identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.text	BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isca acutata Gong & Zhou 2025	<div><p>Isca acutata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 A</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype • 1 male imago, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.67936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.907854" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.67936/lat 18.907854)">Shuiman Village</a>, Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province, China, 730 m a. s. l., 18.907855°N, 109.679361°E, 2024-I-8-10, Dewen Gong, Xuhongyi Zheng leg.  Paratypes • 1 male imago (reared from nymph) and 10 nymphs, same data as holotype .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>•   3 female subimagoes (reared from nymphs), 21 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.74605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.169685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.74605/lat 19.169685)">Limu Mountain</a>, Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province, China, 627 m a. s. l., 19.169685°N, 109.746047°E, 2023-IV-29, Dewen GONG, Xiaofang Chen, Xinhe Qiang leg.  •   4 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.854416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.743912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.854416/lat 18.743912)">Jianfengling Moutain</a>, Ledong County, Hainan Province, China, 850 m a. s. l., 18.743911°N, 108.854413°E, 2022-VI-29, Dewen Gong, Manqing Ding, Xinhe QIANG leg  . •   1 nymph, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.3881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.394447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.3881/lat 18.394447)">Nandao Farm</a>, Sanya City, Hainan Province, China, 231 m a. s. l., 18.394447°N, 109.388103°E, 2022-VII-6, Dewen Gong, Manqing Ding, Xinhe Qiang leg.  •   2 male imagoes, 5 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.692116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.702332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.692116/lat 18.702332)">Qixianling Mountain</a>, Baoting County, Hainan Province, China, 280 m a. s. l., 18.702331°N, 109.692115°E, 2024-I-11, Dewen Gong, Xuhongyi Zheng leg.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Nymph (in alcohol): Body length 4.2–4.4 mm, cerci subequal to body length, terminal filament 6.4–7.2 mm (Fig. 1 A – C). General coloration brown, head and thorax washed light brown, abdominal terga I – VIII brown, terga IX – X light brownish, without any specific pattern, sterna much lighter than terga. Wingpad dark brown, legs uniformly yellowish to amber (Fig. 1 A – C).</p><p>Head: prognathous, area between three ocelli darker than others (Fig. 1 A, C).</p><p>Labrum: ca. 1.8 times wider than long, anterior margin concave in the middle, forming a wide V-shape, lateral-anterior angle rounded, lateral-posterior margin shrunken inward; dorsal surface with two rows of setae sub-marginally, setae in the anterior row slender, denser and longer than those in the posterior row, ventral surface with scattered setae near anterolateral angles and a tuft of hair-like setae sub-medially (Fig. 2 A).</p><p>Mandible: outer margin smoothly convex, with ca. 16 setae at median surface; outer and inner incisors of left mandible divided into three teeth respectively, prostheca with a spur and a tuft of spines; outer incisor of right mandible with 3 teeth (2 tiny denticles on inner tooth), inner incisor with 2 teeth, each of them with additional two acute denticles on both sides; prostheca with a tuft of spines, one bigger than others; four long mesal setae under the molar (Fig. 2 B). Hypopharynx: superlinguae with concave lateral margins, two apices extended into oval lobes; apical margin with hair-like setae; two arms of lingua subequal to median oval lobe (Fig. 2 C). Maxilla: crown covered with dense of setae, galea-lacinia with row of setae, inner apex with a comb-like setae; maxillary palp three-segmented, length ratio of them from I to III = 1.6: 1.0: 1.0, outer margin of segment I with six setae, segment II with a seta, segment III with two setae, tip of segment III with tuft of relatively short setae; outer margin of stipes with very sparse hair-like setae, outer margin of cardo with six long setae (Fig. 2 D). Labium: length ratio of 3 segments of labial palp from I to III = 1.4: 1.1: 1.0; two apical segments slimmer than basal one (Fig. 2 E).</p><p>Thorax: Setae on outer margin of femur strong, relatively longer than that on inner margin; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with stout setae; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, those on tibia of hindleg with extra stout setae (Fig. 1 D – F). Length ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsi of forelegs = 2.3: 1.8: 1.0, that of midlegs = 2.4: 2.0: 1.0, and hindlegs = 2.5: 2.3: 1.0 (Fig. 1 D – F). Claw with 14 denticles, distal one larger than others, proximal four denticles smaller (Fig. 1 G).</p><p>Abdomen: posterior margin of each tergite with contiguous acute spines, posterolateral projections on segment IX only (Fig. 1 A – C). Gills present on segments II to VII of ventral side of abdomen (Fig. 1 B). Gills similar morphologically, consist of two slender and unbranched lamellae, gills progressively smaller from anterior to posterior (Fig. 1 H – I). Caudal filaments brown, terminal filament slightly darker than cerci; posterior margin of each segment with spines, every second segment from segment II with an encircling row of hair-like setae around posteriorly (Fig. 1 A – C).</p><p>Male imago (in alcohol): Body length 4.4 mm, generally amber to brownish, wings deep brown (Fig. 3).</p><p>Head: Width between two compound eyes about half of one eye width; upper half of it orange, lower half black (Fig. 4 A).</p><p>Thorax: Legs: Foretarsus and tip of tibia pale, other portion brown, ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 3.8: 3.5, ratio of foretarsal segments from I to V = 1.0: 14.0: 11.9: 8.6: 2.5. Midleg and hindleg dark brown, ratios of femur: tibia: tarsus = 2.9: 2.4: 1.0 and 2.9: 2.5: 1.0 (Fig. 4 B – D). Claw dissimilar, one hooked, one blunt (Fig. 4 E).</p><p>Wing opaque, brown; veins clear, posterior margin with cilia, vein MA forked slightly less than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig. 4 F).</p><p>Abdomen: color of terga I to IX alike, anterior 1 / 3 pale and semi-transparent, posterior 2 / 3 brown, sterna lighter than terga; tergite X brown (Fig. 3). Genitalia: forceps pale; segment I with a mesal expansion at 2 / 5 point; segments II and III subequal, nearly sphere; penes brown, two penes situated together, forming a pen-point like structure, margin of basal half straight, apical half straightly oblique; length of penes about 2 / 5 × of forceps (Fig. 4 G). Caudal filaments pale (Figs 3 A, 4 G).</p><p>Female: body length 4.1 mm, caudal filaments brown with spine-like setae. Coloration similar to male, sternum IX slightly concave apically (Fig. 5).</p><p>Egg.</p><p>Egg oval, length about 85 μm, width about 45 μm, surface scattered with protuberances and cavities; their size and location irregular (Fig. 6 A).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Nymphs found under stones with coarse surfaces in slow water currents of a montane stream about 1–2 m, without direct sunlight (Fig. 7). Adults emerged in the late afternoon. Some male imagoes were found under leaves above the stream.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>acutata comes from the Latin adjective acutatus, indicating the shape of sharp penal apex of the new species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The nymph of  Isca acutata sp. nov. can be distinguished from other  Isca species by the following characters: abdominal terga I – VIII brown, terga IX – X light brown (Fig. 1 A, C); abdominal sterna light brown (Fig. 1 B); gill VII with dorsal and ventral lamella (Fig. 1 I); posterolateral projection on segment IX (Fig. 1 B). The male imago of  I. acutata sp. nov. can be distinguished by: wings translucent with cilia along posterior margin; anterior 1 / 3 of each abdominal tergum, and sterna I – VIII pale and semi-transparent; posterior 2 / 3 brown, sterna slightly lighter than terga (Fig. 3); forceps pale; penes brown, fused basally, nib-like (Fig. 4 G).</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>Among six known species, only two species ( I. lea and  I. acutata sp. nov.) have bilamellate gills VII in their nymphal stage. Those two nymphs can be differentiated by: (1) ventral setae on labrum of  Isca acutata sp. nov. is less than  Isca lea because it has two setal tufts (Fig. 2 A), and (2) more setae on the tip of the maxillary papa segment III of  Isca acutata than  Isca lea (Fig. 2 D).</p><p>In males, the new species  Isca acutata sp. nov. is unique in penal shape: penes fused basally (Fig. 4 G) while those of  I. purpurea,  I. serendiba,  I. janiceae are separated; its apical margin is straight (Fig. 4 G) while that of  I. fascia is convex (Fig. 15 C); vein MA is forked less than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig. 4 F) while vein MA of  I. janiceae and  I. purpurea forked more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin; cilia present on posterior margin of wings (Fig. 4 F) while absent in  I. janiceae; sternum IX of female  Isca acutata sp. nov. cleft (Fig. 5 C) but not as deeply as  I. purpurea (Fig. 12 B), while that of  I. janiceae is entire.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hainan Island).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gong, De-Wen;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794.text	AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isca fascia Nguyen & Bae 2003	<div><p>Isca fascia Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003</p><p>Figs 14, 15 (first record from China)</p><p>Isca fascia Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003: 453–466, figs 20–24 (nymph, male). Type: female nymph, from Vietnam.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>•   1 male imago 11 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.527145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.970333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.527145/lat 23.970333)">Ailao Mountain</a>, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China, 2200 m a. s. l., 23.970333°N, 101.527147°E, 2022-II-7, Xuhongyi Zheng leg.</p><p>Description.</p><p>(see Nguyen and Bae 2003).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The nymph of  I. fascia can be distinguished from other  Isca species by the following characters: abdominal terga I – II and VII – IX dark brown, terga III – VI light brown (Fig. 14 A); abdominal sterna I – VI and X light brown, sterna VII – IX dark brown (Fig. 14 B). The male imago of  I. fascia can be distinguished by: wings translucent, vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin; cilia present on posterior margin of wings (Fig. 15 A); abdominal terga I – II and VII – IX dark brown, terga III – VI pale (Fig. 15 A); forceps pale (Fig. 15 C); penes yellow, large, lateral margin round, fused basally (Fig. 15 C).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan Prov.); northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gong, De-Wen;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9.text	BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isca purpurea Gillies 1951	<div><p>Isca purpurea Gillies, 1951</p><p>Figs 6 B, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12</p><p>Isca purpurea Gillies, 1951: 21–130, figs 15–22 (male, female). Type: male, from China (Hong Kong) and India (Mirik).</p><p>Isca purpurea: Peters and Edmunds 1970: 159–240, figs 71, 106, 330, 350–357 (nymph, male).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>•   55 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.19069&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.701645" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.19069/lat 24.701645)">Chebaling Mountain</a>, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, China, 460 m a. s. l., 24.701644°N, 114.190687°E, 2024-IV-2-14, Dewen Gong, Xuhongyi Zheng leg.  •   10 male imagoes, 3 female subimagoes, 3 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.2839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.251947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.2839/lat 26.251947)">Laipoli</a>, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China, 390 m a. s. l., 26.251947°N, 119.283899°E, 2024-IV-25, Xuhongyi Zheng leg.  •   5 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.4679&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.5398" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.4679/lat 24.5398)">Jiulian Mountain</a>, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, 24.539800°N, 114.467900°E, 2020-IX-14, Zhengxing MA leg.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Nymph (in alcohol, first formal description): Body length 4.0– 4.5 mm (Fig. 8 A, B).</p><p>General coloration brownish, thorax light brown, abdomen brownish, without any specific pattern, ventral surface much lighter. Wingpad dark brown, legs uniformly yellowish (Fig. 8 A, B).</p><p>Head: prognathous (Fig. 8 A, B). Labrum ca. 1.8 times wider than long, anterior margin concaved in the middle, lateral-anterior angle rounded, lateral-posterior margin shrunken inward; dorsal side with two rows of setae anteriorly, anterior row denser than posterior row but length of them subequal (Fig. 9 A).</p><p>Mandible with rounded outer margin, with 14 setae in the middle; outer incisor of left mandible with 3 apical teeth, inner incisor with 3 teeth, prostheca with a spur and a tuft of spines; outer incisor of right mandible with 3 teeth, inner incisor with 2 teeth and a denticle aside, prostheca with a relatively small spur and a tuft of spines, 4 long setae under the molar (Fig. 9 B).</p><p>Hypopharynx: superlinguae with concave lateral margins, apex with setal tufts, lateral angles rounded (Fig. 9 C).</p><p>Maxilla covered with dense crown of setae, galea-lacinia with row of setae, margin of cardo with 5 long setae; maxillary palp 3 - segmented, length ratio of 3 segments from I to III = 1.6: 1.0: 1.2, outer margin of segment I with 5 setae, segment II with a seta on the tip, segment III with 2 setae, tip of segment III with tuft of relatively short setae (Fig. 9 D).</p><p>Labium like other  Isca species, the ratio of 3 segments of labial palp from I to III = 1.3: 0.9: 1.0 (Fig. 9 E).</p><p>Thorax: Setae on outer margin of femur strong, relatively longer than that on inner margin; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with stout setae; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, those on tibia of hindleg with extra stout setae (Fig. 8 C – E). Claw with 11 denticles 4 on inner side small, 1 on outer side biggest (Fig. 8 F). Ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsi of forelegs = 2.0: 1.8: 1.0, that of midlegs is 2.3: 1.9: 1.0, and hindlegs = 2.5: 2.2: 1.0 (Fig. 8 C – E).</p><p>Abdomen: posterior surface of each tergite with contiguous acute spines, posterolateral projection on segment IX only (Fig. 8 A, B). Gills present on segments II to VII of ventral abdomen (Fig. 8 B). Gills II to VI similar morphologically, consisted of two slender and unbranched lamella, gill VII with single slender lamella (Fig. 8 G, H).</p><p>Male imago (in alcohol; also see Gillies 1951 and Peters and Edmunds 1970):</p><p>Body length 4.5 mm, generally brownish (Fig. 10). Head: Compound eyes contiguous basally, upper part separated with dark stripes around facets (Fig. 11 A).</p><p>Legs generally dark brown, mid part of femora slightly lighter than both ends, tarsus of foreleg brownish from base to tip (Fig. 11 C). Ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus of foreleg = 1.0: 3.1: 3.1, those of midleg and hind leg = 2.9: 2.2: 1.0 and 3.2: 2.5: 1.0, ratio of foretarsal segments from I to V = 1.0: 13.7: 12.5: 8.0: 3.0 (Fig. 11 C – E). Claw dissimilar, one hooked and acute, one blunt (Fig. 11 F).</p><p>Wing brown, transparent; veins clear, posterior margin with cilia, vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig. 11 B).</p><p>Abdomen: tergites of both dorsal and ventral view dark brown; tergite IX with posterolateral projection (Fig. 10). Genitalia: forceps brownish, segment I longest, midpart slightly protuberant inward; segment II slightly longer than III. Penes brownish; broad at base, gradually narrowing to tip; base separated; tips sharp, bend inward; length of penes about 2 / 5 of forceps (Fig. 11 G).</p><p>Female (in alcohol): Body length 4.2 mm, terminal filaments brown with spine-like setae. Coloration like male, apex of sternum IX deeply concave (Fig. 12).</p><p>Egg.</p><p>Egg oval, length about 100 μm, width about 50 μm, surface covered with subequal small protuberances (Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Like  I. acutata, nymphs of  I. purpurea were found under stones with coarse surfaces in slow flowing mountain stream; the stream was about 2 m wide with good shade (Fig. 13).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The nymph of  I. purpurea can be distinguished from other  Isca species by the following characters: abdominal terga brown, and abdominal sterna light brown. The male imago of  I. purpurea can be distinguished by vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of the distance from base to margin (Fig. 11 B); cilia present on the posterior margin of the wings (Fig. 11 B); abdominal terga and sterna dark brown (Fig. 10); forceps and penes brown (Fig. 11 G); and penes separated widely at base, tip hook-like, curved inward (Fig. 11 G).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hong Kong, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi); India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gong, De-Wen;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
