identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
88ED1591BFA45D14B9760A840B58C4F1.text	88ED1591BFA45D14B9760A840B58C4F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Khorata Huber 2005	<div><p>Genus Khorata Huber, 2005</p><p>Khorata Huber, 2005: 79. Yao and Li 2010: 5. Xu et al. 2020: 159.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Khorata khammouan Huber, 2005 from Laos.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The genus can be distinguished from Savarna Huber, 2005 by the male chelicera with a sclerotized distal apophysis (da) on the front-lateral surface and a hooked frontal apophysis (fa 2), by the male palpal trochanter apophysis extremely short (as long as wide) and not attached to the femur, by the male palpal femur with a retrolateral apophysis (ra), and by the epigyne with a posterior lip (pl) in nearly half of the species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Species of Khorata are medium-sized with long legs, and construct domed webs at limestone cave entrances or between rocks (Xu et al. 2020). Three notable exceptions, K. dupla Yao &amp; Li, 2013, K. bayeri Yao, Li &amp; Jäger, 2014 and K. kep Lan, Jäger &amp; Li, 2021, possess shorter legs and inhabit leaf litter (Yao and Li 2013; Yao et al. 2014; Lan et al. 2021). At present, the records from Kep (Cambodia; K. kep), Chiang Rai (Thailand; K. schwendingeri Huber, 2005), Tongren (Guizhou, China; K. yuhaoi Xu, Zheng &amp; Yao, 2020) and Wuyi Mt. (Fujian, China; K. zhui Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2008) represent the southernmost, westernmost, northernmost and easternmost distribution limit for the genus, respectively (Fig. 1). Forty-two species (79 %) are known from a single locality and three species are sympatric (found in the same locality; K. dangi Yao, Pham &amp; Li, 2015, K. digitata Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. huberi Yao, Pham &amp; Li, 2015). Morphological data indicate a close relationship among the genera Khorata, Savarna, Hantu Huber, 2016, and Aetana Huber, 2005 (Huber et al. 2015); however, the first three genera were merely used as outgroups for the genus Aetana, and the evidence supporting the inter-genetic relationships was limited. The most recent molecular data suggest that the phylogenetic positions of Khorata, Savarna, and Hantu within the ‘ Pholcinae group 1 ’ are unstable and problematic, necessitating further analysis (Eberle et al. 2018; Huber et al. 2018).</p><p>Thirty-seven species of this genus are here divided into nine formal species groups based on superficial similarity, while the remaining species are tentatively not assigned to any species groups.</p><p>The digitata group. This group includes four species: K. digitata, K. qian Yao &amp; Li, 2019, K. qianlei sp. nov. and K. yuhaoi . They share five putative synapomorphies on the procursus: two prolatero-distal apophyses (pda 1, pda 2), distal sclerite (ds), dorso-subdistal apophysis (dsa), and retrolatero-distal apophysis (rda) (Figs 2 C, 4 A, C, E). In addition, endogynes of K. digitata, K. qian and K. yuhaoi have sclerites (as) anterior to pore plates (pp) (Fig. 4 B, D, F).</p><p>The epunctata group. This group includes four species: K. circularis Yao &amp; Li, 2013, K. epunctata Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. fusui Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 and K. shao Yao &amp; Li, 2010 . They share two putative synapomorphies on the procursus: lamellar ventro-distal apophysis (vda) and slightly sclerotized distal apophysis (da) (e. g., fig. 28 C in Yao and Li 2013).</p><p>The flabelliformis group. This group includes six species: K. dongkou Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. flabelliformis Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. guiensis Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. macilenta Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. miaoshanensis Yao &amp; Li, 2010 and K. ningyuan Wei &amp; Xu, 2014 . They share two putative synapomorphies: spine-shaped prolatero-ventral apophysis (pva) on the procursus (e. g., fig. 13 D in Yao and Li 2010) and posterior lip (pl) on the epigyne (e. g., fig. 14 A in Yao and Li 2010).</p><p>The khammouan group. This group includes two species: K. khammouan Huber, 2005 and K. protumida Yao, Pham &amp; Li, 2015 . They share two putative synapomorphies: sclerotized prolatero-dorsal apophysis (pda) on the procursus (e. g., fig. 151 in Huber 2005) and a pair of protrusions on the epigyne (e. g., fig. 155 in Huber 2005).</p><p>The matang group. This group includes two species: K. matang Yao &amp; Li, 2019 and K. wenshan Yao &amp; Li, 2019 . They share three putative synapomorphies: bifurcated prolatero-distal apophysis (pda) and bifurcated retrolatero-distal apophysis (rda) on the procursus (e. g., fig. 7 C, D in Yao et al. 2019) and posterior lip (pl) on the epigyne (e. g., fig. 8 A in Yao et al. 2019).</p><p>The nanningensis group. This group includes eight species: K. bachma Yao &amp; Li, 2018, K. danxia Sheng &amp; Xu, 2021, K. kep, K. nanningensis Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. ninhbinh Zhang, Li &amp; Yao, 2024, K. quangbinh Yao &amp; Li, 2018, K. robertmurphyi Yao &amp; Li, 2010 and K. suwei Yao &amp; Li, 2019 . They share two putative synapomorphies on the procursus: lamellar ventro-distal apophysis (vda) and dorso-distal apophysis (dda) bearing teeth (e. g., fig. 37 D in Yao and Li 2010).</p><p>The palace group. This group includes two species: K. luoping Yao &amp; Li, 2019 and K. palace Yao &amp; Li, 2018 . They share three putative synapomorphies on the procursus: bifurcated prolatero-distal apophysis (pda), ventro-distal apophysis (vda), and spine-shaped retrolatero-distal apophysis (rda) (e. g., fig. 7 C in Nie et al. 2018).</p><p>The schwendingeri group. This group includes three species: K. bangkok Huber, 2005, K. musee Lan &amp; Li, 2021 and K. schwendingeri . They share one putative synapomorphy on the procursus: spine-shaped prolatero-dorsal apophysis (pda) (e. g., fig. 161 in Huber 2005).</p><p>The triangula group. This group includes six species: K. libo Yao &amp; Li, 2019, K. liuzhouensis Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. luojinensis Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. paquini Yao &amp; Li, 2010, K. sancai Wei &amp; Xu, 2014 and K. triangula Yao &amp; Li, 2010 . They share one putative synapomorphy on the procursus: lamellar distal apophysis (da) (e. g., fig. 55 D in Yao and Li 2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/88ED1591BFA45D14B9760A840B58C4F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;Zhang, Baisensen;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, Zhang, Baisensen, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Taxonomic notes on four closely related spider species of the genus Khorata (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1244: 281-291, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.154422
DF88E5ABC2E15000AD5192397912BF9B.text	DF88E5ABC2E15000AD5192397912BF9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Khorata qianlei Li, Li & Yao 2025	<div><p>Khorata qianlei Li, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Guangxi Prov., Yulin, Rong Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.64287&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.82156" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.64287/lat 22.82156)">Duqiaoshan Forest Park</a>; 22.821559 ° N, 110.642871 ° E; alt. 187 m; 5 Oct. 2023; Q. Lu leg.; SYNU -Ar 00493 . Paratypes: China • 1 ♂; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00494 • 1 ♀; same data as for the holotype; SYNU -Ar 00495 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Qianle Lu (Shenzhen, China).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species can be distinguished from K. yuhaoi by the procursus with a bifurcated prolatero-distal apophysis (pda 1) (Fig. 2 C vs psa not bifurcated, Fig. 4 E), by the male cheliceral frontal apophyses (fa 1) wedge-shaped (pointed in lateral view, Fig. 3 D vs blunt, arrow in fig. 6 D in Xu et al. 2020), by the anterior arch (aa) lacking sclerites (as) (Fig. 3 B vs present, Fig. 4 F), and by the pore plates (pp) nearly triangular (Fig. 3 B vs nearly elliptical, Fig. 4 F).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Measurements: Total length 2.28 (2.34 with clypeus), carapace 0.87 long, 1.04 wide, opisthosoma 1.41 long, 0.91 wide. Leg I: 22.69 (5.51, 0.43, 5.45, 8.72, 2.58), leg II: 14.23 (4.00, 0.41, 3.28, 4.94, 1.60), leg III: 10.60 (3.08, 0.38, 2.38, 3.76, 1.00), leg IV: 13.82 (4.15, 0.39, 3.16, 5.10, 1.02); tibia I L / d: 61. Eye sizes and interdistances: PME – PME 0.10, PME 0.13, PME – ALE 0.04. Sternum width / length: 0.65 / 0.52.</p><p>Color: Carapace yellowish, with dark brown lateral margins and narrow, dark median line; sternum brown. Legs brownish, slightly whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dark brown bands.</p><p>Body (Fig. 3 E, F): Thoracic furrow shallow, but distinct; clypeus unmodified.</p><p>Chelicera (Fig. 3 C, D) with 4 apophyses: Proximo-lateral (pa), distal on front-lateral surface (da), wedge-shaped frontal (fa 1), and hooked frontal (fa 2).</p><p>Palp (Fig. 2 A – D): Trochanter with short retrolateral apophysis (tra) (as long as wide) and ventral apophysis (va); femur 1.5 × longer than patella and 2 × longer than tibia; femur with retrolateral apophysis (fra); procursus (pr) simple proximally but complex distally, with bifurcated prolatero-distal apophysis (pda 1), angular distal sclerite (ds), blunt prolatero-distal apophysis (pda 2) (bearing pointed branch), pointed dorso-subdistal apophysis (dsa), and blunt retrolatero-distal apophysis (rda); bulb simple, no other apophyses except for embolus; embolus distally pointed, 8 × longer than wide.</p><p>Legs: Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I situated at 4 % proximally; legs with short erected setae on metatarsi and tarsi; tarsus I with 16 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -Ar 00495): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 3 G, H. Total length 3.13 (3.26 with clypeus), carapace 0.80 long, 0.92 wide, opisthosoma 2.33 long, 1.50 wide; tibia I: 4.40; tibia I L / d: 55. Eye sizes and interdistances: PME – PME 0.08, PME 0.12, PME – ALE 0.03. Sternum width / length: 0.65 / 0.63. Epigyne (Fig. 3 A) externally elliptical (2 × wider than long), posteriorly slightly curved, with pair of posterior pockets (ep) 0.05 apart. Endogyne (Fig. 3 B) with curved anterior arch (aa) and pair of nearly triangular pore plates (pp) on lateral part.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in male paratype (SYNU -Ar 00494): 5.38.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found on the web between rocks in primary forest.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guangxi, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF88E5ABC2E15000AD5192397912BF9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Jinglin;Zhang, Baisensen;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Li, Jinglin, Zhang, Baisensen, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2025): Taxonomic notes on four closely related spider species of the genus Khorata (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 1244: 281-291, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.154422
