taxonID	type	description	language	source
BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 A	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.taxon	description	Description. Nymph (in alcohol): Body length 4.2 – 4.4 mm, cerci subequal to body length, terminal filament 6.4 – 7.2 mm (Fig. 1 A – C). General coloration brown, head and thorax washed light brown, abdominal terga I – VIII brown, terga IX – X light brownish, without any specific pattern, sterna much lighter than terga. Wingpad dark brown, legs uniformly yellowish to amber (Fig. 1 A – C). Head: prognathous, area between three ocelli darker than others (Fig. 1 A, C). Labrum: ca. 1.8 times wider than long, anterior margin concave in the middle, forming a wide V-shape, lateral-anterior angle rounded, lateral-posterior margin shrunken inward; dorsal surface with two rows of setae sub-marginally, setae in the anterior row slender, denser and longer than those in the posterior row, ventral surface with scattered setae near anterolateral angles and a tuft of hair-like setae sub-medially (Fig. 2 A). Mandible: outer margin smoothly convex, with ca. 16 setae at median surface; outer and inner incisors of left mandible divided into three teeth respectively, prostheca with a spur and a tuft of spines; outer incisor of right mandible with 3 teeth (2 tiny denticles on inner tooth), inner incisor with 2 teeth, each of them with additional two acute denticles on both sides; prostheca with a tuft of spines, one bigger than others; four long mesal setae under the molar (Fig. 2 B). Hypopharynx: superlinguae with concave lateral margins, two apices extended into oval lobes; apical margin with hair-like setae; two arms of lingua subequal to median oval lobe (Fig. 2 C). Maxilla: crown covered with dense of setae, galea-lacinia with row of setae, inner apex with a comb-like setae; maxillary palp three-segmented, length ratio of them from I to III = 1.6: 1.0: 1.0, outer margin of segment I with six setae, segment II with a seta, segment III with two setae, tip of segment III with tuft of relatively short setae; outer margin of stipes with very sparse hair-like setae, outer margin of cardo with six long setae (Fig. 2 D). Labium: length ratio of 3 segments of labial palp from I to III = 1.4: 1.1: 1.0; two apical segments slimmer than basal one (Fig. 2 E). Thorax: Setae on outer margin of femur strong, relatively longer than that on inner margin; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with stout setae; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, those on tibia of hindleg with extra stout setae (Fig. 1 D – F). Length ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsi of forelegs = 2.3: 1.8: 1.0, that of midlegs = 2.4: 2.0: 1.0, and hindlegs = 2.5: 2.3: 1.0 (Fig. 1 D – F). Claw with 14 denticles, distal one larger than others, proximal four denticles smaller (Fig. 1 G). Abdomen: posterior margin of each tergite with contiguous acute spines, posterolateral projections on segment IX only (Fig. 1 A – C). Gills present on segments II to VII of ventral side of abdomen (Fig. 1 B). Gills similar morphologically, consist of two slender and unbranched lamellae, gills progressively smaller from anterior to posterior (Fig. 1 H – I). Caudal filaments brown, terminal filament slightly darker than cerci; posterior margin of each segment with spines, every second segment from segment II with an encircling row of hair-like setae around posteriorly (Fig. 1 A – C). Male imago (in alcohol): Body length 4.4 mm, generally amber to brownish, wings deep brown (Fig. 3). Head: Width between two compound eyes about half of one eye width; upper half of it orange, lower half black (Fig. 4 A). Thorax: Legs: Foretarsus and tip of tibia pale, other portion brown, ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 3.8: 3.5, ratio of foretarsal segments from I to V = 1.0: 14.0: 11.9: 8.6: 2.5. Midleg and hindleg dark brown, ratios of femur: tibia: tarsus = 2.9: 2.4: 1.0 and 2.9: 2.5: 1.0 (Fig. 4 B – D). Claw dissimilar, one hooked, one blunt (Fig. 4 E). Wing opaque, brown; veins clear, posterior margin with cilia, vein MA forked slightly less than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig. 4 F). Abdomen: color of terga I to IX alike, anterior 1 / 3 pale and semi-transparent, posterior 2 / 3 brown, sterna lighter than terga; tergite X brown (Fig. 3). Genitalia: forceps pale; segment I with a mesal expansion at 2 / 5 point; segments II and III subequal, nearly sphere; penes brown, two penes situated together, forming a pen-point like structure, margin of basal half straight, apical half straightly oblique; length of penes about 2 / 5 × of forceps (Fig. 4 G). Caudal filaments pale (Figs 3 A, 4 G). Female: body length 4.1 mm, caudal filaments brown with spine-like setae. Coloration similar to male, sternum IX slightly concave apically (Fig. 5).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. acutata comes from the Latin adjective acutatus, indicating the shape of sharp penal apex of the new species.	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The nymph of Isca acutata sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Isca species by the following characters: abdominal terga I – VIII brown, terga IX – X light brown (Fig. 1 A, C); abdominal sterna light brown (Fig. 1 B); gill VII with dorsal and ventral lamella (Fig. 1 I); posterolateral projection on segment IX (Fig. 1 B). The male imago of I. acutata sp. nov. can be distinguished by: wings translucent with cilia along posterior margin; anterior 1 / 3 of each abdominal tergum, and sterna I – VIII pale and semi-transparent; posterior 2 / 3 brown, sterna slightly lighter than terga (Fig. 3); forceps pale; penes brown, fused basally, nib-like (Fig. 4 G).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BDFDA142B5055672B164DBF20FF90CCF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hainan Island).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794.taxon	description	Figs 14, 15 (first record from China)	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794.taxon	description	Description. (see Nguyen and Bae 2003).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The nymph of I. fascia can be distinguished from other Isca species by the following characters: abdominal terga I – II and VII – IX dark brown, terga III – VI light brown (Fig. 14 A); abdominal sterna I – VI and X light brown, sterna VII – IX dark brown (Fig. 14 B). The male imago of I. fascia can be distinguished by: wings translucent, vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin; cilia present on posterior margin of wings (Fig. 15 A); abdominal terga I – II and VII – IX dark brown, terga III – VI pale (Fig. 15 A); forceps pale (Fig. 15 C); penes yellow, large, lateral margin round, fused basally (Fig. 15 C).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
AF355A1ED14459A29EBEC1973EAF9794.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.); northern Vietnam.	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9.taxon	description	Figs 6 B, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9.taxon	description	Description. Nymph (in alcohol, first formal description): Body length 4.0 – 4.5 mm (Fig. 8 A, B). General coloration brownish, thorax light brown, abdomen brownish, without any specific pattern, ventral surface much lighter. Wingpad dark brown, legs uniformly yellowish (Fig. 8 A, B). Head: prognathous (Fig. 8 A, B). Labrum ca. 1.8 times wider than long, anterior margin concaved in the middle, lateral-anterior angle rounded, lateral-posterior margin shrunken inward; dorsal side with two rows of setae anteriorly, anterior row denser than posterior row but length of them subequal (Fig. 9 A). Mandible with rounded outer margin, with 14 setae in the middle; outer incisor of left mandible with 3 apical teeth, inner incisor with 3 teeth, prostheca with a spur and a tuft of spines; outer incisor of right mandible with 3 teeth, inner incisor with 2 teeth and a denticle aside, prostheca with a relatively small spur and a tuft of spines, 4 long setae under the molar (Fig. 9 B). Hypopharynx: superlinguae with concave lateral margins, apex with setal tufts, lateral angles rounded (Fig. 9 C). Maxilla covered with dense crown of setae, galea-lacinia with row of setae, margin of cardo with 5 long setae; maxillary palp 3 - segmented, length ratio of 3 segments from I to III = 1.6: 1.0: 1.2, outer margin of segment I with 5 setae, segment II with a seta on the tip, segment III with 2 setae, tip of segment III with tuft of relatively short setae (Fig. 9 D). Labium like other Isca species, the ratio of 3 segments of labial palp from I to III = 1.3: 0.9: 1.0 (Fig. 9 E). Thorax: Setae on outer margin of femur strong, relatively longer than that on inner margin; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with stout setae; outer margin of tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, those on tibia of hindleg with extra stout setae (Fig. 8 C – E). Claw with 11 denticles 4 on inner side small, 1 on outer side biggest (Fig. 8 F). Ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsi of forelegs = 2.0: 1.8: 1.0, that of midlegs is 2.3: 1.9: 1.0, and hindlegs = 2.5: 2.2: 1.0 (Fig. 8 C – E). Abdomen: posterior surface of each tergite with contiguous acute spines, posterolateral projection on segment IX only (Fig. 8 A, B). Gills present on segments II to VII of ventral abdomen (Fig. 8 B). Gills II to VI similar morphologically, consisted of two slender and unbranched lamella, gill VII with single slender lamella (Fig. 8 G, H). Male imago (in alcohol; also see Gillies 1951 and Peters and Edmunds 1970): Body length 4.5 mm, generally brownish (Fig. 10). Head: Compound eyes contiguous basally, upper part separated with dark stripes around facets (Fig. 11 A). Legs generally dark brown, mid part of femora slightly lighter than both ends, tarsus of foreleg brownish from base to tip (Fig. 11 C). Ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus of foreleg = 1.0: 3.1: 3.1, those of midleg and hind leg = 2.9: 2.2: 1.0 and 3.2: 2.5: 1.0, ratio of foretarsal segments from I to V = 1.0: 13.7: 12.5: 8.0: 3.0 (Fig. 11 C – E). Claw dissimilar, one hooked and acute, one blunt (Fig. 11 F). Wing brown, transparent; veins clear, posterior margin with cilia, vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of distance from base to margin (Fig. 11 B). Abdomen: tergites of both dorsal and ventral view dark brown; tergite IX with posterolateral projection (Fig. 10). Genitalia: forceps brownish, segment I longest, midpart slightly protuberant inward; segment II slightly longer than III. Penes brownish; broad at base, gradually narrowing to tip; base separated; tips sharp, bend inward; length of penes about 2 / 5 of forceps (Fig. 11 G). Female (in alcohol): Body length 4.2 mm, terminal filaments brown with spine-like setae. Coloration like male, apex of sternum IX deeply concave (Fig. 12).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The nymph of I. purpurea can be distinguished from other Isca species by the following characters: abdominal terga brown, and abdominal sterna light brown. The male imago of I. purpurea can be distinguished by vein MA forked slightly more than 1 / 2 of the distance from base to margin (Fig. 11 B); cilia present on the posterior margin of the wings (Fig. 11 B); abdominal terga and sterna dark brown (Fig. 10); forceps and penes brown (Fig. 11 G); and penes separated widely at base, tip hook-like, curved inward (Fig. 11 G).	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
BADF030CCCB75F0DABCED2A0225289F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hong Kong, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi); India.	en	Gong, De-Wen, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): Review of the genus Isca (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from China with a new species and a new species record. ZooKeys 1234: 239-258, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.140905
