taxonID	type	description	language	source
AB0FED073D32FFA8FF6AFDB6FE90FB1D.taxon	description	Figs 1, 17 A – B	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D32FFA8FF6AFDB6FE90FB1D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Vientiane Province, Phatang village, mountain forest, 19 ° 03 ' 52 " N, 102 ° 25 ' 41 " E, 22 – 28.04.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Oudomsay Province, Oudomsay city, damaged forest on border of the city, 20 ° 39 ' 46 " N, 101 ° 58 ' 14 " E, 01 – 03.05.2016, Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♀; Champasak Province, dry monsoon forest, 14 ° 36 ' 26 " N, 105 ° 53 ' 55 " E, 04 – 09.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 6 ♂; Attopu Province, tropical forest, 14 ° 44 ' 08 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 17 " E, 10 – 17.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 15 – 16.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D32FFA8FF6AFDB6FE90FB1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Kishida et al. 2020), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008), Phongsaly Province, Oudomsay Province, Vientiane Province, Champasak Province, and Attopu Province (this study).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D32FFA8FF6AFDB6FE90FB1D.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first records from Phongsaly, Oudomsay, Vientiane, Champasak, and Attopu provinces.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D32FFA8FF6AF8BEFC42F86F.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFC1FFDD6FA47.taxon	description	Figs 3 A, 17 E	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFC1FFDD6FA47.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Luang Namtha Province, Muang Long town, tropical forest, 20 ° 57 ' 25 " N, 100 ° 49 ' 20 " E, 11 – 22.05.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFC1FFDD6FA47.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020), Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020), Vientiane Province, Phongsaly Province (Naumann et al. 2016), and Luang Namtha Province (this study).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFC1FFDD6FA47.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Luang Namtha Province. (2) Previously, the species was incorrectly recorded as “ Archaeoattacus edwardsii (White, 1859) ” (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020). (3) Naumann et al. (2016) provided Archaeoattacus malayanus ’ distribution map, where three black points indicate the records from northern Laos (Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Phongsaly provinces), which actually belong to A. malayanus, whereas the black point indicating the records from southern Laos is given incorrectly and probably belongs to Archaeoattacus vietnamensis Naumann, Rougerie & Nässig, 2016.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AF9FFFD76F8F3.taxon	description	Figs 3 B, 17 F	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AF9FFFD76F8F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 17 – 19.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 26 – 28.07.2023 – 2 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AF9FFFD76F8F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Champasak Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069530, PV 069531.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AF9FFFD76F8F3.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first record from Laos.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFEFDFB63FCC7.taxon	description	Figs 2, 17 C – D	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFEFDFB63FCC7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Champasak Province, Wopakok Hotel, dry monsoon forest and agricultural landscapes, 14 ° 59 ' 59 " N, 105 ° 51 ' 28 " E, 04 – 06.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Champasak Province, dry monsoon forest, 14 ° 36 ' 26 " N, 105 ° 53 ' 55 " E, 18 – 21.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 4 ♂; Sekong Province, Lamam town, dry monsoon forest, 15 ° 21 ' 39 " N, 106 ° 42 ' 45 " E, 25 – 27.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 16 – 17.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 2 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFEFDFB63FCC7.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Namtha Province, Vientiane Province (Brosch et al. 1999), Luang Prabang Province (Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli & Racheli 2006), Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020), Phongsaly Province, Champasak Province, and Sekong Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069528, PV 069529.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D33FFA9FF6AFEFDFB63FCC7.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first records from Phongsaly, Champasak, and Sekong provinces.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D35FFACFF6AF971FB87FBAF.taxon	description	Figs 4 A – D, 17 G – H	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D35FFACFF6AF971FB87FBAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Oudomsay Province, Oudomsay city, tropical forest, 20 ° 38 ' 52 " N, 101 ° 58 ' 59 " E, 07.05.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Luang Namtha Province, Muang Long town, tropical forest, 20 ° 57 ' 29 " N, 100 ° 49 ' 41 " E, 10 – 21.05.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂, 8 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 02 – 05.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 29.07 – 02.08.2024 – 5 ♂, 5 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 39 ' 59 " N, 101 ° 52 ' 58 " E, 29.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D35FFACFF6AF971FB87FBAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008), Phongsaly Province, Luang Namtha Province, and Oudomsay Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069526, PV 069527, PV 069557 – PV 069559, PV 069602.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D35FFACFF6AF971FB87FBAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first records from Phongsaly, Luang Namtha, and Oudomsay provinces. (2) According to the ruling of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the species name of Samia canningi (Hutton, 1860) is considered as valid name and must be used when referring to the wild form of Samia ricini (Jones, 1791) (Opinion 2376 (Case 3638) 2016). However, the comparison of the COI sequences revealed no genetic differences between the wild (S. canningi) and the domestic forms (S. ricini). (3) In Kishida et al. ’ s work (2020) the specimen illustration of which was captioned as “ Samia canningi ” clearly belongs to another species (probably, Samia beekei Paukstadt & Paukstadt, 2012). Hence, the species of the genus Samia Hübner, [1819] were incorrectly identified in the aforementioned work. (4) The COI sequences of S. canningi from Laos obtained in the present study belong to two groups of haplotypes which differ from each other by 10 nucleotide substitutions (1.5 %). The first group of haplotypes is widely distributed from India to China and Thailand, whereas the second one — in Vietnam and northern Laos (Phongsaly Province). The taxonomic status of the latter is unclear and requires further studies. If this lineage has a restricted range including Vietnam and northern Laos and does not sympatrically occur with the other, it should be considered as a separate subspecies. The second genetic lineage of S. canningi shows 0.6 % COI divergence from Samia fulva Jordan, 1911 from the Andaman Islands (Samia lunula fulva in the original combination; afterwards raised to the species rank by Mohanraj et al. (1998 )). Due to this reason, here we treat the Andamanese taxon in the rank of subspecies — Samia canningi fulva Jordan, 1911 comb. nov. & stat. rev.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D36FFA2FF6AFB87FC9BFBEC.taxon	description	Figs 4 E – J, 17 I – J	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D36FFA2FF6AFB87FC9BFBEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Champasak Province, dry monsoon forest, 14 ° 36 ' 26 " N, 105 ° 53 ' 55 " E, 04 – 09.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 25 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 4 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Sekong Province, Thateng town, mountain tropical forest, 15 ° 24 ' 16 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 58 " E, 21 – 25.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂; Attopu Province, tropical forest, 14 ° 44 ' 08 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 17 " E, 10 – 17.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 3 ♂; Luang Namtha Province, Viangphoukha town, tropical forest, 20 ° 40 ' 58 " N, 101 ° 03 ' 28 " E, 23.05.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 29.07 – 02.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 4 ♂, 4 ♀; the same locality and collectors, 06 – 09.08.2024 – 7 ♂, 2 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 02 – 05.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 6 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 15 – 16.08.2024 – 3 ♂, 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 2 ♂, 1 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D36FFA2FF6AFB87FC9BFBEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Phongsaly Province, Luang Namtha Province, Champasak Province, Sekong Province, Attopu Province (this study), and Vientiane Province (BOLD). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069517 – PV 069525, PV 069560 – PV 069574.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D36FFA2FF6AFB87FC9BFBEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Laos. (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SAUPA 666 - 12). (3) The records of “ Samia kohlli Naumann & Peigler 2001 ” from Laos (Naumann & Peigler 2001), in all probability, belong to Samia beekei Paukstadt & Paukstadt, 2012. There are no sequences of S. kohlli confirming the occurrence of this species beyond its type locality (“ West Malaysia, Pahang prov., Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata ”). (4) S. beekei is phylogenetically close to Samia vanschaycki Brechlin, 2014 [TL: “ China, Prov. Yunnan, Yinjiang of W Yunnan, near border to Myanmar ”], the taxonomic status of which needs further revision. (5) Since the original description is unavailable to the public, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of the adults of both sexes and the male genitalia (Figs 4 E – J, 17 I – J) based on the specimens collected from southern and northern Laos. The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D36FFA2FF6AFB87FC9BFBEC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. S. beekei is similar to S. vanschaycki. Since the original description of the latter is also unavailable, the diagnostic comparison of both species is provided only based on molecular data. S. beekei can be distinguished from S. vanschaycki by 6 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 158 C, 173 C, 269 A, 413 T, 563 A, 626 A. S. beekei is also externally similar to Samia wangi Naumann & Peigler, 2001 [TL: China, Guangdong Province, Huiji, Duang Mt.], but differs from it by the larger basal saccular process of the valva. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 4 E, G, I, J): Wingspan 104 – 130 mm, forewing length 60 – 81 mm (n = 34). Head brown with white band at base of antenna. Frons with long, white, brown and grey scales. Eye black or brown. Antenna quadripectinate, brown. Labial palp short (its length ca. one of eye diameter), brown, with white scales at apex. Thorax brown with white band at posterior margin. Patagium brown with white band. Tegula brown. Legs brown with white bunches of scales at tarsal segments; outer surface of femur white. Abdomen light brown, with three rows of white spots dorsally, two white bands ventrally, and two white bands laterally (two from each side); ventral and lateral white bands divided into separated spots in some specimens; base of abdomen with white band. Female morphology (Fig. 4 F, H): Similar to male, but having wider wings. Wingspan 118 – 131 mm, forewing length 70 – 81 mm (n = 8). Head brown with white band at base of antenna. Frons with long, white, brown and grey scales. Eye brown. Antenna quadripectinate, brown; rami slightly shorter than in males. Labial palp short (its length ca. one of eye diameter), brown, with white scales at apex. Thorax brown with white band at posterior margin. Patagium brown with white band. Tegula brown. Legs brown with white bunches of scales at tarsal segments; outer surface of femur white. Abdomen light brown, with three rows of white spots dorsally, two narrow white bands ventrally, and two broad white bands laterally (two from each side); ventral and lateral white bands divided into separated spots in some specimens; base of abdomen with white band.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AFB6CFC26F983.taxon	description	Figs 5, 18 A	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AFB6CFC26F983.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AFB6CFC26F983.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020; BOLD), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008), Vientiane Province (BOLD), and Phongsaly Province (this study).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AFB6CFC26F983.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first record from Phongsaly Province.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AF9BAFC26F81E.taxon	description	Figs 6 A – B, 18 B	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AF9BAFC26F81E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂, 1 ♀; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 3 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AF9BAFC26F81E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020; BOLD), Houaphan Province (BOLD), and Phongsaly Province (this study).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D38FFA2FF6AF9BAFC26F81E.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first record from Phongsaly Province.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D39FFA3FF6AF967FE42F85A.taxon	description	Fig. 18 C – D	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D39FFA3FF6AF967FE42F85A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Namtha Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008) and Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D39FFA3FF6AF967FE42F85A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) In Laos the subspecies occurs in the northern and probably the central parts, whereas the southern part is inhabited by another subspecies, namely Actias sinensis siriae Brechlin & Van Schayck, 2017. (2) A. sinensis sinensis and Actias parasinensis Brechlin, 2009 are sympatrically occurring taxa. This fact should be taken into account when identifying these taxa from the north and the centre of the country.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA1FF6AFBE5FD5AFE20.taxon	description	Figs 6 E – F, 18 G – H	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA1FF6AFBE5FD5AFE20.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂, 1 ♀. MYANMAR: Kachin State, Wasandum village, tropical forest, 27 ° 29 ' 41 " N, 97 ° 11 ' 24 " E, h 850 m, 18 – 19.03.2014, I. Bolotov & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA1FF6AFBE5FD5AFE20.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Phongsaly Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069590, PV 069591 (Laos), PV 069532 (Myanmar).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA1FF6AFBE5FD5AFE20.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) Although Actias parasinensis Brechlin, 2009 is mentioned as occurring in Laos in some works (Irungbam 2014; Irungbam & Irungbam 2019), there are no published records from this country confirming the occurrence of it. Here, we present the record of A. parasinensis from Phongsaly Province, thus, confirming it does occur in Laos. Hence, based on our material and available sequence data obtained with BOLD, A. parasinensis has a range covering Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and China (Yunnan and Tibet). (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SARBB 153 - 09). (3) The description of this species was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Laos and Myanmar, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of the adults of both sexes and the male genitalia (Figs 6 E – F, 18 G – H). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA1FF6AFBE5FD5AFE20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A. parasinensis has the longer hindwing tails compared to Actias sinensis (Walker, 1855) and can be distinguished from it by 17 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 5 A / C, 17 C, 20 C, 275 T, 329 T, 350 T, 356 T, 365 T, 404 A, 413 A / G, 446 C, 464 C, 506 C, 548 C, 599 A / C, 602 C, 632 G / T. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 6 E): Wingspan 94 – 101 mm, forewing length 56 – 61 mm (n = 2). Head yellow-orange or pale white-yellow. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown. Labial palp very short (its length ca. 0.5 of eye diameter), yellow-pink or pink. Thorax yellow, anteriorly brown and having sparse white scales. Patagium brown with sparse white scales. Tegula yellow, brown at base, with sparse white scales. Legs pale yellow, outer surfaces of tarsus and of tibia pink. Abdomen yellow, with unclear red-lilac spots laterally (spots may absent in some specimens). Female morphology (Fig. 6 F): Wingspan 113 mm, forewing length 69 mm (n = 1). Head white. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown; rami shorter than in males. Labial palp very short, pinkishreddish. Thorax white, brown anteriorly. Patagium brown with sparse white scales. Tegula white, brown at base, with sparse white scales. Coxa of fore-legs brown, coxa of middle- and hind-legs white, femur white, tarsus and tibia red-pink. Abdomen white.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA0FF6AFF10FAA4FC41.taxon	description	Figs 6 C – D, 18 E – F	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA0FF6AFF10FAA4FC41.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 26 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 4 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA0FF6AFF10FAA4FC41.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Champasak Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069499, PV 069500.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA0FF6AFF10FAA4FC41.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Laos. Hence, the subspecies occurs in central Vietnam (Quang Ngai Province) and southern Laos (Champasak Province, Bolaven Plateau). (2) A. sinensis siriae represents a highly divergent lineage and has a COI p - distance of 1.9 – 2.9 % from the nominate subspecies. (3) The description of this subspecies was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Bolaven Plateau, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of external and genital morphology of the male specimens (Figs 6 C – D, 18 E – F). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3AFFA0FF6AFF10FAA4FC41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The subspecies can be distinguished from the nominate one by 7 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 173 C, 227 T, 356 G, 371 A, 575 T, 581 A, 596 C. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 6 C – D): Wingspan 89 – 94 mm, forewing length 51 – 58 mm (n = 4). Head light yellow or light creamy. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown. Labial palp very short (its length ca. 0.25 of eye diameter), red-brown, with yellow apex. Thorax yellow, anteriorly reddish-brown and having sparse white scales. Patagium brown with sparse white scales. Tegula yellow, reddish-brown at base, with sparse white scales. Legs yellow, tarsus and tibia red-brown. Abdomen yellow, with unclear reddish spots laterally (spots may absent in some specimens).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3BFFA1FF6AFE06FD81FDF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Xieng Khouang Province (Testout 1936; Kishida et al. 2020) and Luang Prabang Province (Kishida et al. 2020).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFF10FD26FDA8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Louang Namtha Province, Houaphan Province, and Xieng Khouang Province (BOLD).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFF10FD26FDA8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) Although there are no reports on records of Actias australovietnama Brechlin, 2000 from Laos, the sequences of this species from three Laotian provinces are uploaded to BOLD. (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SPRBA 025 - 08). (3) A. australovietnama seems to be a junior synonym of Actias laotiana Testout, 1936 since they are morphologically similar (see Brechlin 2000 and Testout 1936). Thus, the sequences of the specimens from Xieng Khouang may belong to the topotypes of A. laotiana.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFDAFFC35FC9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Houaphan Province (BOLD).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFDAFFC35FC9A.taxon	discussion	Remark. Although there are no reports on records of Actias chapae (Mell, 1950) from Laos, the sequences and the photos of this species from Laotian province, Houaphan Province are uploaded to BOLD (sample IDs SASNC 4368 - 20 and SASNC 4369 - 20).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA7FF6AF999FF59FE85.taxon	description	Figs 7 D, 19 B	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA7FF6AF999FF59FE85.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 26 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA7FF6AF999FF59FE85.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Champasak Province, Sekong Province, and Attapu Province (Naumann et al. 2017). Reference COI barcode sequence. GenBank acc. no. PV 069501.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA7FF6AF999FF59FE85.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) Actias laovieta Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2017 is morphologically similar to Actias selene (Hübner, [1807]) and Actias ningpoana C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 and cannot reliably be identified only by means of morphological features. (2) A. laovieta is known from central and southern Vietnam (Lam Dong and Thua Thien Hue provinces) and southern Laos (Champasak, Sekong, and Attapu provinces) (Naumann et al. 2017). (3) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SASNA 877 - 09). (4) The male genitalia of A. laovieta are illustrated for the first time (Fig. 19 B).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFC7EFD6DF9A5.taxon	description	Figs 7 A – C, 19 A	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFC7EFD6DF9A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 10 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 15 – 16.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFC7EFD6DF9A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020), Luang Namtha Province (Brosch et al. 1999), Xieng Khouang Province (?) (Kishida et al. 2020), and Phongsaly Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069575, PV 069592, PV 069593.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3CFFA6FF6AFC7EFD6DF9A5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Phongsaly Province. (2) Actias selene (Hübner, [1807]) is morphologically very similar to Actias ningpoana C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862. We assume A. ningpoana to be occurring in Laos, but it is yet to be confirmed. Therefore, correct identification of A. selene requires using only the DNA barcoding. Based on our material and available sequence data obtained with BOLD, A. selene reliably occurs in two Laotian provinces — Phongsaly (this study) and Luang Prabang (BOLD sample ID SASNA 876 - 09).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3DFFA4FF6AFAF4FDC9FC9A.taxon	description	= Antheraea chengtuana Watson, 1923	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3DFFA4FF6AFAF4FDC9FC9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Sekong Province, Thateng town, mountain tropical forest, 15 ° 24 ' 16 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 58 " E, 21 – 25.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 25 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3DFFA4FF6AFAF4FDC9FC9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Paukstadt & Paukstadt 2013), Louang Namtha Province, Vientiane Province, Boli Kham Xai Province (BOLD), Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020), Phongsaly Province, Champasak Province, and Sekong Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069504 – PV 069505.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3DFFA4FF6AFAF4FDC9FC9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first records from Phongsaly, Champasak, and Sekong provinces. (2) To this day, Antheraea assamensis (Helfer, 1837) is reliably known to be occurring in the following provinces of Laos: Phongsaly, Champasak, Sekong (this study), Louang Namtha (BOLD sample ID SASNA 061 - 08), Vientiane (BOLD sample ID SASNA 062 - 08), Boli Kham Xai (the sequence of the specimen from this province is presented in BOLD and incorrectly named as “ Antheraea castanea ”), Luang Prabang (the sequence of the specimen from this province is presented in BOLD and named as “ Antheraea inthanonensis ”), and Xieng Khouang (Kishida et al. 2020). Antheraea castanea Jordan, 1910 appears to be the only valid species in Indochina which A. assamensis can be confused with and has a COI p - distance of approximately 5 % from the latter. The records of “ Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) castanea Jordan, 1910 [?] ” from Louang Namtha and Luang Prabang provinces (Brosch et al. 1999), “ Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) sp. near youngi Watson, 1915 ” from Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli & Racheli 2006), and “ Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) sp. near castanea Jordan, 1910 / youngi Watson, 1915 ” from Luang Prabang Province (Racheli et al. 2008), in all probability, belong to A. assamensis. (3) Antheraea inthanonensis Paukstadt & Paukstadt, 2013 and Antheraea tenasserimensis Paukstadt & Paukstadt, 2013 display no clear morphological differences from A. assamensis. Moreover, the topotypes of A. assamensis have minimum COI p - distances of 0.6 % and 0.3 % from the holotype of A. inthanonensis (BOLD sample ID SAUPA 580 - 10) and the holotype of A. tenasserimensis (BOLD sample ID SAUPA 577 - 10), respectively. Due to these reasons, Antheraea inthanonensis Paukstadt & Paukstadt, 2013 syn. nov. [TL: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon] and Antheraea tenasserimensis Paukstadt & Paukstadt, 2013 syn. nov. [TL: Thailand, southern region, Ranong] are considered as junior synonyms of Antheraea assamensis (Helfer, 1837) in the present study. (4) We assume A. castanea to be occurring in Laos, but it is yet to be confirmed.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFA33FC28F81F.taxon	description	Figs 8 D, 19 G	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFA33FC28F81F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFA33FC28F81F.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Kishida et al. 2020) and Phongsaly Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequence. GenBank acc. no. PV 069539.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFA33FC28F81F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Phongsaly Province. (2) Previously, the findings of Antheraea lampei Nässig & Holloway, 1989 from Laos were incorrectly identified as “ Antheraea roylei Moore, 1859 ” (Brosch et al. 1999; Kishida et al. 2020; BOLD) or as “ Antheraea roylii ”. (3) A. lampei has a range from Sumatra (the type locality) and Borneo in the south to Myanmar, China (Yunnan Province), Laos, and Vietnam in the north. In Laos it can be confused with an externally very similar species, Antheraea vietnamensis Brechlin & Paukstadt, 2010.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFC5CFEB6FB75.taxon	description	Figs 8 C, 20 A	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFC5CFEB6FB75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Attopu Province, tropical forest, 14 ° 44 ' 08 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 17 " E, 10 – 17.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFC5CFEB6FB75.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999) and Attopu Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequence. GenBank acc. no. PV 069502.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFC5CFEB6FB75.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first record from the south of Laos (Attopu Province) and the second country record.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3EFFA4FF6AFAC9FA97FA3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Paukstadt et al. 1999; Brosch et al. 1999). Remark. BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SAUPA 011 - 09).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3FFFBAFF6AF905FDB2FCBB.taxon	description	Figs 8 E – F, 19 H	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3FFFBAFF6AF905FDB2FCBB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 25 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂, 1 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3FFFBAFF6AF905FDB2FCBB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Champasak Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069503, PV 069506.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D3FFFBAFF6AF905FDB2FCBB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Laos. (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SARBB 1064 - 09). (3) The description of this species was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Bolaven Plateau, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of the adults of both sexes and the male genitalia (Figs 8 E – F, 19 H). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 8 E): Wingspan 149 mm, forewing length 86 mm (n = 1). Head brown, greyish-white at base of antenna and having two thin light brown lines along eyes (one along each eye). Eye black-brown. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown. Labial palp very short (its length ca. 0.25 of eye diameter), dark brown. Thorax brown with dark brown band anteriorly. Patagium grey-brown with admixture of white scales. Tegula brown, dark grey-brown at base and having sparse white scales. Legs brown. Abdomen brown. Female morphology (Fig. 8 F): Wingspan 163 mm, forewing length 95 mm (n = 1). Head brown, lighter at base of antenna and having two thin light brown lines along eyes (one along each eye). Eye olive-brown. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown; rami significantly shorter than in males. Labial palp very short (its length ca. 0.5 of eye diameter), dark brown. Thorax red-brown with dark brown band anteriorly. Patagium grey-brown with admixture of white scales. Tegula red-brown, dark grey-brown at base and having sparse white scales. Legs red-brown. Abdomen red-brown.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFCB2FC26FB16.taxon	description	Figs 8 G – H, 20 B	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFCB2FC26FB16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFCB2FC26FB16.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008), and Phongsaly Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069540, PV 069541.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFCB2FC26FB16.taxon	discussion	Remark. The first record from Phongsaly Province.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFAC9FB1AF85B.taxon	description	Figs 8 I – J, 19 E – F	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFAC9FB1AF85B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Attopu Province, tropical forest, 14 ° 44 ' 08 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 17 " E, 10 – 17.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 8 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFAC9FB1AF85B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Bolikhamxai Province (Paukstadt & van Schayck 2022) and Attopu Province (this study).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D20FFBAFF6AFAC9FB1AF85B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The second record from Laos. (2) It should be noted that this taxon cannot be considered as a separate species. It has a COI p - distance of 2.79 – 3.49 % from Antheraea larissa (Westwood, 1847) endemic to Java (the record from the south of Kalimantan mentioned in Paukstadt & van Schayck’s work (2022) requires confirmation), whereas COI p - distance from populations inhabiting Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula is 1.22 – 2.44 %. Antheraea ridlyi Moore, 1892 stat. rev. [TL: N. Borneo] is the oldest available name applied to these populations. Taking into account insignificant morphological differences, minimum genetic distance of 1.22 %, and disjunct distribution, the Indochinese taxon should be considered as a separate subspecies, Antheraea ridlyi siriae Paukstadt & van Schayck, 2022 comb. nov. & stat. rev. The subspecies differs from the nominate one by 5 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment. (3) COI p - distance between A. ridlyi stat. rev. and A. larissa is 2.27 – 3.49 %. Hence, A. ridlyi stat. rev. should be considered as a valid species and not as a synonym or subspecies of A. larissa. (4) Since Antheraea larissa palawarissa Brechlin, 2014 is phylogenetically close to A. ridlyi stat. rev. (minimum COI p - distance between them is 0.68 %), it is considered here as a subspecies of the latter — Antheraea ridlyi palawarissa Brechlin, 2014 comb. nov. Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069507, PV 069508.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D21FFB8FF6AF92BFD37FBAF.taxon	description	Figs 9, 10 A – D, 20 C – D	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D21FFB8FF6AF92BFD37FBAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 16 – 17.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Sekong Province, Thateng town, mountain tropical forest, 15 ° 24 ' 16 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 58 " E, 21 – 25.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 29.07 – 02.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂, 6 ♀; the same locality and collectors, 06 – 09.08.2024 – 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 9 ♂, 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 9 ♂, 2 ♀; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 6 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 02 – 06.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 5 ♂, 1 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D21FFB8FF6AF92BFD37FBAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Namtha Province (Brosch et al. 1999), Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; BOLD), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008), Vientiane Province, Attapu Province (Peigler & Naumann 2016; BOLD), Phongsaly Province, Champasak Province, and Sekong Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069509, PV 069511, PV 069553 – PV 069556, PV 291854.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D21FFB8FF6AF92BFD37FBAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first records from Phongsaly, Champasak, and Sekong provinces. (2) Previously, the species was recorded as “ Antheraea larissoides Bouvier, 1928 ” (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008). (3) Antheraea larissoides Bouvier, 1928 can be treated neither as a valid species nor as a subspecies of Antheraea frithi Moore, 1859 [TL: India, Darjeeling]. Firstly, COI p - distance between the Indochinese populations and the topotypes of this species ranges from 0.46 % to 1.50 %. Secondly, in Peigler & Naumann’s (2016) phylogenetic tree construction only three sequences of A. larissoides which differ by approximately 1.5 % from A. frithi were used. Therefore, A. larissoides seemed as a valid taxon. Due to these reasons, Antheraea larissoides Bouvier, 1928 syn. nov. is considered as a junior synonym of Antheraea frithi Moore, 1859 in the present study. (4) A. frithi can be distinguished from mainland subspecies of Antheraea tonkinensis Bouvier, 1936 by the wider apical part of the process of the juxta (this feature is indicated by the red arrow in Fig. 20 C – D) and the wider translucent part of the forewing ocellus.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D22FFB9FF6AFBA0FD45FE6C.taxon	description	Figs 10 E – H, 20 E	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D22FFB9FF6AFBA0FD45FE6C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Attopu Province, tropical forest, 14 ° 44 ' 08 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 17 " E, 10 – 17.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♀; 2 ♂ reared from eggs of wild females collected in Attopu Province. VIETNAM: Song Tranh- 2, Reserv. Dam., tropical forest, 15 ° 19 ' 42 " N, 108 ° 08 ' 58 " E, 09 – 20.11.2013, G. Antonovskaya leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D22FFB9FF6AFBA0FD45FE6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Attapu Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069512, PV 069513 (Laos), PV 069533 (Vietnam).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D22FFB9FF6AFBA0FD45FE6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Laos. Previously, the subspecies was known only from Vietnam (Lam Dong, Kon Tum, Quang Ngai, Quang Nam, and Thua Thien Hue provinces) (Naumann et al. 2017). (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SASNC 3353 - 15). (3) Antheraea luteofrithi Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2017 is phylogenetically close to Antheraea tonkinensis Bouvier, 1936 and Antheraea harndti Naumann, 1999. It has COI p - distances of 1.22 – 1.58 % and a little over 1 %, respectively, from the two species. Meanwhile, COI p - distance between A. luteofrithi and A. frithi is more than 3.5 %. Obviously, these species cannot be reliably identified based on wing pattern due to the high variability. In the original description, Naumann et at. (2017) noted that A. luteofrithi and A. tonkinensis differ from each other in the male genitalia, neither mentioning nor illustrating the differences. Our comparison of the male genitalia of these species revealed that they display no clear differences (see Fig. 20 E – F). Moreover, Naumann et at. (2017) mentioned the presence of COI divergence between them, but did not indicate that A. luteofrithi shows 1.22 – 1.58 % divergence from A. tonkinensis. This distance is lower than 2 % threshold established for species delimitation. Based on the lack of clear morphological features and the low genetic distance, Antheraea tonkinensis luteofrithi comb. nov. & stat. rev. is considered here as a southern subspecies of A. tonkinensis distributed in southern and central Vietnam and southern Laos. It should be noted that this subspecies and the nominate one may sympatrically occur in central Vietnam. Furthermore, in the present study, Antheraea tonkinensis harndti Naumann, 1999 comb. nov. & stat. rev. is also treated as a subspecies of A. tonkinensis which occurs in Hainan. Minimum COI p - distance between these taxa is 1.06 %. In the figure presented in the original description (Naumann 1999), the male genitalia of A. tonkinensis harndti comb. nov. & stat. rev. are having the wider apical part of the process of the juxta compared to the nominate subspecies and A. tonkinensis luteofrithi comb. nov. & stat. rev. This could be a consequence of longer boiling of preparation of the genitalia and stronger compression, that may be why the process of the juxta lost its original shape. (4) The male genitalia of A. tonkinensis luteofrithi comb. nov. & stat. rev. are illustrated for the first time (Fig. 20 E).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFF10FC93FBEC.taxon	description	Figs 10 I – J, 20 G – H	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFF10FC93FBEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Sekong Province, Lamam town, dry monsoon forest, 15 ° 21 ' 39 " N, 106 ° 42 ' 45 " E, 25 – 27.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂. THAILAND: Loei Province, dry mountain monsoon forest with bamboo patches, 17 ° 06 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 37 ' 09 " E, 08 – 09.04.2014, V. Spitsyn & I. Bolotov leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFF10FC93FBEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Sekong Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069510 (Laos), PV 069534 (Thailand).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFF10FC93FBEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first records from Laos and Thailand. Previously, the species was known only from its type locality (Kiriom National Park, Cambodia). (2) Antheraea angustomarginata Brechlin & Meister, 2009 seems to be a junior synonym of Antheraea gephyra Niepelt, 1926, but its taxonomic status requires further studies. (3) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SARBA 362 - 08), it enabled our specimens to be accurately identified. (4) The description of this species was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Laos and Thailand, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of external and genital morphology of the male specimens (Figs 10 I – J, 20 G – H). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 10 I – J): Wingspan 99 – 110 mm, forewing length 58 – 60 mm (n = 2). Head light brown, slightly covered with pink scales at base of antenna. Eye black-olive. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown. Labial palp short (its length ca. 0.5 of eye diameter), red-brown. Thorax orange-brown or light brown and having grey band anteriorly (overlapped by tegulae), pinkish ventrally. Patagium grey with intense white suffusion. Tegula pale yellow-orange or light brown, dark grey with intense white suffusion basally. Legs red-brown or light grey-brown with pink suffusion. Abdomen orange-brown, pinkish ventrally.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFB63FC35F90D.taxon	description	Figs 11 A – D, 21 A – B	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFB63FC35F90D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 29.07 – 02.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 06 – 09.08.2024 – 3 ♂, 2 ♀; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 3 ♂. Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069576 – PV 069578.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFB63FC35F90D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020), Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008), and Phongsaly Province (this study).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBEFF6AFB63FC35F90D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Phongsaly Province. (2) Kishida et al. (2020) incorrectly identified the species from Laos as “ Cricula andrei Jordan, 1909 ”. The latter species is known from India, Bhutan, and Myanmar. Since COI p - distance between C. andrei and Cricula jordani Bryk, 1944 is more than 2.5 % both species should be considered as valid.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBFFF6AF921FE13FD88.taxon	description	Figs 11 E – H, 21 C – D	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBFFF6AF921FE13FD88.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Champasak Province, dry monsoon forest, 14 ° 36 ' 26 " N, 105 ° 53 ' 55 " E, 18 – 21.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 25 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBFFF6AF921FE13FD88.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Kishida et al. 2020), Phongsaly Province, and Champasak Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069514 – PV 069516, PV 069579, PV 069580.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D24FFBFFF6AF921FE13FD88.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first records from Phongsaly and Champasak provinces. The species is reported from the south of Laos for the first time. (2) Based on doubtful morphological differences and insignificant genetic distance, Cricula andamanica Jordan, 1909 syn. nov. is considered here as a junior synonym of Cricula trifenestrata (Helfer, 1837). COI p - distance between C. trifenestrata and C. andamanica is 0.6 %.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D25FFBDFF6AF89FFE42FD32.taxon	description	Figs 12, 21 E – F	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D25FFBDFF6AF89FFE42FD32.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male RMBH Sph 1379 LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 29.07 – 02.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. Paratypes Sph 1380 – Sph 1387, Sph 1400 – Sph 1403 LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 29.07 – 02.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♀; the same locality and collectors, 06 – 09.08.2024 – 1 ♂, 19 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 02 – 05.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♀; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 2 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D25FFBDFF6AF89FFE42FD32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be distinguished by small size and specific dark brown wing colouration. Due to the high variability of wing pattern, correct identification of females requires using only the DNA barcoding. The new species is a sister species to Cricula sokola Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2017 and has a COI p - distance of 3.06 % from the latter.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D25FFBDFF6AF89FFE42FD32.taxon	description	Description. Male morphology (Fig. 12 A – C): Wingspan 48 – 53 mm, forewing length 28 – 30 mm (n = 3). Head brown. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, brown. Labial palp short (its length less than one of eye diameter), brown. Thorax, patagium, tegula, legs brown. Forewing with elongated apex. Upperside of forewing brown, with irregularly zigzagged antemedial line and straight black-brown postmedial line; subterminal area with one or three transparent spots edged with black scales and one or two black spots at costal margin; marginal area with dark suffusion. Pattern of forewing underside similar to upperside, but somewhat lighter. Upperside of hindwing brown, with straight black-brown antemedial line and wavy black-brown postmedial line; subterminal area with one black spot. Underside of hindwing lighter than upperside; antemedial line slightly curved, diffuse, situated somewhat close to basal area; postmedial line wavy, indistinct, somewhat close to outer margin. Abdomen brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 21 E – F): Uncus bifurcated. Gnathos large, m-shaped. Juxta well-sclerotised with Yshaped process. Valva with narrow apex and large saccular process. Aedeagus straight. Vesica with four large diverticula bearing large sclerite each at apex. Female morphology (Fig. 12 D – I): Wingspan 51 – 69 mm, forewing length 32 – 40 mm (n = 27). Pattern and colouration of wings, size highly variable (see Fig. 12 D – I).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D25FFBDFF6AF89FFE42FD32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Laos (Phongsaly Province). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069581 – PV 069589, PV 069594 – PV 069597.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D25FFBDFF6AF89FFE42FD32.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the late Valentin Iosifovich Gaft (1935 – 2020), a prominent Russian actor.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	description	Figs 13 C – G, 14, 22 C – E	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male RMBH Sph 1342 LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. Paratypes RMBH Sph 1162, Sph 1340, Sph 1343, Sph 1404 – 1407, Sph 1430 – 1445 LAOS: Luang Namtha Province, Viangphoukha town, tropical forest, 20 ° 40 ' 58 " N, 101 ° 03 ' 28 " E, 23.05.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 7 ♂, 4 ♀; Phongsaly Province, Boun Neua town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 23 " N, 101 ° 55 ' 36 " E, 02 – 05.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 15 – 16.08.2024 – 2 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 2 ♂, 3 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lemaireia gulo sp. nov. is morphologically very similar to Lemaireia aureopeplus Nässig & Holloway stat. rev. but can easily be distinguished by 12 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 32 T, 56 A, 104 T, 134 T, 218 T, 350 G, 380 T, 401 C, 416 A, 464 C, 548 C, 629 A. In the male genitalia of L. gulo sp. nov., the apical process of the valva is somewhat shorter than in L. aureopeplus stat. rev. and significantly longer than in Lemaireia luteopeplus Nässig & Holloway, 1988 and Lemaireia daparo Jiang, Wang, Miu & Guo, 2021. The sclerotised plate covered with large spines in the apical part of the new species’ vesica is usually flatter and less massive than in L. aureopeplus stat. rev. Additionally, the aedeagus of the new species bears dorsal apical plates, which are shorter and having less spines than L. aureopeplus stat. rev.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	description	Description. Male morphology (Fig. 13 C, E, G): Wingspan 60 – 71 mm, forewing length 34 – 42 mm (n = 16). Head yellow with red-violet band around each eye. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, yellow-brown. Labial palp short (its length less than one of eye diameter), red-violet, yellow apically. Proboscis yellow, bifurcated, covered with long setae. Thorax yellow-lilac. Patagium lilac. Tegula yellow-lilac. Legs yellow, inner surface of fore-legs with admixture of pinkish scales (pinkish colouration may absent in some specimens). Wing colouration typical for genus Lemaireia Nassig & Holloway, 1988. Abdomen yellow-orange with lilac suffusion dorsally and laterally, yellow-lilac ventrally. Male genitalia (Fig. 22 C – E): Typical for Lemaireia luteopeplus species-group. Tegumen broad. Uncus broad, large. Valva wide, tapered apically; apical process relatively short, well-sclerotised; saccular process well-developed. Juxta large, well-sclerotised, with two very large triangular processes. Aedeagus short, very broad, apically having large plates covered with spines. Vesica having large and narrow plate covered with large spines. Female morphology (Fig. 13 D, F): Wingspan 69 – 77 mm, forewing length 40 – 46 mm (n = 8). Similar to male, but having significantly wider wings and shorter rami of antennae. Red-violet line around each eye divided into bunches of long violet scales.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Laos, southern China (Yunnan and Sichuan provinces (? )), and northern Vietnam (Cao Bang Province) (this study; BOLD). Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020), Vientiane Province, Oudomxai Province, Houaphan Province, (BOLD), Luang Namtha Province, and Phongsaly Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069538, PV 069543, PV 069545, PV 069546, PV 069598 – PV 069601, PV 069605.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The record from Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli et al. 2008) may belong to Lemaireia mediovietnama Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2017 endemic to the Central Annamites. This species was described from Huong Son District (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam) bordering Boli Kham Xai Province. (2) To this day, the genetic distance between L. luteopeplus [TL: India, “ Khasia Hills. Assam ”] and L. aureopeplus stat. rev. [TL: Myanmar, “ Karen Hill ”] remains unknown. However, we presume it should be more than interspecific threshold of 2 % as they display more significant differences in the male genitalia (see Figs 11 – 12 presented in Nässig & Holloway (1988 )) than L. aureopeplus stat. rev. and Lemaireia himalayana Naumann & Smetacek, 2021 (see Figs 7 – 11 presented in Naumann & Smetacek (2021 )) and than L. aureopeplus stat. rev. and L. gulo sp. nov. Thus, L. aureopeplus stat. rev. should be considered as a separate species and not as a subspecies of L. luteopeplus. The COI sequence presented in BOLD with a sample ID SASNB 378 - 09 (Kachin, Myanmar) may belong to L. luteopeplus and has COI p - distances of 2.3 % from L. aureopeplus stat. rev., and of 2.9 % from L. himalayana, and of 2.1 % from L. gulo sp. nov. (3) The distribution of the taxa of the Lemaireia luteopeplus species-group is studied insufficiently. L. luteopeplus occurs in northeastern India and probably Myanmar (Nässig & Holloway 1988; Naumann & Smetacek 2021), L. himalayana — in Myanmar and northeastern India (Naumann & Smetacek 2021), L. daparo — in China (northern Yunnan and Sichuan provinces) (Jiang et al. 2021), L. gulo sp. nov. — in northern Laos, southern China (Yunnan and Sichuan provinces), and northern Vietnam, and, finally, L. aureopeplus — in eastern Myanmar and northwestern Thailand. The ranges of L. gulo sp. nov. and L. aureopeplus stat. rev. seem to be divided by Mekong River: L. gulo sp. nov. is distributed to the east of the Mekong, whereas L. aureopeplus stat. rev. — in mountain regions to the west of the Mekong. BOLD contains two COI sequences of L. aureopeplus stat. rev. from China, collection data of which is questionable. (4) According to the data on the distribution of Lemaireia species in China provided by Jiang et al. (2021), L. gulo sp. nov. (“ L. luteopeplus aureopeplus ” in Jiang et al. ’ s work (2021 )) inhabits only southern and western borders of Yunnan Province, while L. daparo — northern Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. However, BOLD contains two COI sequences from Sichuan Province belonging to L. gulo sp. nov. and identified as “ L. luteopeplus ” and “ Lemaireia sp. ” Hence, if the collection data of these samples is correct, L. daparo and L. gulo sp. nov. can occur sympatrically.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D27FFB2FF6AFCD6FE2BFA18.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the covered with large spines and situated in the apical part of the vesica sclerotised plate, which is reminiscent of clawed foot of Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D28FFB3FF6AF9DDFAC6FDA9.taxon	description	Figs 13 H, 14, 22 F	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D28FFB3FF6AF9DDFAC6FDA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male RMBH Sph 1341 LAOS: Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D28FFB3FF6AF9DDFAC6FDA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lemaireia cheshiri sp. nov. is highly divergent from all known species in the genus Lemaireia and has COI p - distances of more than 3.5 % from the Lemaireia luteopeplus species-group and of more than 5.5 % from the Lemaireia inexspectata species-group (Fig. 14). The new species differs from others in Lemaireia luteopeplus species-group in the valva structure, namely the presence of a rounded apex lacking the apical process and of a large triangular curved inwards costal apical process.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D28FFB3FF6AF9DDFAC6FDA9.taxon	description	Description. Male morphology (Fig. 13 H): Wingspan 66 mm, forewing length 39 mm (n = 1). Head yellow with red-violet narrow band around each eye. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, yellow-brown. Labial palp short (its length less than one of eye diameter), red-brown, yellow apically. Thorax yellow-lilac. Patagium lilac. Tegula yellow-lilac. Legs yellow. Wing colouration typical for genus Lemaireia Nassig & Holloway, 1988. Abdomen yellow-lilac. Male genitalia (Fig. 22 F): Tegumen broad, U-shaped. Uncus broad, large, curved, somewhat tapered basally. Valva wide with triangular costal apical process curved inwards and rounded apex; saccular process relatively short. Juxta large, well-sclerotised, with two very large processes. Aedeagus short, apically having plate covered with spines. Vesica having large plate covered with spines.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D28FFB3FF6AF9DDFAC6FDA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Laos and northern Vietnam (Yen Bai Province) (this study; BOLD). Distribution in Laos. Phongsaly Province (this study) and Houaphan Province (BOLD). Reference COI barcode sequence. GenBank acc. no. PV 069544.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D28FFB3FF6AF9DDFAC6FDA9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named as “ cheshiri ” due to its elusiveness. The specific epithet refers to the Cheshire Cat, a character in Lewis Carroll’s novel “ Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland ”.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2AFFB1FF6AFAA4FBD7FC9A.taxon	description	Figs 15 A – D, 23 A – B	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2AFFB1FF6AFAA4FBD7FC9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Vientiane Province, Phatang village, mountain forest, 19 ° 03 ' 52 " N, 102 ° 25 ' 41 " E, 22 – 28.04.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 9 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 12 – 13.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂. VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc Province, Phuc Yen District, Ngoc Thanh Commune, Me Linh Station, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 23 ' 03 " N, 105 ° 42 ' 44 " E, 01 – 13.04.2016, V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂. THAILAND: Mae Hong Son Province, Mueang Mae Hong Son District, Ban Na Pa Paek village, 19 ° 32 ' 07 " N, 97 ° 55 ' 03 " E, h = 950 m, 22 – 28.07.2024, A. E. Kostyunin leg. – 2 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2AFFB1FF6AFAA4FBD7FC9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020; BOLD), Luang Namtha Province (Brosch et al. 1999), Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020), Houaphan Province, Khammouan Province (BOLD), Phongsaly Province, and Vientiane Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069535, PV 069547 – PV 069549 (Laos), PV 069536 (Vietnam), PV 069603, PV 069604 (Thailand).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2AFFB1FF6AFAA4FBD7FC9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first records from Phongsaly and Vientiane provinces. (2) Previously, the species was recorded as “ Loepa sikkima Moore, 1865 ” (Brosch et al. 1999; Racheli et al. 2008; Kishida et al. 2020). (3) The record of the species from Bolaven Plateau (Champasak Province) published by Kishida et al. (2020), in all probability, belong to Loepa peggyae bolovena ssp. nov. (4) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SARBA 685 - 09). (5) The description of this species was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Phongsaly and Vientiane provinces, as well as on the single specimen from Vietnam and the two specimens from Thailand, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of external and genital morphology of the male specimens (Figs 15 A – D, 23 A – B). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2AFFB1FF6AFAA4FBD7FC9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. L. siamensis can be distinguished from Loepa katinka (Westwood, 1847) by 34 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 5 C, 59 G, 122 C, 134 C, 167 G, 200 A, 203 T, 212 G, 266 A, 269 T, 282 A, 288 C, 305 T, 338 T, 356 T, 392 A, 416 A, 425 T, 434 T, 437 C, 461 C, 464 C, 488 C, 506 C, 533 T, 545 T, 548 T, 563 A / G, 575 C, 608 C, 623 A / G, 626 T, 635 T, 659 C. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 15 A – D): Wingspan 62 – 73 mm, forewing length 41 – 45 mm (n = 15). Head yellow with brown scales around eyes. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, brown. Labial palp short (its length less than one of eye diameter), purple-brown. Thorax yellow. Patagium grey-lilac or grey. Tegula yellow, lilac basally. Outer surface of legs pink-lilac, inner surface of ones yellow. Abdomen yellow with one row of brown-purple spots dorsally, two rows of brown-purple spots laterally (two from each side), and two rows of grey spots ventrally.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2BFFB1FF6AFC7FFAFCF830.taxon	description	Figs 15 E – F, 23 C – D	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2BFFB1FF6AFC7FFAFCF830.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Attopu Province, tropical forest, 14 ° 44 ' 08 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 17 " E, 08 – 15.12.2022, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 2 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2BFFB1FF6AFC7FFAFCF830.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Attopu Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069494, PV 069495.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2BFFB1FF6AFC7FFAFCF830.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Laos. (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SARBA 751 - 09). (3) The paratypes of Loepa peggyae peggyae Brechlin, 2010 presented in BOLD (sample IDs SAUPA 276 - 10 and SAUPA 277 - 10) actually belong to Loepa siamensis Brechlin, 2010. (4) The species is very morphologically similar to Loepa katinka Westwood, 1847 and Loepa siamensis Brechlin, 2010, and it could not be distinguished from the latter by even its author. In the examined male genitalia of L. peggyae, the spinulose apical process of the aedeagus is larger than in specimens of L. siamensis from Laos. However, further research is required to establish if these species can reliably differ from each other based on this feature. Thus, DNA barcoding currently remains the only method for their accurate identification. (5) The description of this species was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Attopu Province, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of external and genital morphology of the male specimens (Figs 15 E – F, 23 C – D). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2BFFB1FF6AFC7FFAFCF830.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. L. peggyae can be distinguished from L. siamensis by 34 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 4 T, 26 C, 59 A, 60 T, 86 A, 122 T, 167 A, 200 G, 203 C, 212 A, 213 C, 215 C, 288 T, 317 A, 323 T, 362 C, 365 A, 386 C, 395 C, 402 T, 425 A, 434 A, 437 T, 461 T, 488 T, 501 T, 506 T, 515 T, 582 C, 611 T, 620 A, 623 T, 626 A, 659 T. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 15 E – F): Wingspan 70 – 74 mm, forewing length 42 – 45 mm (n = 2). Head yellow with black-brown scales around eyes. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, brown. Labial palp short (its length less than one of eye diameter), purple-brown. Thorax yellow. Patagium light purple. Tegula yellow, light purple basally. Outer surface of legs pinkpurplish, inner surface of ones yellow. Abdomen yellow, with one row of brown-purple spots dorsally, two rows of brown-purple spots laterally (two from each side), and two rows of grey spots ventrally.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFA31FE55F9C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999) and Boli Kham Xai Province (Racheli & Racheli 2006).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	description	Figs 15 G – J, 23 E – F	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Isolated populations of Loepa peggyae Brechlin, 2010 from Bolaven Plateau is described here as a new subspecies, Loepa peggyae bolovena ssp. nov. It represents a highly divergent lineage, which has a minimum COI p - distance of 0.94 % from the nominate one. Meanwhile, COI p - distance between the latter and Loepa peggyae hainanensis Brechlin, 2010 is 0.74 %. It should be noted that L. peggyae bolovena ssp. nov. and L. peggyae hainanensis occur at higher altitudes (the holotype of L. peggyae hainanensis was collected at an altitude of 1,500 m, whereas the holotype of L. peggyae bolovena ssp. nov. — at an altitude of 1,300 m) compared to the nominate subspecies (150 – 200 m altitude in Attopu Province). L. peggyae bolovena ssp. nov. has a COI p - distance of 0.94 – 1.5 % from both L. peggyae peggyae and L. peggyae hainanensis.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male RMBH Sph 1086 LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Sekong Province, Thateng town, mountain tropical forest, 15 ° 24 ' 16 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 58 " E, 21 – 25.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. Paratypes RMBH Sph 1085, Sph 1446 – 1453 LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Sekong Province, Thateng town, mountain tropical forest, 15 ° 24 ' 16 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 58 " E, 21 – 25.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 1 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 26 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 8 ♂, 1 ♀.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new subspecies can easily be distinguished by its restricted range. It differs from the nominate one in the straight saccular margin of the apical part of the valva and the larger bifurcated apex of the uncus. The new subspecies has a COI p - distance of 0.94 – 1.5 % from both L. peggyae peggyae and L. peggyae hainanensis.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	description	Description. Male morphology (Fig. 15 G – I): Wingspan 64 – 74 mm, forewing length 41 – 45 mm (n = 9). Head yellow with black-brown scales around eyes. Eye black. Antenna quadripectinate, brown. Labial palp short (its length less than one of eye diameter), purple-brown or brown. Thorax yellow. Patagium grey. Tegula yellow, grey basally. Outer surface of legs deep pink-purple, inner surface of ones yellow. Wing colouration typical for Loepa katinka species-group. Abdomen yellow, with one row of brown-purple spots dorsally, two rows of brown-purple spots laterally (two from each side), and two rows of grey spots ventrally. Male genitalia (Fig. 23 E – F): Typical for Loepa katinka species-group. Tegumen broad, short. Uncus straight with bifurcated apex. Saccus elongated, U-shaped. Juxta Ushaped. Valva wide with rounded apex; saccular process large. Aedeagus long, straight, with large spine in apical part. Female morphology (Fig. 15 J): Wingspan 76 mm, forewing length 41 mm (n = 1). Similar to male, but having significantly wider wings and shorter rami of antennae. Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069492, PV 069493.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Bolaven Plateau (Laos).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB7FF6AFF11FAD0FA3D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new subspecies is derived from its type locality, Bolaven Plateau.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB4FF6AF97BFAD5FDF5.taxon	description	Figs 16 A – B, 23 G – H	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB4FF6AF97BFAD5FDF5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Phongsaly Province, Yot Ou village, mountain tropical forest, 22 ° 08 ' 45 " N, 101 ° 48 ' 13 " E, 25 – 28.07.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, Phongsaly town, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 41 ' 34 " N, 102 ° 06 ' 19 " E, 06 – 09.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 1 ♂; Phongsaly Province, mountain tropical forest, 21 ° 37 ' 18 " N, 101 ° 57 ' 06 " E, 03 – 04.08.2024, V. Spitsyn & E. Spitsyna leg. – 2 ♂; the same locality and collectors, 12 – 13.08.2024 – 3 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB4FF6AF97BFAD5FDF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Phongsaly Province, Luang Prabang Province, Sainyabuli Province, Vientiane Province, and Houaphanh Province (Naumann et al. 2008; this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069550 – PV 069552.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2DFFB4FF6AF97BFAD5FDF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The species reliably occurs in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand (Chiang Mai Province), and Bhutan (BOLD). (2) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SASNB 139 - 09). (3) Since the type series of Loepa diffunorientalis Brechlin, 2010 contains the specimens of Loepa diffundata Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2008 (BOLD sample IDs SARBC 211 - 10, SARBC 213 - 10, and SARBC 214 - 10), these species cannot be accurately distinguished from each other by morphological features, in all probability. (3) COI p - distance between L. diffundata and the topotypes of Loepa kuangtungensis Mell, 1939 is 1.2 %. Also, there are intermediate haplotypes between them. Thus, L. diffundata appears to be subspecies of L. kuangtungensis, and its taxonomic status requires further studies. (4) Previously, L. diffundata from Laos was incorrectly identified as “ Loepa diversiocellata Bryk, 1944 ” (Brosch et al. 1999; Kishida et al. 2020). According to Naumann et al. (2008), L. diversiocellata is a junior synonym of Loepa katinka (Westwood, 1847) which does not occur in Laos.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2EFF89FF6AFA0DFDA3F84B.taxon	description	Figs 16 C – D, 23 I – J	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2EFF89FF6AFA0DFDA3F84B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LAOS: Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Paksong town, mountain tropical forest and pine plantations, 15 ° 10 ' 54 " N, 106 ° 14 ' 25 " E, 25 – 28.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 6 ♂; Bolaven Plateau, Sekong Province, Thateng town, mountain tropical forest, 15 ° 24 ' 16 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 58 " E, 21 – 25.07.2023, E. Spitsyna & V. Spitsyn leg. – 3 ♂.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2EFF89FF6AFA0DFDA3F84B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Champasak Province and Sekong Province (this study). Reference COI barcode sequences. GenBank acc. no. PV 069496 – PV 069498.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2EFF89FF6AFA0DFDA3F84B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The first record from Laos. (2) Loepa diffunorientalis Brechlin, 2010 is, in all probability, endemic to central Vietnam (Kon Tum and Quang Ngai provinces) and southern Laos (Bolaven Plateau). BOLD contains COI sequence of the specimen from Thai Nguyen Province (northern Vietnam). However, the occurrence of L. diffunorientalis in northern Vietnam requires confirmation. (3) The paratypes of L. diffunorientalis presented in BOLD (sample IDs SARBC 211 - 10, SARBC 213 - 10, and SARBC 214 - 10) actually belong to Loepa diffundata Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2008. (4) COI p - distance between L. diffunorientalis and L. diffundata is 2.7 %. (5) BOLD contains the COI sequence of the holotype (sample ID SARBA 759 - 09), it enabled our specimens to be accurately identified. (6) The description of this species was published in a non-open access journal offering only a print edition which is not available for purchase. Therefore, based on the specimens collected from Bolaven Plateau, we present a brief redescription of the taxon, as well as illustrations of external and genital morphology of the male specimens (Figs 16 C – D, 23 I – J). The redescription includes only those morphological features that are barely visible in the photographs.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D2EFF89FF6AFA0DFDA3F84B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. L. diffunorientalis can be distinguished from L. diffundata by 15 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment: 23 T, 71 T, 86 T, 107 T, 203 T, 218 C, 224 C, 230 A, 254 A, 263 A, 272 C, 288 T, 401 T, 485 A, 626 G. Brief redescription. Male morphology (Fig. 16 C – D): Wingspan 85 – 100 mm, forewing length 56 – 63 mm (n = 7). Head yellow. Eye black-olive. Antenna quadripectinate, light brown. Labial palp short (its length less than 0.5 of eye diameter), purple-brown. Thorax yellow with grey band anteriorly (overlapped by tegulae). Patagium grey. Tegula yellow, grey basally. Legs lilac-grey, inner surfaces of femur and of tibia yellow. Abdomen yellow, with one row of black spots dorsally, one row of purple-lilac or purple-grey diffuse spots laterally (one from each side), and two rows of purple-lilac or purple-grey diffuse spots ventrally.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D14FF8EFF6AF9E2FC4AF933.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Kishida et al. 2020).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D14FF8EFF6AF90BFE16F827.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999). Remark. Previously, the species was recorded as “ Saturnia (Rinaca) zuleika Hope, 1843 ” (Brosch et al. 1999).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF8CFF6AFD6AFAE9FCBB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Luang Prabang Province and Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF8CFF6AFF10FEACFE20.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Phongsaly Province (Racheli et al. 2008), Luang Prabang Province (Brosch et al. 1999; Naumann et al. 2012; Kishida et al. 2020), Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020), Luang Namtha Province, Vientiane Province, Xam Neua Province, and Huaphane Province (Naumann et al. 2012).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF8CFF6AFE06FE8EFDF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020; BOLD) and Houaphan Province (BOLD).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF8CFF6AFC5CFC52FC41.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Xieng Khouang Province (Kishida et al. 2020).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Laos. Houaphan Province (BOLD).	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) Records of Salassa tonkiniana Le Moult, 1933 from Laos were not reported, but there are COI sequences of this species from Houaphan Province in BOLD. (2) What species from Luang Prabang Province was identified as “ Salassa thespis (Leech, 1890) [?] ” by Brosch et al. (1999) remains unclear. Check-list of the Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos Brahmaeidae Swinhoe, 1892	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Brosch et al. 1999 Saturniidae Boisduval, [1837] 1 Attacus atlas Phongsaly Province, Luang Namtha Brosch et al. 1999; (Linnaeus, 1758) Province, Luang Prabang Province, Racheli & Racheli Vientiane Province, Boli Kham Xai 2006; Racheli et al. Province, Xieng Khouang Province, 2008; Kishida et al. Champasak Province, Sekong Province 2020; this study 2 Archaeoattacus Phongsaly Province, Luang Namtha Brosch et al. 1999; malayanus Province, Luang Prabang Province, Racheli et al. 2008; (Kurosawa & Vientiane Province, Xieng Khouang Naumann et al. 2016; Kishida, 1984) Province Kishida et al. 2020; this study 3 Archaeoattacus Champasak Province vietnamensis Naumann, Rougerie & Nässig, 2016 this study	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Paukstadt & Province, Vientiane Province, Champasak Paukstadt, 2012 Province, Sekong Province, Attopu Province	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	8 a Actias sinensis Luang Namtha Province, Boli Kham Xai Brosch et al. 1999; sinensis (Walker, Province Racheli et al. 2008 1855) 8 b Actias sinensis siriae Champasak Province Brechlin & Van Schayck, 2017 this study 9 Actias parasinensis Phongsaly Province Brechlin, 2009 this study	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Brechlin, 2000 12 Actias chapae (Mell, 1950) 12 a Actias chapae Houaphan Province chapae (Mell, 1950) BOLD	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Löffler, 2017 15 Antheraea Phongsaly Province, Louang Namtha Kishida et al. 2020; assamensis (Helfer, Province, Luang Prabang Province, BOLD; this study 1837) Vientiane Province, Boli Kham Xai Province, Xieng Khouang Province, Champasak Province, Sekong Province 16 Antheraea platessa Luang Prabang Province, Attopu Province Brosch et al. 1999; this Rothschild, 1903 study 17 Antheraea Luang Prabang Province steinkeorum U. Paukstadt, L. Paukstadt & Brosch, 1999 Paukstadt et al. 1999; Brosch et al. 1999	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Brechlin & Paukstadt, 2010 this study	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	21 a Antheraea ridlyi Bolikhamxai Province, Attopu Province Paukstadt & van siriae Paukstadt & Schayck 2022; van Schayck, 2022 this study comb. nov. & stat. rev.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Champasak Province, Sekong Province, 2016; this study Attapu Province 23 Antheraea tonkinensis Bouvier, 1936 23 a Antheraea Attapu Province tonkinensis luteofrithi Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2017 comb. nov. & stat. rev. this study 24 Antheraea Sekong Province angustomarginata Brechlin & Meister, 2009 this study	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	(Helfer, 1837) Province, Champasak Province Kishida et al. 2020; this study 27 Cricula gafti Spitsyn Phongsaly Province this study & Spitsyna, sp. nov. 28 Lemaireia gulo Phongsaly Province, Luang Namtha Brosch et al. 1999; Spitsyn & Spitsyna, Province, Oudomxai Province, Luang Racheli et al. 2008; sp. nov. Prabang Province, Vientiane Province, Kishida et al. 2020; Houaphan Province this study 29 Lemaireia cheshiri Phongsaly Province, Houaphan Province this study; BOLD Spitsyn & Spitsyna, sp. nov. 30 Loepa siamensis Brechlin, 2010 30 a Loepa siamensis Phongsaly Province, Luang Namtha Brosch et al. 1999; siamensis Brechlin, Province, Luang Prabang Province, Racheli et al. 2008; 2010 Vientiane Province, Houaphan Province, Kishida et al. 2020; Xieng Khouang Province, Khammouan this study Province 31 Loepa peggyae Brechlin, 2010 31 a Loepa peggyae Attopu Province peggyae Brechlin, 2010 this study 31 b Loepa peggyae Sekong Province, Champasak Province this study bolovena Spitsyn & Spitsyna, ssp. nov.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Löffler, 2008 Province, Houaphanh Province 34 Loepa Champasak Province, Sekong Province this study diffunorientalis Brechlin, 2010 35 Saturnia (Caligula) Luang Prabang Province simla Westwood, 1847 36 Saturnia (Rinaca) Luang Prabang Province lesoudieri (Le Moult, 1933) Kishida et al. 2020 Brosch et al. 1999	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	& Loffer, 2005 39 Rhodinia newara Luang Prabang Province, Xieng Khouang Kishida et al. 2020 (Moore, 1872) Province 40 Solus Xieng Khouang Province parvifenestrata Bryk, 1944 41 Salassa tonkiniana Houaphan Province Le Moult, 1933 Acknowledgements Kishida et al. 2020 BOLD This study was supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project No. FUUW- 2023 - 0001). The authors are grateful to Dr. Galina N. Antonovskaya (Arkhangelsk, Russia) and Dr. Alexander E. Kostyunin (Kemerovo, Russia) for providing the specimens of Antheraea tonkinensis luteofrithi Naumann, Nässig & Löffler, 2017 from Vietnam and of Loepa siamensis Brechlin, 2010 from Thailand.	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
AB0FED073D16FF86FF6AFB86FD1BFBEB.taxon	description	Brechlin, R. (2000) Eine neue Art der Gattung Actias Leach, 1815 aus Südvietnam: Actias australovietnama n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 21 (1), 33 – 37. Brosch, U., Naumann, S., Paukstadt, L. H., Paukstadt, U., Tcherniak, I. & Beeke, M. (1999) Anmerkungen zur Brahmaeiden- und Saturniidenfauna von Laos und Kambodscha (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea). Galathea, Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen e. V., Supplement 6, 33 – 58. Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., Von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q. & Vinh, L. S. (2017) UFBoot 2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (2), 518 – 522. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msx 281 ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp. Irungbam, J. S. & Irungbam, M. J. (2019) Contributions to the knowledge of moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Bhutan with new records. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11 (8): 14022 – 14050. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 4358.11.8.14022 - 14050 Irungbam, J. S. (2014) Species catalogue of Rare and Threatened Butterflies and Moths of Bhutan. https: // doi. org / 10.13140 / 2.1.1208.6721 Jiang, Z. - H., Wang, C. - B., Miu, B. - F. & Guo, L. (2021) Review of the genus Lemaireia Nässig & Holloway, 1988 from China, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Zootaxa, 5027 (3), 429 – 437. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5027.3.8 Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B. Q., Wong, T. K., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L. S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587 – 589. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nmeth. 4285 Kishida, Y., Goshima, M. & Kobayashi, M. (2020) Saturniidae. In: Kishida, Y. (Ed.), Moths of Laos Part 1. Tinea, 25 (Supplement 2), 96 – 98. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular biology and evolution, 35 (6), 1547 – 1549. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msy 096 Mohanraj, P., Veenakumari, K. & Naumann, S. (1998) Samia fulva Jordan, 1911 from the Andaman Islands, India (Indian Ocean) – preimaginal instars, host plants and taxonomic notes (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N. F.), 19 (1), 51 – 63. Nässig, W. A. & Holloway, J. D. (1988) On the systematic position of “ Syntherata ” loepoides Butler and its allies (Lep., Saturniidae). Heterocera Sumatrana, 2 (6), 115 – 127. Naumann, S. & Peigler, R. S. (2001) Four new species of the silkmoth genus Samia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 22 (2), 75 – 83. Naumann, S. & Smetacek, P. (2021) A new species of Lemaireia Nässig & Holloway (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Saturniinae) from north-eastern India. Bionotes, 23 (2 & 3), 120 – 124. Naumann, S. (1999) Antheraea (Antheraea) harndti n. sp., eine neue Saturniide von der chinesischen Insel Hainan (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea, Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen e. V., Supplement 6, 72 – 80. Naumann, S., Löffler, S. & Nässig, W. A. (2012) Revisional notes on the species-group of Saturnia cachara, with description of a new subgenus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 33 (2 / 3), 107 – 128. Naumann, S., Nässig, W. A. & Löffler, S. (2008) Notes on the identity of Loepa katinka diversiocellata Bryk, 1944 and description of a new species, with notes on preimaginal morphology and some taxonomic remarks on other species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 29 (3), 149 – 162. Naumann, S., Nässig, W. A. & Löffler, S. 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(1936) Contribution à l'étude des Saturnioïdes (Lépidopt. hetéroc.). Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 79, 39 – 51. The Barcode of Life Data System. Available from: https: // www. boldsystems. org / index. php (Date of access 15.12. 2024). Trifinopoulos, J., Nguyen, L. T., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. (2016) W-IQ-TREE: a fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 44 (1), 232 – 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / nar / gkw 256	en	Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Kondakov, Alexander V., Bovykina, Galina V., Okulova, Anastasia I., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. (2025): The Brahmaeidae and Saturniidae of Laos (Lepidoptera). Ecologica Montenegrina 84: 108-152, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.84.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.84.10
