taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825829/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825829	Figure 10. Hypothetical reconstruction of the relationships of Polononcus based on the strict consensus tree under implied weight (k = 2762). Values of clade supported obtained by RBS and SR analyses are given above and below the branches, respectively.Te scheme showsthree lineages (pedestris, pilularius, and brevicollis clades) retrieved in the analysis and the geographical distribution in the South America region.	Figure 10. Hypothetical reconstruction of the relationships of Polononcus based on the strict consensus tree under implied weight (k = 2762). Values of clade supported obtained by RBS and SR analyses are given above and below the branches, respectively.Te scheme showsthree lineages (pedestris, pilularius, and brevicollis clades) retrieved in the analysis and the geographical distribution in the South America region.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825802/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825802	Figure 1. Characters relative of antennae and mouthparts of Trogidae: antennae of: A, Polononcus gemmingeri; B, Omorgus suberosus; C, Trox plicatus. Labrum of:D, Polononcus juglans; E, Trox plicatus; F, Omorgus batesi in dorsal view.Mentum of: G, Polononcus argentinus; H, Trox variolatus in ventral view.Scale bar:0.5 mm.	Figure 1. Characters relative of antennae and mouthparts of Trogidae: antennae of: A, Polononcus gemmingeri; B, Omorgus suberosus; C, Trox plicatus. Labrum of:D, Polononcus juglans; E, Trox plicatus; F, Omorgus batesi in dorsal view.Mentum of: G, Polononcus argentinus; H, Trox variolatus in ventral view.Scale bar:0.5 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825807/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825807	Figure 2. Characters relative of the head and pronotum of Trogidae.Fronto-lateral view of: A, Polononcus hemisphaericus; B, Trox plicatus. Frontal view of head of: C, Polononcus bullatus; D, Polononcus juglans. Dorsal view of head and pronotum of: E, Polononcus vazdemelloi; F, Trox plicatus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 2. Characters relative of the head and pronotum of Trogidae.Fronto-lateral view of: A, Polononcus hemisphaericus; B, Trox plicatus. Frontal view of head of: C, Polononcus bullatus; D, Polononcus juglans. Dorsal view of head and pronotum of: E, Polononcus vazdemelloi; F, Trox plicatus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825827/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825827	Figure 9. Characters relative of male genitalia of Trogidae.Median lobe (with parameres removed, of: A, Omorgus suberosus; B, Polononcus vazdemelloi. Aedeagus habitus of: C, Polononcus furcillifer; D, Polononcus pilularius; E, Polononcus patriciae; F, Omorgus batesi. Dorsal (G) and (H) lateral views of Polononcus ecuadorensis. I, lateral view of Polononcus neuquen. Dorsal (J) and (K) lateral views of Phoberus luridus. Dorsal view of L, Omorgus squalidus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 9. Characters relative of male genitalia of Trogidae.Median lobe (with parameres removed, of: A, Omorgus suberosus; B, Polononcus vazdemelloi. Aedeagus habitus of: C, Polononcus furcillifer; D, Polononcus pilularius; E, Polononcus patriciae; F, Omorgus batesi. Dorsal (G) and (H) lateral views of Polononcus ecuadorensis. I, lateral view of Polononcus neuquen. Dorsal (J) and (K) lateral views of Phoberus luridus. Dorsal view of L, Omorgus squalidus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825831/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825831	Figure 11. Part of the strict consensus tree from two most parsimonious trees showing the phylogenetic relationships of species of the outgroup and ‘pedestris clade’.(Full circles indicate synapomorphies, while empty white circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies. Black colour refers to state ‘0’; grey refers to state ‘1’; and blue refers to state ‘2’. Image: Polononcus pedestris.	Figure 11. Part of the strict consensus tree from two most parsimonious trees showing the phylogenetic relationships of species of the outgroup and ‘pedestris clade’.(Full circles indicate synapomorphies, while empty white circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies. Black colour refers to state ‘0’; grey refers to state ‘1’; and blue refers to state ‘2’. Image: Polononcus pedestris.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825817/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825817	Figure 6. Characters relative of the pronotum and hypomeron of Polononcus. Dorsal view of pronotum in: A, Polononcus chilensis; B, Polononcus gemmiferus; C, Polononcus argentinus; D, Polononcus patagonicus. Hypemeron of: E, Polononcus patagonicus F,Polononcus gemmifer. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Characters relative of the pronotum and hypomeron of Polononcus. Dorsal view of pronotum in: A, Polononcus chilensis; B, Polononcus gemmiferus; C, Polononcus argentinus; D, Polononcus patagonicus. Hypemeron of: E, Polononcus patagonicus F,Polononcus gemmifer. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825833/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825833	Figure 12. Part of the strict consensus tree from two most parsimonious trees showing the phylogenetic relationships of species of the outgroup and ‘pilularius clade’.(Full circles indicate synapomorphies, while empty white circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies. Black colour refers to state ‘0’; grey refers to state ‘1’; and blue refers to state ‘2’. Image: Polononcus vazdemelloi.	Figure 12. Part of the strict consensus tree from two most parsimonious trees showing the phylogenetic relationships of species of the outgroup and ‘pilularius clade’.(Full circles indicate synapomorphies, while empty white circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies. Black colour refers to state ‘0’; grey refers to state ‘1’; and blue refers to state ‘2’. Image: Polononcus vazdemelloi.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825809/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825809	Figure 3. Characters relative of mouthparts of Trogidae.Maxila, in dorsal view, of: A, Polononcus argentinus; B, Trox luridus. Dorsal view of right mandible of: C, Polononcus gemmingeri; D, Trox variolatus. Lateral view of right mandible of:E, Polononcus gemmingeri; F, Trox variolatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.	Figure 3. Characters relative of mouthparts of Trogidae.Maxila, in dorsal view, of: A, Polononcus argentinus; B, Trox luridus. Dorsal view of right mandible of: C, Polononcus gemmingeri; D, Trox variolatus. Lateral view of right mandible of:E, Polononcus gemmingeri; F, Trox variolatus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825825/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825825	Figure 8.Characters relative of the elytra and legs of Polononcus. Half lef dorsal habitus of: A, Polononcus pseudogemmifer; B, Polononcus neuquen. C, lateral habitus of Polononcus aeger. Ventral view of lef mesotibia in: D, Polononcus peruanus; E, Polononcus cropticus. Dorsal view of right foretibia in: F, Polononcus furcillifer; G, Polononcus gemmiferus. Lateral view of right foretibia in: H, Polononcus gemmiferus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 8.Characters relative of the elytra and legs of Polononcus. Half lef dorsal habitus of: A, Polononcus pseudogemmifer; B, Polononcus neuquen. C, lateral habitus of Polononcus aeger. Ventral view of lef mesotibia in: D, Polononcus peruanus; E, Polononcus cropticus. Dorsal view of right foretibia in: F, Polononcus furcillifer; G, Polononcus gemmiferus. Lateral view of right foretibia in: H, Polononcus gemmiferus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825815/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825815	Figure 5. Characters relative of the dorsal view of lef anterior wing of:A, Polononcus vazdemelloi; B, Polononcus hemisphaericus; C, Polononcus bullatus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Characters relative of the dorsal view of lef anterior wing of:A, Polononcus vazdemelloi; B, Polononcus hemisphaericus; C, Polononcus bullatus. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825811/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825811	Figure 4. Characters relative of the head, pronotum and metasternum of Polononcus. Dorsal view of head and pronotum in: A, Polononcus bullatus; B, Polononcus hemisphaericus. Ventral view of body in: C, Polononcus patagonicus; D, Polononcus neuquen. Dorsal view of pronotum in: E, Polononcus furcillifer; F, Polononcus neuquen. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 4. Characters relative of the head, pronotum and metasternum of Polononcus. Dorsal view of head and pronotum in: A, Polononcus bullatus; B, Polononcus hemisphaericus. Ventral view of body in: C, Polononcus patagonicus; D, Polononcus neuquen. Dorsal view of pronotum in: E, Polononcus furcillifer; F, Polononcus neuquen. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825835/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825835	Figure 13. Part of the strict consensus tree from two most parsimonious trees showing the phylogenetic relationships of species of the outgroup and ‘brevicollis clade’. (Full circles indicate synapomorphies, while empty white circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies.Black colour refers to state ‘0’; grey refers to state ‘1’; and blue refers to state ‘2’. Image: Polononcus hemisphaericus.	Figure 13. Part of the strict consensus tree from two most parsimonious trees showing the phylogenetic relationships of species of the outgroup and ‘brevicollis clade’. (Full circles indicate synapomorphies, while empty white circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies.Black colour refers to state ‘0’; grey refers to state ‘1’; and blue refers to state ‘2’. Image: Polononcus hemisphaericus.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
A8636C62FFA0CB1B8BA0FAD1A9702902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14825823/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825823	Figure 7. Characters relative of the scutellum and elytra of Trogidae. Scutellum of: A, Polononcus bifurcatus; B, Polononcus bullatus; C, Omorgus suberosus. D, lef elytron of Polononcus pedestris; E, right elytron of Polononcus diffluens. Dorsal habitus of: F, Polononcus pampeanus; G, Polononcus longitarsis. Lateral view of: H, Polononcus chilensis; I, Polononcus neuquen. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 7. Characters relative of the scutellum and elytra of Trogidae. Scutellum of: A, Polononcus bifurcatus; B, Polononcus bullatus; C, Omorgus suberosus. D, lef elytron of Polononcus pedestris; E, right elytron of Polononcus diffluens. Dorsal habitus of: F, Polononcus pampeanus; G, Polononcus longitarsis. Lateral view of: H, Polononcus chilensis; I, Polononcus neuquen. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2025-01-25	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.		Zenodo	biologists	Vinícius;Costa-Silva;Strümpher, Werner P.;Tyssen, Patricia J.;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.			
