identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AE2DA93DB53CFFE939C497261B5711DF.text	AE2DA93DB53CFFE939C497261B5711DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adelphe flavipes (Ducke 1903)	<div><p>Adelphe flavipes (Ducke, 1903)</p><p>Pseudepyris flavipes Ducke, 1903 a: 132 . Holotype ♂; Brazil: Pará [not Belém], 28.v.1902, A. Ducke (MNHN, examined).</p><p>Adelphe flavipes: Ducke (1911); Ducke (1913); Krombein (1957); Kimsey (1986a, 2008); Lucena &amp; Almeida (2022); Lucena et al. (2024: 7).</p><p>Adelphe flavipes was described based primarily on a male specimen collected in “ Pará ” on May 28, 1902, subsequently deposited at MNHN; a second, possibly aberrant, specimen, collected at “Itaituba” on the Tapajós (Pará), on August 19, 1902, subsequently deposited at MPEG, was noted as differing from the first in a single character, but was not explicitly excluded from conspecificity. Ducke (1903) referred to the first specimen as “ dem typischen Stücke ” (= the typical specimen) when comparing the two, referring to their apparently differing numbers of visible abdominal segments [“… und dies scheint bei dem typischen Stücke der Fall zu sein ” = … and this seems to be the case with the typical specimen]. Therefore, the first specimen, collected in Pará has to be interpreted as the holotype according to Code Art. 73.1.1, which states: “If an author when establishing a new nominal species-group taxon states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is the holotype, or “the type”, or uses some equivalent expression, that specimen is the holotype fixed by original designation”. Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 85) correctly reported the “ Pará ” specimen as the holotype.</p><p>In contrast, Lucena et al. (2024: 7) considered Adelphe flavipes as having been described from two syntypes and applied Code Art. 74.6, treating the specimen collected in Pará as the lectotype by inference of “ holotype ” by Kimsey &amp; Bohart. However, Code Art. 74.6 states: “When it has been accepted that a nominal species-group taxon was based on a single specimen and the original description neither implies nor requires that there were syntypes, and if it is considered subsequently that the original description was based on more than one specimen, the first author to have published before 2000 the assumption that the species-group taxon was based upon a single type specimen is deemed to have designated that specimen as the lectotype ”. So, Code Art. 74.6 cannot be applied because the number of specimens, two, studied by the author is known, while the article refers to taxa for which it is unclear from the original description whether they were described based on a series of syntypes or not.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53CFFE939C497261B5711DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53CFFE839C4934C1C0216BD.text	AE2DA93DB53CFFE839C4934C1C0216BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adelphe metallica (Kieffer 1910)	<div><p>Adelphe metallica (Kieffer, 1910)</p><p>Parachrysis metallica Kieffer, 1910: 288 . Holotype ♂; Brazil: Pará, Belém, A. Baker. Synonym of Pseudepyris flavipes Ducke, 1903 according to Ducke (1911).</p><p>Adelphe metallica: Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 86); Kimsey (2008: 161).</p><p>Adelphe flavipes: Lucena et al. (2024: 7)</p><p>Adelphe metallica was considered a valid species within the genus Adelphe by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), and Kimsey (2008) who revised the Neotropical species and provided diagnostic characters in a key. However, Lucena et al. (2024) synonymized this species again, apparently based on the interpretation by Ducke (1911). We have not personally examined any type material and consider the measurements provided by Kimsey (2008) possibly to reflect intraspecific variability. Nonetheless, further clarification by the authors on their synonymization would have been welcome to better understand their species concept and whether they examined type material or based their interpretation solely on Ducke (1911).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53CFFE839C4934C1C0216BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C4965E1DCA1271.text	AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C4965E1DCA1271.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amisega aeneiceps Ducke 1903	<div><p>Amisega aeneiceps Ducke, 1903</p><p>Amisega aeneiceps Ducke, 1903 a: 130 . Lectotype presumed to be lost, originally designated by Kimsey in Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991: 92 based on a ♀ collected at Itaituba on 05.ix.1902 by A. Ducke and deposited at MNHN.</p><p>Amisega aeneiceps: Lucena et al. (2024: 10).</p><p>Kimsey (in Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991: 92) designated the lectotype of Amisega aeneiceps based on a male from Itaituba but apparently did not pin any type label to the specimen in the collection. As noticed by Rosa et al. (2020: 24) and illustrated by Lucena et al. (2024: fig. 8) the only specimen labelled as “TYPE” [with printed red label typical of type material deposited at MNHN] is a male collected at Obidos, one of the type localities mentioned in the original description, and not in Itaituba. It has to be noted that Kimsey and Bohart systematically selected as holotypes or lectotypes specimens at MNHN previously labelled with printed labels “TYPE” or “ LECTOTYPE ” by an unknown technician, who often did not pay attention to original descriptions (Rosa 2024a). In this case, the specimen labelled as “TYPE” was part of the type series, labelled as such by Ducke, and matches one of the type localities given in the description. Rosa et al. (2020) did not comment on the discrepancy between the locality of the specimen they considered as the lectotype and that specified by Kimsey, and they did not “invalidate” the female lectotype as implied by Lucena et al. (2024) who stated: “Our interpretation is that the lectotype designation by L.S. Kimsey is still valid”. Rosa et al. (2020) apparently considered that Kimsey specified the wrong locality, whereas Lucena et al. (2024) considered that Kimsey specified the wrong sex. Taking into consideration that no specimen has Kimsey’s lectotype label, and none matches the data provided with the lectotypification, the lectotype cannot be unambiguously identified and should be considered lost or destroyed. Paralectotypes are deposited at HMNH, MNHN, NHMW, NMBE, and MPEG (Rosa et al. 2020; Lucena et al. 2024) and there is no confusion about the identity of the species, so designation of a neotype is not necessary.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C4965E1DCA1271	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C491EA1A6410BD.text	AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C491EA1A6410BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amisega cyaniceps Ducke 1911	<div><p>Amisega cyaniceps Ducke, 1911</p><p>Amisega mocsaryi var. cyaniceps Ducke, 1911: 93 . Syntypes ♂, ♀; Brazil: Amazonas: Tefé, 06.ix.1904, A. Ducke (MZSP), 29.ix.1904 (MPEG), 01.x.1904 (MPEG), 02.x.1904 (MPEG), 03.x.1904 (MPEG); Santo Antônio do Içá, 31.viii.1905, A. Ducke (MPEG); Rio Javari (unknown depository), Tabatinga, 12.x.1904, A. Ducke (MPEG), 16.x.1904 (MPEG). Peru: Loreto: Iquitos, 29.vii.1906, A. Ducke (MPEG).</p><p>Amisega mocsaryi: Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 93).</p><p>Amisega cyaniceps: Lucena et al. (2024: 13).</p><p>Lucena et al. (2024) elevated A. cyaniceps to species rank without providing any explanation. This taxon was previously synonymized with A. mocsaryi by Kimsey (1987), where A. cyaniceps was not mentioned, and by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991). A visual comparison of the photographs of A. cyaniceps and the type material of A. mocsaryi reveals minimal differences, which could be interpreted as intraspecific variation. It is possible that the authors examined additional material that justifies separating the two species, however a comment supporting the status of A. cyaniceps as a valid species would be valuable in future publications.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C491EA1A6410BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C497741FFC1314.text	AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C497741FFC1314.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis Kimsey & Bohart 1991	<div><p>Genus Caenochrysis Kimsey &amp; Bohart, 1991</p><p>Lucena et al. (2024) followed the synonymic list of Caenochrysis as given by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) without improvements, correctly noting that Caenochrysis is the most challenging Neotropical genus.Since PR has had access to Linsenmaier’s collection, we revalidate the following four species below: Caenochrysis aptata (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.; Cae. invisa (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.; Cae. scyphiphora (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.; Cae. turmalina (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr., all previously synonymized by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) without type examination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C497741FFC1314	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C494A21A2E151C.text	AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C494A21A2E151C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Duckeia gracilis Kimsey 1987	<div><p>Duckeia gracilis Kimsey, 1987</p><p>Duckeia gracile Kimsey, 1987: 74 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Rio de Janeiro [Represa Rio Grande], July 1972, M. Alvarenga (CNC). Incorrect original spelling. Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 107, 108); Lucena et al. (2021); Lucena &amp; Almeida (2022); Lucena et al. (2024: 15).</p><p>Duckeia gracilis: Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 108). Mandatory correction of Duckeia gracile .</p><p>Lucena et al. (2024) considered Duckeia gracile as the valid name for this taxon. However, the genus Duckeia is feminine, as treated by the original author (Costa Lima 1936) according to Arts 30.2.2 and 30.2.3. Therefore, the correct spelling of the species name is Duckeia gracilis (feminine), not gracile (neuter).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C494A21A2E151C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEE39C4900C1A1E1241.text	AE2DA93DB53AFFEE39C4900C1A1E1241.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis aptata (Linsenmaier 1984)	<div><p>Caenochrysis aptata (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 1A–C)</p><p>Chrysis (Trichrysis) aptata Linsenmaier, 1984: 212 . Holotype ♀; Argentina: Entre Rios (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 301); Lucena et al. (2024: 16).</p><p>Caenochrysis aptata (Linsenmaier, 1984): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis aptata, ♀: Argentin. prov. Entre Rios Pronunciamiento 1964 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041180 (NMLU). Allotype and paratypes: 11♂♂, and 2♀♀: same data / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041165-41181 (NMLU); 1♀: Bolivien La Paz 1953 3630m Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0041175 (NMLU); 1♀: Brasilien Obidos Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0041166 (NMLU); 4 ♀♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’ L Fritz Plaumann X. 60, III.61, III.62, 300-500m / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0041176-41179 (NMLU).</p><p>Chrysis aptata Linsenmaier, 1984 and Cae. invisa Linsenmaier, 1984 were synonymized with Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889) . More broadly, Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) synonymized 13 species within Caenochrysis, including six South American species described by Linsenmaier (1984), without examining primary types. Most of Linsenmaier’s (1984, 1985, 1994) Chrysididae described from North and South America are valid species and warrant reinstatement.</p><p>Linsenmaier’s (1984) description of Chrysis aptata and the holotype differ from the description of Cae. armata and specimens identified as Cae. armata by Ducke in European collections. Specifically, Cae. armata has short first and second flagellomeres of equal length, as described by Mocsáry (1889): “ tertio brevi, quarto aequali ” [Mocsáry’s third antennomere corresponds to the first flagellomere]; the transverse frontal carina is bilobed; the metasoma is blue with black to violet colour at the base (“ abdominis segmentis dorsalibus cyaneis, basi nigroviolaceis ”); the punctation is dense, with large punctures (“ dense sat crasse ”) that become smaller in the second half of the tergum, whereas Cae. aptata has the first flagellomere distinctly longer than the second (1.7 × as long) (Fig. 1A); the transverse frontal carina is arched (Fig. 1A); the metasoma is uniformly green laterally to blue dorsally, without any black, bluish or violet stripes or areas (Figs 1A–C), and the punctation is dense with small, uniform punctures across the entire tergum (Fig. 1B).</p><p>Caenochrysis aptata can further be distinguished from Cae. invisa by having the first flagellomere 1.7 × as long as the second; a sharp transverse frontal carina that is red and contrasts with the green-bluish head (Fig. 1A) and arched with two lateral, elongate branches directed to the vertex; the metasoma uniformly green to blue, without black to bluish or violet stripes or areas (Fig. 1B); the discoidal cell distinct, whereas Cae. invisa has the first flagellomere 1.4 × as long as the second; a weak transverse frontal carina, concolorous with the rest of the head and irregularly arched with two short, barely visible branches (Fig. 1D); the metasoma with a narrow dark to black stripe at the base of the first and second terga (Fig. 1E); and the discoidal cell faint (Fig. 1F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53AFFEE39C4900C1A1E1241	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53BFFEE39C491BA1D5D11E7.text	AE2DA93DB53BFFEE39C491BA1D5D11E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis crotonis (Ducke 1907)	<div><p>Caenochrysis crotonis (Ducke, 1907)</p><p>Chrysis crotonis Ducke, 1907: 10 . Syntypes ♂, ♀; Brazil: Pará, Faro and Óbidos, A. Ducke (MPEG, MNHN, MZSP, NMBE, NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. 1♀: Obidos I.1905 Ducke / Chrysis crotonis Ducke type ♂ &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / Brazil. Mus. Goeldi. 1910-90 / B.M. TYPE HYM. 13.59b / SYNTYPE / BMNH(E) #970930 (NHMUK) .</p><p>An additional male syntype is deposited at NHMUK.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53BFFEE39C491BA1D5D11E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53BFFED39C493591DE615B1.text	AE2DA93DB53BFFED39C493591DE615B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis invisa (Linsenmaier 1984)	<div><p>Caenochrysis invisa (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 1D–F)</p><p>Chrysis (Trichrysis) invisa Linsenmaier, 1984: 210 . Holotype ♀; Argentina: Tucuman (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 301); Lucena et al. (2024: 16).</p><p>Caenochrysis invisa (Linsenmaier, 1984): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis invisa, ♀: Argentinien I.53 S.P. Colalao Tucuman Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041155 (NMLU). Paratypes: 2♀♀: same data / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041152-41153 (NMLU); 1♀: Argentina: Tuc. Horco Molle, c. 12km. W of Tucuman. 700m 17.III.1974 C.R. Vardy B.M. 1974-204 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0041154 (NMLU).</p><p>Both Chrysis invisa Linsenmaier, 1984 and Chr. aptata Linsenmaier, 1984 were synonymized with Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889) . However, Linsenmaier’s (1984) description of Cae. invisa and its type material does not match the description of Cae. armata, nor specimens identified as Cae. armata by Ducke and deposited at European collections. In particular, compared to the diagnosis of Cae. armata given above under Cae. aptata, Cae. invisa has the first flagellomere 1.4 × as long as the second (Fig. 1D); the transverse frontal carina is weak, concolorous with the rest of the head, and irregularly arched with two short, barely visible branches (Fig. 1D); the metasoma is uniformly green to blue, with a narrow dark black stripe at the base of the first and second terga (Fig. 1E); the metasomal punctation is dense and uniform, with small punctures covering the entire tergum (Fig. 1E). Caenochrysis invisa can also be distinguished from Cae. aptata as detailed above under Cae. aptata . Based on these characters, we consider Caenochrysis invisa (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr. a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB53BFFED39C493591DE615B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB538FFEC39C4922C1EA8136D.text	AE2DA93DB538FFEC39C4922C1EA8136D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>(Figs 2A, D, G)</p><p>Chrysis parvula Fabricius, 1804: 176 . Holotype ♀ (ZMUC #00241222). GUYANA, Essequibo, Smidt.</p><p>Chrysis (Trichrysis) chrysofacialis Linsenmaier, 1984: 221 . Synonym of Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 304); Lucena et al. (2024: 20).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis chrysofacialis, 1♀: Maranhão S. Luiz 8.6.1907 Ducke / Chrysis aliena Mocs. det. / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041352 (NMLU). Holotype of Chrysis parvula, 1♀: square green label / Essequibo. Smidt Mus: D: Lund. Chrysis parvula Fabr. / TYPE / ZMUC 00241222 (ZMUC, examination based on pictures). The following specimens are deposited at NMLU: Argentina: 1♀; Arg. S.d. Estero R. Salado 10 k e.n.e. Colonia Dora 17.-25.XI.1979 C.&amp; M. Vardy B.M. 1980-67 / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1983 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041357. Brazil: 1♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann XII.1960 300-500m / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1983 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr0041356; 1♀: Brasilien Rio Solimoes Coll. Linsenmaier / Chrysis aliena Mocs. det. Ducke 1908 / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1973 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041351. Guyana: 1♀: British Guiana: Coll. Richards &amp; Smart B.M. 1937-776 / Mazaruni Clearing 12.VIII.1937 / in colony house / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041354; 1♀: British Guiana: Coll. Richards &amp; Smart B.M. 1937-776 / Mazaruni Clearing 17.IX.1937 / in colony house / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041355. Peru: 1♂: Tingo Maria (Rio Huallaga) 700m 1.4.1940 leg. Weyrauch / Chrysis aliena Mocs. det. Ducke 1908 / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041350; 1♂: Peru 1.IV.40 Tingo Maria Huallaga 700m / Weyrauch / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041358; 1♂: Tingo Maria (Rio Huallaga) 700m 1940 leg. Weyrauch / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1979 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041359; 1♂: Peru V.68 Cord. Azul Previsto 700m Coll. Linsenmaier / Allotype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041353: 1♀: Peru: 20 mi W of Pucallpa 3.X.1954 / E.I. Schlinger &amp; E.S. Ross Collector / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041360; 1♂: Rio Pachitea Iparia 320m 11.II.68 Col.: R. Garcia / Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1990 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041361.</p><p>Chrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier, 1984, Chr. scyphiphora Linsenmaier, 1984 and Chr. turmalina Linsenmaier, 1984 were synonymized by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) with Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) based on Linsenmaier’s descriptions.Of these, only Cae. chrysofacialis is apparently a synonym of Cae. parvula, although one of the key diagnostic characters, the arched transverse frontal carina, cannot be verified as the head of the holotype of Cae. chrysofacialis is lost; however, further examination of paratypes may prove definitive. Meanwhile, based on morphological comparison of the types of Cae. chrysofacialis and Cae. parvula, we consider these two taxa as conspecific. Linsenmaier (1984) also accepted the synonymization of Cae. parvula with Cae. tridens Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825 proposed by Mocsáry (1889), although he considered it doubtful because of the different sizes of these two species; they were later considered as two valid species by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB538FFEC39C4922C1EA8136D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFEC39C490D71C0711E5.text	AE2DA93DB539FFEC39C490D71C0711E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis producta (Brulle 1846)	<div><p>Caenochrysis producta (Brullé, 1846)</p><p>Chrysis producta Brullé, 1846: 44 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Minas Gerais, C.M. Aug. Saint-Hillaire (MNHN, examined). Synonymized with Chrysis brasiliana Guérin-Méneville, 1842 by Mocsáry (1889).</p><p>Caenochrysis brasiliana: Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Lucena et al. (2024: 16).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀: des Mines / Museum Paris des Mines / Chrysis producta Br. &lt;handwritten by Brullé&gt; type. &lt;handwritten by du Buysson&gt; / Chrysis brasiliana Guérin R. du Buysson det. 1898 / Holotypus Chrysis producta ♀ Brullé P. Rosa vidit 2016 (MNHN).</p><p>The type depository of Chrysis producta was given as doubtfully MNHN in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) and Lucena et al. (2024). The specimen is indeed housed at MNHN. This taxon was synonymized with Chr. brasiliana Guérin-Méneville, 1842 by Mocsáry (1889) and PR also examined its type at MSNG. Some differences between the two exist, though these were not evaluated across a larger series. The mesopleuron differs in shape, having a short, incomplete episternal sulcus compared to the complete and elongate sulcus in Chr. brasiliana, and the black spots on the second sternum are smaller in Chr. producta . More material is needed to determine whether Chr. producta should be resurrected from synonymy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB539FFEC39C490D71C0711E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFE339C4935F1D0E1469.text	AE2DA93DB539FFE339C4935F1D0E1469.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis scyphiphora (Linsenmaier 1984)	<div><p>Caenochrysis scyphiphora (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 2B, E, H)</p><p>Chrysis (Trichrysis) scyphiphora Linsenmaier, 1984: 223 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Santa Catarina (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 304); Lucena et al. 2024: 20.</p><p>Caenochrysis scyphiphora (Linsenmaier, 1984): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis scyphiphora, ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann I.1960 300-500m / ♀ Type Chrysis L. scyphiphora Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1973 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr0041389 (NMLU). Allotype: ♂: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann 6.X.1960 300- 500m / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041390 (NMLU). Paratype: 1♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann 15.II.1969 300-500m / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041388 (NMLU).</p><p>Chrysis scyphiphora Linsenmaier, 1984 was synonymized with Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) together with Chr. chrysofacialis and Chr. turmalina by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991).</p><p>Caenochrysis scyphiphora can be differentiated from Cae. parvula by the coarse punctation on the mesosoma (Fig. 2B); the metasomal sculpture with wide interspaces (Fig. 2E); the second tergum fully punctate, with sparse punctures on the posterior half (Fig. 2E); the apical margin of the third tergum rounded laterally (Fig. 2E); whereas in Cae. parvula the punctation on the mesosoma is relatively dense and uniform (Fig. 2A); the first tergum is fully punctate (Fig. 2D); the second tergum has a wide, impunctate longitudinal median stripe (Fig. 2D); and the apical margin of the third tergum is distinctly tridentate, with two small, acute lateral angles (Fig. 2D).</p><p>Caenochrysis scyphiphora can be differentiated from Cae. turmalina by the coarse punctation on the mesosoma (Fig. 2B) and the elongate black spots on the second sternum (Fig. 2H), whereas in Cae. turmalina the mesosomal punctures are small and sparse (Fig. 2C) and the black spots on the second sternum are ovoid and apically convergent (Fig. 2I).</p><p>Pending a revision of all of the species synonymized with Cae. parvula, based on the different sculpture, shape of the apical margin of the third tergum and of the black spots on the second sternum, we consider Caenochrysis scyphiphora (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr. a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB539FFE339C4935F1D0E1469	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB536FFE339C497D31D931055.text	AE2DA93DB536FFE339C497D31D931055.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenochrysis turmalina (Linsenmaier 1984)	<div><p>Caenochrysis turmalina (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 2C, F, I)</p><p>Chrysis (Trichrysis) turmalina Linsenmaier, 1984: 221 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Bahia (NMLU, examined).Synonym of Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 304); Lucena et al. 2024: 22.</p><p>Caenochrysis turmalina (Linsenmaier, 1984): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis turmalina, ♀: Paraguay Paso Yobai IX.54 Coll. Linsenmaier / ♀ Type Chrysis L. turmalina Lins det. Linsenmaier 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041383 (NMLU). Allotype: ♂: Paraguay XII.50 Paso Yobai Caaguazu Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041384 (NMLU). Paratypes: 1♀: Argent. Choya Prov. Santiago del Estero V.62 Forster Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041381 (NMLU); 1♀: Argent. Choya Prov. Santiago del Estero XII.63 Forster Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041381 (NMLU); 1♀: Argentinien Rio Salado Icano 1937 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041363 (NMLU); 1♀: Bahia Iguassù Roman / Sv. Amaz. Exp. Roman / 18 Juli / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041378 (NMLU); 1#: Paraguay XII.50 Guaira 300m C. Pfannel Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041365 (NMLU); 1♀: Paraguay IV.51 Independencia Coll. Lins. / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041377 (NMLU); 1♀: Paraguay VIII.51 Col. Independencia Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041376 (NMLU); 1♂, Paraguay Paso Yobai XII.50 Caagnazu Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041362 (NMLU); 7♂♂, 1♀: Paraguay Paso Yobai IX.54 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0041366-41373 (NMLU); 1♀, Paraguay Paso Yobai X.55 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr00413674 (NMLU).</p><p>Chrysis turmalina Linsenmaier, 1984 was synonymized with Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) together with Chr. chrysofacialis and Chr. scyphiphora by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991). Cae. turmalina can be distinguished from Cae. parvula and Cae. scyphiphora by its small and sparse punctures on the mesosoma (Fig. 2C), which are even more widely spaced on the mesoscutellum; the straight apical margin of the third tergum, without distinct teeth, but with right-angled lateral corners (Fig. 2F); and the black spots on the second sternum which are rounded and not elongate or ovoid like in the other two species (Fig. 2F). Based on these diagnostic characters, we consider Caenochrysis turmalina (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr. a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB536FFE339C497D31D931055	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB537FFE239C494A21A2B15C4.text	AE2DA93DB537FFE239C494A21A2B15C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis aequinoctialis Dahlbom 1854	<div><p>Chrysis aequinoctialis Dahlbom, 1854 stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 3A–C)</p><p>Chrysis aequinoctialis Dahlbom, 1854: 330 . Lectotype ♂ designated by Rosa &amp; Xu (2015: 6); Brazil (MRSN, examined).</p><p>Synonym of Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 according to Bohart (1962: 368); Lucena et al. 2024: 24.</p><p>Chrysis aequinoctialis Dahlbom, 1854: present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Chrysis (Hexachrysis) schulthessi Mocsáry, 1889: 572 . Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart (1962: 368) [not by Bohart in Bohart &amp; Kimsey (1982: 141), and not by Bohart in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 425)]. Mexico: Cuernavaca (ETHZ not NHMW, examined). Syn. nov.</p><p>Chrysis peruviana du Buysson, 1898: 540 . Holotype ♂ [not ♀]; Peru (MNHN, examined). Syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype of Chrysis aequinoctialis, ♂: Chrysis aequinoctialis Spin. inédite D. Reiche, Bresil (MRSN) . Lectotype of Chrysis schulthessi, ♂: Bilimek Mexico 1871 Cuernavacca / Schulthessi det. Mocsáry (NHMW). Holotype of Chrysis peruviana, ♂: Museum Paris Pérou (Cusco) Gay 59-49 / Chrysis peruviana Buyss. type R. du Buysson det. 1898 / TYPE (MNHN).</p><p>This is considered a valid species, see comments on Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB537FFE239C494A21A2B15C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB537FFE239C490A51A401097.text	AE2DA93DB537FFE239C490A51A401097.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis anceps Gribodo 1879	<div><p>Chrysis anceps Gribodo, 1879 stat. resurr.</p><p>(Fig. 4A)</p><p>Chrysis anceps Gribodo, 1879: 327 . Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 425); Brazil (UZM) (paralectotype examined at RBINS). Synonym of Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 according to Bohart (1962: 368); Lucena et al. (2024: 24).</p><p>Chrysis anceps Gribodo, 1879: present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Chrysis aperta du Buysson, 1898: 559 . Holotype ♂; Mexico: Vera Cruz (MNHN) (examined). Syn. nov.</p><p>Chrysis (Hexachrysis) hexodontophora Bischoff, 1910: 491 . Holotype ♀; Paraguay (ZMB) (examined). Syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined. Paralectotype of Chrysis anceps, ♀: 2120 / Chrysis anceps Grib. Typus &lt;handwritten by Gribodo&gt; / Determ. 1889 du Buysson / Hexachrysis anceps Grib. = smidti Dahlb. ? S. Zimmermann det. [this specimen is badly preserved; it lacks head, legs and metasoma ventrally and internal parts due to a dermestid attack] (RBINS) ; Paralectotype of Chrysis anceps, ♀: M. Co.1888. 13. / Chrysis 6-dentata? F. ♀ / Kolumbien 1888 Type Le. W. / Chrysis anceps Grib. Typus &lt;handwritten by Gribodo&gt; / Chrysis (Hexachr.) Smidti Dhlb. / Chrysis smidti Dahlb. ♀ A. Mocsary det. / typus (ZSM) . Holotype of Chrysis aperta, ♂: Vera Cruz / Museum Paris Vera Cruz Coll. O. Sichel 1867 / Chrysis aperta Buyss. type R. du Buysson det. 1898 / TYPE (MNHN) . Holotype of Chrysis hexodontophora, ♀: Paraguay 19.I.–Fiebrig S.V. / Hexachrysis hexodontophora Bisch. &lt;handwritten by Bischoff&gt; / Type / Zoo. Mus. Berlin (ZMB).</p><p>This is considered a valid species, see comments on Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 . Ducke identified specimens of Chrysis anceps deposited at European museums as Chr. smidti (see below).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB537FFE239C490A51A401097	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB534FFE039C492841DBB159D.text	AE2DA93DB534FFE039C492841DBB159D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis binominata Mocsary 1889	<div><p>Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1889 stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 5D–F)</p><p>Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fraterna Mocsáry, 1889: 399, nom. praeocc., nec Mocsáry, 1889: 322. Holotype ♀ [not ♂]; Brazil: Blumenau (NHMW, examined). Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1889: 639 . Replacement name for Chrysis fraterna Mocsáry, 1889: 399 . Synonym of Chrysis excavata Brullé, 1846 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 409); Lucena et al. (2024: 23).</p><p>Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1889: present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis fraterna, ♀: Blumenau Brasil. 1885.I Hetschko / fraterna det. Mocsáry / binominata det. Mocsáry type / Holotype Chrysis fraterna Mocsáry 1889 ♀! P. Rosa vidit 2012 (NHMW). Holotype of Chrysis excavata, ♀: 229 / 2571–93 / Museum Paris Brésil Gaudichaud 1833 / Chrysis excavata Br &lt;handwritten by Brullé&gt; / Chrysis excavata Brullé type &lt;handwritten by du Buysson&gt; / TYPE (MNHN). Other non-type material in the collections of NMBE, MSNG, NMLU, NHMW.</p><p>Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1889 is similar to Chrysis excavata Brullé, 1846 (Figs 5A–C), but it can be distinguished by several characters including: the shape of the transverse frontal carina, which is broadly M-shaped in Chr. binominata (Fig. 5D); the genal carina, where the distance between the ventral margin of the eye and the genal carina is twice as large in Chr. binominata (Fig. 5E) compared to the same distance in Chr. excavata (Fig. 5B); and the proximity of the black spots, which are closer together in Chr. binominata (Fig. 5F) than in Chr. excavata (Fig. 5C). Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1899 stat. resurr. is therefore considered a valid species. However, it is probable that Chr. excavata represents a species complex with multiple species synonyminzed by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) and therefore a reassessment of this group is needed. Specimens identified by Ducke and Linsenmaier as Chr. diana Mocsáry, 1889 and Chr. pleuretica Mocsáry, 1912 also exhibit differences, however, the type series of these taxa were not studied in this research and must be evaluated in future studies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB534FFE039C492841DBB159D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C496871CFF134C.text	AE2DA93DB535FFE039C496871CFF134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis carinulata Mocsary 1889	<div><p>Chrysis carinulata Mocsáry, 1889</p><p>Chrysis carinulata Mocsáry, 1889: 402 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Piauhi (HNHM).</p><p>Material examined. 1♀: Obidos 7.1.1905 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ carinulata Mocs . det. A. Ducke (NMBE) ; 1♀: Obidos 24.12.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ carinulata Mocs. &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG) ; 1♂: Paraguay Caa-Guazù 350m 20.11.50 Foerster / ♂ Chrysis carinulata Mocs. Linsenmaier det. 64 (NMLU) .</p><p>In European collections such as MSNG and NMBE, specimens identified by Ducke as Chrysis carinulata belong to different species. A revision of the intricans species group is pending, and study of the holotype is needed to accurately determine the identity of this taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB535FFE039C496871CFF134C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C490B41D51104B.text	AE2DA93DB535FFE039C490B41D51104B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff 1910	<div><p>Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910 stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 6A–C)</p><p>Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910: 461 . Holotype ♀; Panama: Chiriqui (ZMB, examined). Synonym of Chrysis propinqua Mocsáry, 1889 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 451); Lucena et al. (2024: 24).</p><p>Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910: present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis chiriquensis, ♀: Chiriqui Ribbe / 21387 / Chr. chiriquensis Bisch. / Type (ZMB) . Lectotype of Chrysis propinqua, ♀: Blumenau Brasil. 1885.I Hetschko. / propinqua Type det. Mocsáry / C. nisseri sec. Gen. Ins. / type / Lectotype Chrysis propinqua Mocsáry, 1889 ♀ des. by Bohart 1982 &lt;label by P. Rosa&gt; (NHMW).</p><p>Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910 was synonymized by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) with Chr. propinqua Mocsáry, 1889 . However, Chr. chiriquensis has long, acute apical teeth with the median ones more spiniform than the lateral ones (Fig. 6A); the metasomal punctation at the sides of the second tergum is sparser with larger punctures and wide, polished interspaces with scattered, shallow, small punctures (Fig. 6B); the black spots on the second sternum are transversally suboval, only partially in contact medially (Fig. 6C), wheras in Chr. propinqua the apical teeth are short, stout, with the median teeth similar to the lateral ones (Fig. 6D); the metasomal punctation at the sides of the second tergum is denser, with smaller punctures (Fig. 6E); the black spots on the second sternum are subtriangular and largely fused medially (Fig. 6F). Based on these diagnostic characters, we consider Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910 stat. resurr. a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB535FFE039C490B41D51104B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE739C4905C1A2B125B.text	AE2DA93DB532FFE739C4905C1A2B125B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis cognata Gribodo 1879	<div><p>Chrysis cognata Gribodo, 1879 stat. resurr.</p><p>(Fig. 2B)</p><p>Chrysis cognata Gribodo, 1879: 328 . Holotype ♀; ‘ sine dubio America ’ (RBINS, examined). Synonym of Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 according to Bohart (1962: 368); Lucena et al. (2024: 24).</p><p>Chrysis cognata Gribodo, 1879: present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis cognata, ♀: 2131 / Chrysis cognata Grib. Typus &lt;handwritten by Gribodo&gt; / Determ. 1889 du Buysson / Hexachrysis cognata Grib. S. Zimmermann det., 19 (RBINS).</p><p>This is considered a valid species, see comments on Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB532FFE739C4905C1A2B125B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE639C491BC1FD317CD.text	AE2DA93DB532FFE639C491BC1FD317CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis distinctissima Dahlbom 1854	<div><p>Chrysis distinctissima Dahlbom, 1854</p><p>Chrysis distinctissima Dahlbom, 1854: 211 . Syntypes; “America meridionali” (type depository unknown).</p><p>Material examined. 1♀: Obidos 18.1.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ distinctissima Dlb. &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 1♂: Obidos 22.12.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♂ distinctissima Dlb. &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 1♀: distinctissima det. Mocsáry (HNHM); 1♀, Suriname Paramaribo V.1958 P.H. v. Doesburg Jr. / Chrysis L. distinctissima Dhlb. Linsenmaier det. 60 (NMLU).</p><p>Mocsáry and Linsenmaier’s concept of Chrysis distinctissima differs from Ducke’s, as the specimens they examined are closely related to or even conspecific with Chr. excavata Brullé, 1846 . Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 405) reported MRSN as the depository of the type series of Chr. distinctissima, but Rosa &amp; Xu (2015) noted that the types and depositories are unclear. In Spinola’s collection at MRSN, two possible syntypes exist, one of which, severely damaged and lacking the metasoma, was selected by Bohart as the lectotype, although its designation was never published. Bohart identified the second specimen as Chr. excavata . Considering that the descriptions provided by Spinola (1840) and Dahlbom (1854) are ambiguous, and that the specimen selected by Bohart as lectotype lacks the metasoma, which bears diagnostic characters such as the teeth shape on the apical margin and the sternal black spots, the designation of a neotype after further research should be considered to properly establish the species concept for this taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB532FFE639C491BC1FD317CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB533FFE539C495421FB8159D.text	AE2DA93DB533FFE539C495421FB8159D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis intricata Brulle 1846	<div><p>Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 and associated species</p><p>Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846: 25 . Syntype ♀♀; French Guiana: Cayenne; USA: Philadelphia (lost); Lucena et al. (2024: 24).</p><p>Chrysis smidti Dahlbom, 1854: 317 . Syntype ♀♀; South America: ‘America meridionali’ (lost, not UZIL or UZM) according to Bohart (1962).</p><p>Chrysis proxima Cameron, 1888: 465 . Holotype ♀; Panama (NHMUK) (not examined).</p><p>Chrysis (Hexachrysis) aenescens Mocsáry, 1889: 577 . Holotype ♀; French Guiana: Cayenne (MHNG, not NHMW) (not examined).</p><p>Chrysis henrici du Buysson, 1891: 44 . Holotype ♀; Mexico (lost).</p><p>Material examined. Several specimens in European collections identified as Chrysis intricata but belonging to different species.</p><p>Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) placed Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846 within the Chr. smaragdula group listing several synonyms, including species described from Mexico to Argentina. The type of Chr. intricata seems to be lost together with the other types which originated from Serville’s collection (Rosa 2024a). PR has examined the types of the species synonymized with Chr. intricata, except the types of Chr. proxima Cameron, 1888 and Chr. henrici du Buysson, 1891 considered to be the female of Pleurochrysis bruchi (Brèthes, 1903) by Linsenmaier (1985), whose depository is currently unknown, and Chrysis smidti Dahlbom, 1854 for which PR could not find the type, neither at UZM (also teste L. Vilhemsen) nor at UZIL (also teste R. Danielsson). The type of Chr. aenescens Mocsáry, 1889 is not at NHMW, as stated by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), but in MHNG, as written in the original description; PR saw this type some years ago without taking any pictures and the collection is currently closed for renovation, therefore he could not access the material for further research. Consequently, we retain these four taxa as junior subjective synonyms of Chr. intricata .</p><p>Based on morphological examination, we recognise at least three species:</p><p>(1) The first is Chrysis aequinoctialis Dahlbom, 1854, stat. resurr. (Fig. 3A), with Chr. schulthessi Mocsáry, 1889, syn. nov. (Fig. 3B), and Chr. peruviana du Buysson, 1898, syn. nov. (Fig. 3C), that should be considered as its synonyms. They all exhibit similar sculpture; uniform blue body colour with two blue basal stripes on the second and third terga, though the latter stripe is not visible in Chr. aequinoctialis; and identical structure and position in the apical margin of the third tergum, including the pits, the pit row and apical teeth. Chr. schulthessi and Chr. peruviana also share the same mesopleuron shape, carinate on the lower part, but PR could not check this character in Chr. aequinoctialis due to the current inaccessibility of the Spinola collection. However, Rosa &amp; Xu (2015) already noticed inconsistences between the type of Chr. aequinoctialis and the description of Chr. intricata given by Bohart &amp; Kimsey (1982).</p><p>(2) The second species is Chr. anceps Gribodo, 1879, stat. resurr. (Fig. 4A), with two synonyms: Chr. aperta du Buysson, 1898, syn. nov. and Chr. hexodontophora Bischoff, 1910, syn. nov. They have the typical coloration of Neotropical species, green with blue to dark blue and black areas between the punctures on the pronotum and mesoscutum, and transversal blue stripes on the second and third terga, with blue median areas on all metasomal segments. The third tergum is also different with the post pit row area elongate and protruding behind the pit row, with lateral teeth that are more widely spaced from the median ones. They also share the strongly carinate lower mesopleuron, forming a tooth-like projection visible in lateral view. The metasomal punctation of Chr. anceps consists of large, separated punctures (Fig. 4A), with shagreened interspaces. Based on material deposited at European museums, we observed that Ducke identified this species as Chr. smidti .</p><p>(2) The third species, Chr. cognata Gribodo, 1879, stat. resurr., shares a similar colour pattern but is predominatly light blue rather than green. It has a very dense punctation on the metasoma (Fig. 4B); especially on the second tergum, where it becomes uniform and small on the second half, and on the third tergum, which is evenly and densely punctate, contrasting with the large, separated punctures of Chr. anceps .</p><p>Due to differences in punctation, the shape of the third tergum, and colour pattern we consider Chrysis aequinoctialis Dahlbom, 1854 stat. resurr., Chr. anceps Gribodo, 1879 stat. resurr. and Chr. cognata Gribodo, 1879 stat. resurr. valid species.</p><p>Chrysis proxima, Chr. henrici, Chr. smidti and Chr. aenescens may be valid species or synonyms of other species. In the Neotropics, only another six species of the smaragdula group are known: Chr. cubensis Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (type examined) from Cuba; Chr. fabricii Mocsáry, 1882 (type of its synonym Chr. dromeda du Buysson, 1898 examined) described from Cayenne and distributed from Suriname to Argentina (Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991), and including more species based on material deposited at European collections (e.g. in MSNG); Chr. insularis Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (type examined) from the Dominican Republic; Chr. patagonica Mocsáry, 1889 (type at MHNG, not examined for temporary unavailability of the collection) from Argentina, but also recorded from Mexico; Chr. smaragdula Fabricius, 1775 (type examined) described from North America (“ America boreali ”) and distributed South to Costa Rica. These species are distinct based on various morphological characters and are not involved in the taxa related to Chr. intricata . The true identity of Chr. intricata remains unresolved, as specimens identified as such in European museums belong to various species. However, based on the description, Chr. intricata can be recognised by the large and contiguous punctures on the head and mesosoma, and double, very dense punctation on the metasoma, with the largest punctures smaller than those on the mesosoma. The pits in the pit row are very large and unequal in size. Since the original description is clear enough to identify a morphospecies, we do not consider Chr. intricata a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB533FFE539C495421FB8159D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB530FFE539C496871DE410BE.text	AE2DA93DB530FFE539C496871DE410BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis reichei (Spinola 1838) Spinola sensu Dahlbom 1854	<div><p>Chrysis reichei (Spinola, 1838) sensu Dahlbom, 1854</p><p>(Figs 7A, B)</p><p>Chrysis reichei (Spinola, 1838): sensu Dahlbom, 1854: 218. Synonym of Chrysis brasiliensis Brullé, 1846 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 391); Lucena et al. (2024: 23).</p><p>Material examined. ♀: Chrysis reichei, Spin. D. Reiche Coromandel / Holotype ♀ Chrysis reichei Dahlbom, 1854 P. Rosa vidit 2013 (MRSN) . Holotype of Chrysis brasiliensis, ♀: Des Mines / 245 / Museum Paris Capitainerie Des Mines / Chrysis brasiliensis Br. &lt;handwritten by Brullé&gt; / Chrysis brasiliensis Brullé type. &lt;handwritten by du Buysson&gt; / TYPE (MNHN).</p><p>Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) synonymized “ Chrysis reichei Dahlbom, 1854 nec Spinola, 1838 ” with Chr. brasiliana Guérin-Méneville, 1842 with no type examination. This interpretation was later followed by Rosa &amp; Xu (2015) and Lucena et al. (2024). However, Dahlbom (1854) did not intend to describe a new species, but rather misidentified a specimen received from Spinola as Chr. reichei from Coromandel, as listed in his keys, and still labelled as such in Spinola’s collection (Rosa &amp; Xu 2015). Dahlbom provided a full description to supplement the rather inadequate comparative one of Spinola (1838), but stated that the species’ distribution was the Cape of Good Hope, which is the type locality of Spinola’s specimen, apparently not realising that Coromandel was almost certainly a locality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He also transferred Spinola’s species from Pyria to Chrysis . As noted by Mocsáry (1889), this specimen is not conspecific with Spinola’s Chr. reichei, which is likely related to Chr. lyncea Fabricius, 1775 . The name Chrysis reichei Dahlbom, 1854 is, in fact, not an available name according to Code Art. 49 regarding the use of species-group names wrongly applied through misidentification, and any subsequent treatment of it as an available name is therefore invalid.</p><p>The specimen identified as Chr. reichei by Dahlbom (1854) is also not conspecific with Chr. brasiliana . It can be distinguished by having the transverse shape of the head, with an interocular distance of 8.5 × MOD (Fig. 7A) vs a narrow head, with interocular distance of 5.5 × MOD in Chr. brasiliensis (Fig. 7C); the shape of the frontal carina is bi-arcuate in Chr. reichei ending abruptly almost 1 MOD from the eye (Fig. 7A) vs endings that curve down parallel between the scapal basin and the eye (Fig. 7C); the metasomal punctation is dense with small, fine punctures (Fig. 7B) vs coarser, deeper metasomal punctation (Fig. 7D); the pits in the pit row are small and numerous vs larger and fewer pits).</p><p>Considering the unclear origin of this specimen and our limited experience with species of the ignita group from Brazil, we refrain from taking any formal action, such as describing a new species, waiting for the examination of additional specimens. Indeed, the ignita group is the largest species group of Chrysidinae and is considered as the most challenging to study (Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991, Soon et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB530FFE539C496871DE410BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB531FFE439C490A91C601052.text	AE2DA93DB531FFE439C490A91C601052.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis roseni Mocsary. Images 1912	<div><p>Chrysis roseni Mocsáry, 1912</p><p>(Figs 8A–D)</p><p>Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) roseni Mocsáry, 1912: 571 . Holotype ♀; Colombia (ZSM) (examined). Synonym of Chrysis excavata Brullé, 1846 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 409) (intricans group); Lucena et al. (2024: 24).</p><p>Chrysis roseni Mocsáry, 1912 syn. nov. of Chrysis fuscipennis Brullé, 1846: present paper ( fuscipennis group).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis roseni, 1♀: E. Steinheil 2.76, n# 1 / Kolombien II.1876 Coll. Steinheil / Roseni typ. Mocs. det. Mocsáry / Type / Wahasch. Colombien (ZSM).</p><p>Chrysis roseni was synonymized with Chr. excavata and included by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) in the intricans group without examining the type specimen. Surprisingly, the type of Chr. roseni belongs to the fuscipennis group. PR examined its type housed at ZSM (Fig. 8A) after his publication on the fuscipennis group (Rosa 2024b) in which this species group, represented by a specimen of Chrysis erratica Abeille de Perrin and du Buysson, 1887 collected in Argentina, was listed as recorded for the first time from South America. The type of Chr. roseni appears to be conspecific with Chr. fuscipennis based on the curved and M-shaped frontal carina (Fig. 8B) and the relatively sparse punctation on the lateral sides of the mesoscutum (Fig. 8C); we thus formally establish the synonymy. This record predates the presumed first recorded occurrence of the Chr. fuscipennis species group from South America by almost 150 years. The species was likely introduced via commerce from Asia, but its established presence in South America needs further verification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB531FFE439C490A91C601052	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52EFFF939C491621CD61136.text	AE2DA93DB52EFFF939C491621CD61136.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurochrysis Bohart 1966	<div><p>The case of Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966</p><p>Guérin-Méneville (1842) described Chrysis (Pleurocera) viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, nec Olivier, 1790 currently Chrysis bruchi Brèthes, 1903, based on the specimen photographed by PR at MSNG (Figs 9A, 9C) and characterised by flabellate antennae. Pleurocera was later used as a valid genus by Brullé (1846) and Linsenmaier (1959) and as a subgenus of Chrysis by Bodenstein (1939) and of Neochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959 by Bohart (1966) who recognised that Pleurocera is a junior homonym of Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818 ( Gastropoda, Pleuroceridae) and replaced it with Pleurochrysis . It was later re-raised to genus rank by Kimsey (1985) and treated as such by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991). Conversely, Linsenmaier (1985, 1997) considered Pleurocera as a subgenus of Neochrysis . Moreover, Linsenmaier (1985), in his revision of the genus Neochrysis, described two other subgenera: Brethesia Linsenmaier, 1985 nec Schrottky, 1909 ( Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) and Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier, 1985 . Overall, he recognised five subgenera of Neochrysis: Neochrysis s.str.; Brethesia Linsenmaier, 1985; Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier, 1985; Ipsiura Linsenmaier, 1959; and Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966 .</p><p>Almost simultaneously, but with priority of a month, Kimsey (1985) and Bohart (1985) elevated Ipsiura and Pleurochrysis to genus rank, along with Exochrysis Bohart, 1966, whose species were included within the spinigera group of subgenus Neochrysis by Linsenmaier (1985). Later, Linsenmaier (1987) replaced the name of Brethesia Linsenmaier, 1985 nec Schrottky, 1909 with Brethesiella Linsenmaier, 1987, which in turn is an invalid name, being a junior homonym of Brethesiella Porter, 1920 and Brethesiella Timberlake, 1920 ( Hymenoptera, Encyrtinae), these later replaced by Boffachrysis Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino, 1990 . Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) synonymized Exsecochrysis and Brethesiella Linsenmaier with Pleurochrysis .</p><p>Rosa et al. (2023) noted that Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966 was also invalid, being a junior homonym of Pleurochrysis Pringsheim, 1955 originally described as Flagellate (see Rosa et al. (2023) for details). Consequently, Pleurochrysis Bohart was replaced by Rhipidochrysis Rosa &amp; Pavesi in Rosa et al. (2023), with Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842 designated as its type species by automatic designation. Lucena et al. (2024) acknowledged that the name Pleurochrysis Bohart is invalid, but synonymized Rhipidochrysis with Exsecochrysis, asserting that this was the first available name among the synonyms of Pleurocera in accordance with Code Art. 60.2.</p><p>Being a technical article, Rosa et al. (2023) focused only on objectively invalid names of chrysidid genera, without entering into taxonomic and phylogenetic details. In this sense, they failed to explain the reasons for keeping Rhipidochrysis separated from the other Neotropical genera. The authors agreed with Linsenmaier (1985, 1997) and Bohart (1966) that this genus (subgenus in Linsenmaier’s classification) includes only the type species, Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842 currently Rhipidochrysis bruchi (Brèthes, 1903), characterized by the apical margin of the third tergum with six teeth and by the flabellate male flagellomeres.</p><p>Although Exsecochrysis Linsenmier, 1985 was originally considered to be a distinct subgenus with a different type species, Neochrysis gracilia Linsenmaier, 1985, it was treated as a subjective synonym of Pleurochrysis by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991). However, Linsenmaier (1997) did not follow the classification proposed by the American authors and continued to consider Exsecochrysis and “ Pleurochrysis ” as distinct. Rhipidochrysis bruchi and members of Exsecochrysis, in our opinion, truly belong to different genera following the generic criteria proposed by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) for Chrysidini genera, that should be applied in this case as well. For example, some key diagnostic traits observed in Exsecochrysis, such as the highly reduced wing venation (Fig. 9B), the absence of the transverse frontal carina (Fig. 9E), and the shape of the male flagellomeres (Fig. 9E), are otherwise regarded as valid criteria for genus differentiation, e.g. in Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913 and Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845, but were disregarded in the case of Exsecochrysis .</p><p>The diagnostic characters of Exsecochrysis sensu Linsenmaier (1985, 1997) are well defined. The four known species share the following traits: small body size, 3.5–5.0 mm; wings with reduced venation, including faint veins Cu, Rs+M, m-cu, Cu1 and barely visible A1 (Fig. 9B); Rs thick, short, as long as stigma, with second half appearing as a narrow vein ending more than 2 × MOD from wing margin (Fig. 9B); discoidal cell faint; distal margin of fore wing rounded (Fig. 9B); head profile round, with bulbous eyes and narrow, ventrally constricted scapal basin (Fig. 9E); frons with large, irregular and contiguous punctures, without transverse frontal carina; antennal flagellum slender and cylindrical in both sexes (Fig. 9E); pronotum without anteromedian sulcus; metanotum roughly as long as mesoscutellum or only slightly shorter; metasoma without longitudinal medial carina on second tergum; third tergum saddled in lateral view and bulging before pit row, pit row distinct with wide and deep pits, apical margin with four teeth, lateral margin with a more or less extended whitish spot; black spots on second sternum small and oval; legs largely yellowish on femur distal apex, on tibiae and tarsi.</p><p>Conversely, Rhipidochrysis has larger species,&gt; 7.5 mm; wings with all veins fully developed and sclerotized (Fig. 9A); Rs fully developed and sclerotized ending 1–2 × MOD from wing margin (Fig. 9A); discoidal cell fully visible; distal margin of fore wing unmodified; head with subtriangular profile and wide scapal basin (compare also Figs 132a, 132b in Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991); frons with sculpture unmodified and frontal carina present; antennal flagellum dimorphic, flabellate in male (Figs 9C, D), black and cylindrical in female; pronotum sulcate; metanotum half as long as mesoscutellum and medially longitudinally ridged; metasoma with weak fully impunctate longitudinal carina; third tergum unmodified, straight and only slightly bulging before pit row, pit row small and with shallow pits, apical margin with six teeth, lateral margin without whitish spot; black spots on second sternum large and rounded; legs fully metallic with black tarsi and basitarsi metallic ventrally.</p><p>Based on the above characters, especially the modified wing venation, the shape and sculpture of the head, the cylindrical and unmodified antennae of the male, and the small body size compared to Rhipidochrysis and also Boffachrysis, we consider Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier, 1985 to be a valid genus so far restricted to the species included by Linsenmaier (1985, 1997): E. alfkeni (Ducke, 1902); E. adnexa (Linsenmaier, 1997); E. allotria (Linsenmaier, 1985); and E. gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985) . E. gracilia was synonynized with Chrysogona alfkeni Ducke, 1902 by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) without type examination, but it was revalidated by Linsenmaier (1997) who listed the main diagnostic differences. This revalidation was overlooked by Lucena et al. (2024) but the two species are clearly distinct as Linsenmaier (1997) stated, based on the characters discussed and illustrated below (see Exsecochrysis gracilia and Fig. 10).</p><p>We consider Rhipidochrysis restricted to R. bruchi, whereas other species of “ Pleurochrysis ” are here considered members of Boffachrysis Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino, 1990, not mentioned by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) and Lucena et al. (2024). Boffachrysis is the replacement name for Brethesiella Linsenmaier, 1997 nec Porter, 1920, nec Timberlake, 1920. The type species of Boffachrysis is Chrysis ameghinoi Brèthes, 1902 by automatic designation and this genus can be separated into two groups, likely distinct genera, but it temporarily includes all the other species included by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) in “ Pleurochrysis ” and is relatively heterogeneous, characterized by lack of derived characteristics. There are species, such as B. imbecilla (Mocsáry, 1889), that share some diagnostic characters with Exsecochrysis, e.g. structure and sculpture of the head, but do not share the same combination of diagnostic characters, such as the reduced wing venation. We agree with Kimsey (1985), Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) and Lucena et al. (2024) that “ Pleurochrysis ” requires future studies to make their generic delimitations congruent with phylogenetic relationships, but meanwhile consider Exsecochrysis and Rhipidochrysis sufficiently characterised to be treated as separate genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52EFFF939C491621CD61136	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52CFFF939C4922E1CC61088.text	AE2DA93DB52CFFF939C4922E1CC61088.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exsecochrysis sensu Linsenmaier 1985	<div><p>Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier, 1985</p><p>Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier, 1985: 462 as subgenus of Neochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959 . Type: Neochrysis (Exsecochrysis) gracilia Linsenmaier, 1985 by original designation. Synonym of Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 523).</p><p>Exsecochrysis: reinstated by Lucena et al. (2024: 29) to accommodate species previously included in Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966 by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991).</p><p>The genus Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier includes four species, all of them found in Brazil: Exsecochrysis adnexa (Linsenmaier, 1997), Exsecochrysis alfkeni (Ducke, 1902), Exsecochrysis allotria (Linsenmaier, 1985), and Exsecochrysis gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52CFFF939C4922E1CC61088	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFFF39C492341E8916E5.text	AE2DA93DB52DFFFF39C492341E8916E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boffachrysis Pagliano & Scaramozzino 1990	<div><p>Boffachrysis Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino, 1990</p><p>Brethesia Linsenmaier, 1985: 461 (as subgenus of Neochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959). Type species. Chrysis ameghinoi Brèthes, 1903, by original designation, nom. praeocc., nec Schrottky, 1909 ( Hymenoptera, Pompilidae). Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Brethesiella Linsenmaier, 1987: 144 (as subgenus of Neochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959). Type species. Chrysis ameghinoi Brèthes, 1903, by automatic designation. Replacement name for Brethesia Linsenmaier, 1985, nec Schrottky, 1909, nom. praeocc., nec Brethesiella Porter, 1920, nec Timberlake, 1920 ( Hymenoptera, Encyrtinae). Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Boffachrysis Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino, 1990: 4 . Type species. Chrysis ameghinoi Brèthes, 1903, by automatic designation. Replacement name for Brethesiella Linsenmaier, 1987, nom. praeocc., nec Brethesiella Porter, 1920, nec Timberlake, 1920.</p><p>For all the other species previously included in Pleurochrysis by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), the first available name to be used is Boffachrysis Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino, 1990 . This is a relatively heterogeneous taxon, characterized by a lack of derived characteristics and has to be re-evaluated, starting from the type species Chrysis ameghinoi, possibly with molecular analyses, for a better placement of all species and a better understanding of their phylogenetic relationships. Brazilian species included in Boffachrysis Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino, 1990 are: B. acuta (Brèthes, 1906) comb. nov., B. ancilla (du Buysson, 1898) comb. nov., B. cavifrons (Brullé, 1846) comb. nov., B. charruana (Brèthes, 1903) comb. nov., B. dolosa (du Buysson, 1898) comb. nov., B. fasciifera (Bischoff, 1910) comb. nov., B. imbecilla (Mocsáry, 1889) comb. nov., B. jenseni (du Buysson, 1906) comb. nov., B. lagopus (du Buysson, 1891) comb. nov., B. leucophris (Mocsáry, 1889) comb. nov., B. morosa (du Buysson, 1901) comb. nov., B. postica (Brullé, 1846) comb. nov., B. simulator (Kimsey, 1985) comb. nov., and B. ypirangensis (du Buysson, 1904) comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52DFFFF39C492341E8916E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C494EA1A151314.text	AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C494EA1A151314.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exsecochrysis gracilia (Linsenmaier 1985)	<div><p>Exsecochrysis gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 10A, 10C)</p><p>Neochrysis (Exsecochrysis) gracilia Linsenmaier, 1985: 463 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Santa Catarina, Seara [Nova Teutônia], Plaumann (NMLU, examined). Linsenmaier (1997: 265). Reinstated. Synonym of Pleurochrysis alfkeni (Ducke, 1902) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 524); Lucena et al. (2024: 30).</p><p>Exsecochrysis gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann XI.1960 300-500m / 395 / Neochrysis Exsecochrysis gracilia Lins. det. Linsenmaier 1985 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013441 (NMLU) .</p><p>Exsecochrysis gracilia was synonymized by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) with E. alfkeni (Ducke, 1902), without type examination, and reinstated by Linsenmaier (1997) who provided a diagnosis and line drawings to revalidate this taxon. Lucena et al. (2024) ignored the revalidation and again considered it a synonym of E. alfkeni (Ducke, 1902) . We could not examine the holotype of E. alfkeni, but only specimens identified by Ducke in European collections (MSNG, NHMW, NMBE). Specimens of several taxa have apparently been identified as such, and E. gracilia is one of those taxa. Diagnostic characters to separate E. gracilia from E. alfkeni (characters of the latter primarily derived from Ducke’s original description of the holotype) are: the unmodified convex surface of the propodeum [= metanotum in Linsenmaier 1985, 1997] vs irregularly raised and bumpy, with a short, pointed, conical, tuberculate basal spine— aber unregelmässig höckerig erhaben, letzteres mit kurzem, spitzen, kegelförmigen, tuberkelähnlichen Dorn an der Basis (from Ducke 1902)—and considered by Linsenmier (1985) as the main character to separate E. alfkeni from the other species, but later observed also in E. adnexa Linsenmaier, 1997 (see Fig. 10D); distance between the inner teeth of the third tergum from each other smaller than that between the inner and outer teeth vs distance between the inner teeth from each other much greater than that between the inner and outer teeth.</p><p>For all these characters, we agree with Linsenmaier (1985, 1997) that E. gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985) is a valid and distinct species, stat. resurr. Another question is whether E. gracilia could be the female of E. allotria, but this association needs to be confirmed by molecular analysis or with more study material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C494EA1A151314	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C4900C1DC212CD.text	AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C4900C1DC212CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidochrysis Rosa & Pavesi 2023	<div><p>Rhipidochrysis Rosa &amp; Pavesi, 2023</p><p>Pleurocera Guérin-Méneville, 1842: 149, nom. praeocc., nec Rafinesque, 1818. Type species: Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, nom. praeocc., nec Olivier, 1790 [= Chrysis bruchi Brèthes, 1903], by monotypy. Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966: 144, nom. praeocc., nec Pringsheim, 1955. Type species: Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, by automatic designation. Replacement name for Pleurocera Guérin-Méneville, 1842 . Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Rhipidochrysis Rosa &amp; Pavesi in Rosa et al., 2023: 31, replacement name for Pleurochrysis Bohart, 1966, nec Pringsheim, 1955. Type species: Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, by automatic designation.</p><p>Species included in Rhipidochrysis Rosa &amp; Pavesi, 2023: Rhipidochrysis bruchi (Brèthes, 1903) [synonyms: Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, nec Olivier, 1790 (type examined); Chr. chilena Mocsáry, 1914 (type examined); Chr. henrichi du Buysson, 1891 (according to Linsenmaier 1985)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C4900C1DC212CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52AFFFF39C492391D1C10E4.text	AE2DA93DB52AFFFF39C492391D1C10E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boffachrysis leucophris (Mocsary 1889) Rosa & Brothers 2025	<div><p>Boffachrysis leucophris (Mocsáry, 1889)</p><p>Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) leucophris Mocsáry, 1889: 409 . Holotype ♂; Brazil: Amazonas, Fonte Boa (HNHM, examined). Chrysis leucophrys: unjustified emendation by Dalla Torre (1892: 75); Ducke (1911).</p><p>Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) leucophrys: Bischoff (1913); Ducke (1913).</p><p>Pleurochrysis leucophris: Kimsey (1985); Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Lucena et al. (2019); Lucena &amp; Almeida (2022). Exsecochrysis leucophrys: Lucena et al. (2024: 32).</p><p>The original spelling leucophris has to be regarded as correct.According to Code Art. 33.5.1 incorrect transliteration or Latinization, or the use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not considered inadvertent errors. In this case, the name has a Greek origin and was incorrectly Latinized as in the example given below Code Art. 32.5.1.1. See also the case of Cleptidea xanthomelas (Mocsáry, 1889) below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52AFFFF39C492391D1C10E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52BFFFD39C494A21D7A1555.text	AE2DA93DB52BFFFD39C494A21D7A1555.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura aemula (Linsenmaier 1985)	<div><p>Ipsiura aemula (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 11A–C)</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) aemula Linsenmaier, 1985: 477 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Santa Catarina, Seara [Nova Teutônia], Plaumann (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Ipsiura lilloi Bohart, 1985 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 510); Lucena et al. (2016, 2024: 39). Reinstated by Linsenmaier 1997: 267.</p><p>Ipsiura aemula aemula: present paper: stat. resurr., comb. nov.</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) aemula ssp. agnata Linsenmaier, 1997: 267 . Holotype ♂. Brazil: Nova Teutonia, St. Caterina, xi.1960, leg. Plaumann (NMLU, examined).</p><p>Ipsiura aemula agnata: present paper, comb. nov.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀ of Neochrysis (Ipsiura) aemula: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann XI.1960 300-500m / ♀ Type Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr0013510 (NMLU). Paratypes, 2 ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann 22.VIII.1960 300-500m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013511 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27°11’B–52°23’L Fritz Plaumann 6.VIII.1960 300-500m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013509 (NMLU). Holotype ♂ of Neochrysis (Ipsiura) aemula ssp. agnata: Brasilien Nova Teutonia XI.1960 27°11’–52°23’ Fritz Plaumann 300-500m / ♂ Allotype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / ♂ Type Ips. aemula agnata det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013513 (NMLU). Allotype ♀: Brasilien Nova Teutonia XI.1955 27°11’–52°23’ Fritz Plaumann 300-500m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det 1985 / ♀ Alloype Ipsiura aemula agnata det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013514 (NMLU). Paratype ♀: Brasilien Nova Teutonia 22.VIII.1960 27°11’–52°23’ Fritz Plaumann 300-500m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det 1985 / ♀ Paratype Ips. aemula agnata det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr0013512 (NMLU).</p><p>Linsenmaier (1997) resurrected Ipsiura aemula from the previous synonymy with I. lilloi as proposed by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), providing a diagnosis and illustrations to support this act. Lucena et al. (2016, 2024) ignored this resurrection and listed I. aemula in the synonymic list of I. lilloi . While PR has not examined the type of I. lilloi, the pictures and diagnosis provided by Lucena et al. (2016) reveal some significant differences between the two taxa.</p><p>Ipsiura aemula can be distinguished from I. lilloi by the shape of the transverse frontal carina, with its branches encircling the anterior ocellus starting close to the eyes (Fig. 11B); the anterior ocellus positioned more than 2 × MOD from the transverse carina; third flagellomere non-metallic; sculpture of frons weak and poorly defined (Fig. 11B); lateral margin of third tergum straight and inner four apical teeth of third tergum distinctly acute (Fig. 11C), whereas in I. lilloi the branches of the transverse frontal carina originate at a distance&gt; 1 × MOD from the eye, resulting in a narrower and smaller frontal area enclosed between the branches; anterior ocellus positioned only slightly more than 1 × MOD; third flagellomere metallic; sculpture of frons deep and well defined; lateral margin of third tergum slightly concave before lateral angle, and four apical teeth short and slightly rounded. Based on these characters, we consider Ipsiura aemula stat. resurr. a valid species; however, further material is required to clarify the status of these species and the following taxon.</p><p>Linsenmaier (1997) also described I. aemula agnata from the same type locality as I. aemula . He designated the male allotype of I. aemula aemula as the holotype of I. aemula agnata and selected some female paratypes of I. aemula aemula as the allotype and the paratype for I. aemula agnata . This “subspecies” is most likely a valid distinct species, as tentatively suggested by Linsenmaier (1997) who was known for his conservative approach to taxonomy, often describing subgenera and subspecies rather than species, and many of those taxa were later elevated to genus and species rank (Rosa et al. 2015). Lucena et al. (2016, 2024) did not mention this taxon and its particular history. Although in previous years PR had access to Linsenmaier’s collection, databased the type localities and photographed some types, he did not revise this taxon because of the limited time at his disposal and being outside of his research on taxa from the Old World. The true status of I. aemula agnata is thus still to be assessed; we therefore prefer not to make any nomenclatural or taxonomic changes at this time, as unlikely as it may seem that two absolutely sympatric subspecies are involved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB52BFFFD39C494A21D7A1555	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB528FFFC39C496CE1D38159D.text	AE2DA93DB528FFFC39C496CE1D38159D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura amaurotica (Linsenmaier 1985)	<div><p>Ipsiura amaurotica (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 12A–D)</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) amaurotica Linsenmaier, 1985 . Holotype ♂: Brazil: Pará (NMLU, examined).</p><p>Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985: 719 . Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Morelos, Cuernavaca (BME). Synonym of Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 511); Lucena et al. (2016: 63); Lucena et al. (2024: 42).</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) tropicalis amaurotica: Linsenmaier (1997: 266). Reinstated with subspecific status.</p><p>Ipsiura amaurotica (Linsenmaier, 1997): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Neochrysis amaurotica, ♂: Brasil Obidos 1.1905 [Ducke] / 397 / ♂ Neochrysis amaurotica Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / ♂ Ipsiura tropicalis amaurotica det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0013456 (NMLU).</p><p>Neochrysis amaurotica was synonymized by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) with Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985, without type examination, and later revalidated as a subspecies by Linsenmaier (1997), who provided a diagnosis and a line drawing to support this action. Lucena et al. (2024) ignored this revalidation and again considered it a synonym of I. tropicalis Bohart, 1985 . We examined the holotype of Neochrysis amaurotica, which differs from I. tropicalis in metasomal sculpture and the structure of the third tergum as described and illustrated by Linsenmaier (1997). The main differences between the two species are the large and spaced punctures and the elongate postpit area of the third tergum in N. amaurotica (Fig. 12D) vs dense and small punctures on the mesosoma and a short postpit area in I. tropicalis (see Bohart 1985: Fig. 8). Both species were described based on males; therefore, the observed differences cannot be attributed to sexual dimorphism. We consider these differences to be sufficient to recognise Neochrysis amaurotica (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr. as a valid species. The female specimen illustrated by Lucena et al. (2016: Figs 179–181) corresponds to I. amaurotica; records from Brazil should be re-evaluated to confirm the occurrence of I. tropicalis in the country.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB528FFFC39C496CE1D38159D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB529FFF339C496871D22159D.text	AE2DA93DB529FFF339C496871D22159D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura anisitsii (Brethes 1906)	<div><p>Ipsiura anisitsii (Brèthes, 1906) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 13B, 13D)</p><p>Chrysis anisitsii Brèthes, 1906: 9 . Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 511). Paraguay: Distrito Capital: Asunción, Anisits (MACN).</p><p>Chrysis (Hexachrysis) anisitsi Bischoff, 1910: 486 nec Brèthes, 1906. Lectotype ♀, designated by Bohart in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 511). Paraguay: Distrito Capital: Asunción, Anisits (ZMB, examined). Synonyms of Chrysis obidensis Ducke, 1903 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1911: 511); Lucena et al. (2016, 2024: 42).</p><p>Chrysis anisitsii: present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype ♀ of Chrysis (Hexachrysis) anisitsi Bischoff: Asuncion, Paraguay, J.D. Anisits / Asunc. n°130 / Chrysis anisitsii / Chr. anisitzi Brèthes Bisch. &lt;handwritten by Bischoff&gt; / Type / Zool. Mus. Berlin.</p><p>The only specimen in the collection at ZMB lacks lectotype labels by Bohart, but is undoubtedly a syntype from the original description, based on locality labels and identification labels attributed to Bischoff. Considering the type locality and the handwritten labels “ Chrysis anisitsii ” &lt;probably handwritten by Brèthes&gt; and “ Chr. anisitzi [!] Brèthes Bisch” &lt;handwritten by Bischoff&gt;, it is plausible that the specimens studied by Bischoff (1910) were part of the same type series examined by Brèthes (1906). The specimen housed at ZMB perfectly matches the description provided by Brèthes (1906). It is highly likely that Bischoff (1910) studied specimens, at least a male and a female, sent by Friese, Anisits or Schrottky to the ZMB along with other Hymenoptera, as in the case of the holotype of Centris anisitsi (Schrottky, 1908) (Vivallo 2020) . Presumably unaware of Brèthes (1906), Bischoff (1910) described this species as new under the name anisitsi, although he was obviously aware that the name, although differently spelled on the labels, originated from Brèthes, there is no mention of that in the description.</p><p>Both Chrysis anisitsii Brèthes and Chr. anisitsi Bischoff were synonymized with Ipsiura obidensis (Ducke, 1903) by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), but some diagnostic differences can be observed. Specifically, apart from differences in colour patterns (Figs 13A, B), the shape of the black spots on the second sternum is subsquare in I. obidensis (Fig. 13C) and subtrapezoidal in I. anisitsii (Fig. 13D). For these reasons, we resurrect Ipsiura anisitsii (Brèthes, 1906) stat. resurr. and consider I. anisitsi (Bischoff, 1910) as its synonym, in agreement with Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); according to Code Art. 58.14 I. anisitsi (Bischoff) is also a variant spelling of I. anisitsii (Brèthes), the two names deemed to be identical and therefore homonyms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB529FFF339C496871D22159D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB526FFF339C496861CAC12B7.text	AE2DA93DB526FFF339C496861CAC12B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura brevispina (Ducke 1911)	<div><p>Ipsiura brevispina (Ducke, 1911)</p><p>Chrysis brevispina Ducke, 1911: 102 . Syntypes (not lectotype ♂ by inference of “ holotype ”). Brazil: Pará, Óbidos (MZSP).</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) brevispinosa: Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1981): incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Ipsiura brevispina: Bohart (1985); Kimsey (1985); Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Rosa (2009); Lucena et al. (2016, 2019, 2024: 35).</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) brevispina: Linsenmaier (1985).</p><p>Material examined. Syntype ♀: Obidos 2.1.1907 Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / Chrysis ♂ brevispina tipo Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / Brazil Estado do Pará / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Para A. Ducke &lt;handwritten by Invrea&gt; (MSNG).</p><p>Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 508) inadvertently referred to the syntype deposited at MZSP as the “ holotype ”. Lucena et al. (2024) considered the latter as the lectotype by inference of “ holotype ” designated by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), incorrectly applying Code Art. 74.6. Actually Code Art. 74.6 precludes lectotype designation by inference of “ holotype ” in this case because the type series was explicitly based on an unknown number of syntypes, body size specified as 7–7.5 mm, as actually noted by Lucena et al. (2024); their intended designation of a lectotype is therefore invalid. PR has examined only the syntype deposited at MSNG, and a lectotype, if needed, should be designated and illustrated only after analysis of all the available syntypes. For the moment, we do not consider any lectotype designation for this species to be necessary.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB526FFF339C496861CAC12B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB526FFF239C491A91F0D17CD.text	AE2DA93DB526FFF239C491A91F0D17CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura nigriventer Bohart 1985	<div><p>Ipsiura nigriventer Bohart, 1985</p><p>(Figs 14A, B)</p><p>Ipsiura nigriventer Bohart, 1985: 717 . Holotype ♂; Mexico: Oaxaca: 23 mi S Matías Romero, 14.viii.1963, F.D. Parker and L.A. Stange (BME).</p><p>Material examined. 1♀: Brasil Pará, 25.9.1901 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ typ. leucochiloides [sic] Ducke det. A. Ducke / TYPE / Museum Paris, Brésil, Párá A. Ducke 1903 / Lectotypus Chrysis ♀ leucocheiloides Ducke P. Rosa vidit 2016 (MNHN); 1♀ (paralectotype): Brasil Pará 30.4.1902 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ typ. leucochiloides [sic] det. A. Ducke (NMBE) ; 1♀: Obidos 22.11.1907 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ leucochiloides [sic] Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; /ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG) .</p><p>The specimen from Obidos (MSNG) identified by Ducke as Chrysis leucochiloides actually belongs to Ipsiura nigriventer Bohart, 1985 . According to Lucena et al. (2016: 52), I. nigriventer is considered quite morphologically uniform, with conspicuous variation observed only in body length and coloration. However, the specimen from Obidos (MSNG) shows a longer second and third flagellomere (Fig. 14A) compared to the specimen illustrated by Lucena et al. (2016: 53), F2 l/w = 1.7 vs subsquare, and it has smaller black spots on the second sternum (Fig. 14B). Curiously, all identification labels by Ducke misspell the name leucochiloides instead of the published name leucocheiloides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB526FFF239C491A91F0D17CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB527FFF139C492441B621651.text	AE2DA93DB527FFF139C492441B621651.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura sobrina (Linsenmaier 1985)	<div><p>Ipsiura sobrina (Linsenmaier, 1985)</p><p>(Figs 15A–E)</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) sobrina Linsenmaier, 1985: 474 . Holotype ♀. Brazil: São Paolo (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Ipsiura catamarcae Bohart, 1985 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 509); Lucena et al. (2016, 2024: 35). Reinstated by Linsenmaier (1997: 266).</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) sobrina: Synonym of Ipsiura fritzi Bohart, 1985 syn. nov.: present paper.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Neochrysis sobrina, ♀: São Paulo Batatas Pereira 17.X.46 / ♀ Type Neochrysis sobrina Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / 400 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr 0013486 (NMLU).</p><p>Neochrysis sobrina Linsenmaier, 1985 was synonymized by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) with Ipsiura catamarcae Bohart, 1985; however, the type of I. sobrina lacks the diagnostic characters of I. catamarcae, as the post-ocular and metapleural surfaces are fully punctate, rather than polished as in I. catamarcae (Figs 15A, E), the profemur lacks a tooth on the distal margin (Fig. 15E), which is toothed or angled in I. catamarcae, and the metanotum is cristate rather than simply rounded as in I. catamarcae . Conversely, the transversal frontal carina is broad and forms a rounded arc around the anterior ocellus (Fig. 15B), the apical teeth on the third tergum are regularly spaced (Fig. 15C), and the wings are nearly clear (Fig. 15A). This species matches the descriptions and illustrations of I. fritzi Bohart, 1985 as described by Bohart (1985) and Lucena et al. (2016). For this reason, we propose the new synonymy of Neochrysis (Ipsiura) sobrina Linsenmaier, 1985 syn. nov with Ipsiura fritzi Bohart, 1985 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB527FFF139C492441B621651	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB524FFF039C495CA1F921555.text	AE2DA93DB524FFF039C495CA1F921555.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura superleucocheila (Linsenmaier 1985)	<div><p>Ipsiura superleucocheila (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 16A–D)</p><p>Neochrysis (Ipsiura) superleucocheila Linsenmaier, 1985: 470 . Holotype ♀; Bolivia: Santiago (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Ipsiura spiculella Bohart, 1985 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 511); Lucena et al. (2016, 2024: 42). Reinstated by Linsenmaier (1997: 266).</p><p>Ipsiura superleucocheila: present paper, stat. resurr., comb. nov.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Neochrysis superleucocheila, ♀: Bolivien XI.59 St. Conz. Chiquitans, Santiago Coll. Linsenmaier / 398 / ♀ Type Neochrysis superleucocheila Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_ Chr0013459 (NMLU). Paratype, ♀: Paraguay Villarrica II.39 leg. Schade / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis superleucocheila Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013458 (NMLU).</p><p>Ipsiura superleucocheila (Linsenmaier, 1985) was synonymized with I. spiculella Bohart, 1985 . However, the holotype of I. superleucocheila does not share the diagnostic features of I. spiculella but is more closely related to I. leucocheila, as noted by Linsenmaier (1985). I. superleucocheila is more robust, and significantly larger than I. leucocheila, measuring 10–11 mm compared with 6.3–7.1 mm given by Lucena et al. (2016) and 6.5–7.5 mm given by Linsenmaier (1985). The two species share several diagnostic characters, including the shape of the third tergum with four acute apical teeth, a low prepit swelling that slopes gently, a well-developed pit row with small pits and long deep foveae, and a large lateral whitish spot; the cristate metanotum; the transverse frontal carina slightly interrupted medially; the light brown wing membrane; the greenish-blue femora and tibiae; the brownish tarsi with green metabasitarsus; and the profemur without a ventral tooth-like projection or flattened area on the outer surface of the distal margin. The main differences between the two species, besides the robust habitus and the noticeably larger size of I. superleucocheila, include the apical margin of the third tergum, which is roof-like (Fig. 16C) with sharper teeth, more so than in other similar species; the more elongate post-pit row (Fig. 16C); the shape of the black spots on the second sternum, which are larger and more closely positioned medially, separated by only one third of the width of a black spot (Fig. 16D) vs one spot’s width in I. leucocheila . Based on these diagnostic characters, and pending further morphological and molecular analyses, we consider Ipsiura superleucocheila (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr. a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB524FFF039C495CA1F921555	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB525FFF039C496CE1F4A138B.text	AE2DA93DB525FFF039C496CE1F4A138B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipsiura tropicalis Kimsey 1985	<div><p>Ipsiura tropicalis Kimsey, 1985</p><p>Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985: 719 . Holotype ♂; Mexico: Morelos, 5 mi E Cuernavaca, 28.iii.1962, L.A. Stange (BME).</p><p>Material examined. 1♀, Obidos, 21.12.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ leucocheila Mocs. &lt;handwritten by Ducke &gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 2♀, data unrecorded from Obidos and Itaituba, leg. A. Ducke, ex Coll. Gribodo (MSNG); 1♀, Obidos, 23.07.1902 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ leucocheila Mocs. Det. A. Ducke (NMBE); 1♀; Stieglmyr Rio Gr. do Sul / Chrysis leucocheila Mocs. R. du Buysson det. 1901 (NHMW).</p><p>All the material collected by Ducke in Brazil (Obidos and Itaituba) deposited at NMBE, MNHN, MSNG, and NHMW was examined, but note that not all specimens are listed in “Material examined”. These specimens were identified as Chrysis leucocheila Mocsáry, but actually belong to Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985, based on the key and descriptions provided by Lucena et al. (2016). Likely, specimens of Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart listed by Lucena et al. (2016) from the same localities (Obidos and Itaituba deposited at MPEG) were also identified as C. leucocheila by Ducke.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB525FFF039C496CE1F4A138B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB525FFF039C491241CB110E4.text	AE2DA93DB525FFF039C491241CB110E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neochrysis carina (Brulle 1846)	<div><p>Neochrysis carina (Brullé, 1846)</p><p>Chrysis fasciata Fabricius, 1804: 175, nom. praeocc., nec Olivier, 1790. Syntypes. Guyana: Essequibo, Smidt (UZM). Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Chrysis punctatissima Spinola, 1840: 200, nom. praeocc., nec Villers, 1789. Syntypes. French Guyana: Cayenne (MRSN, examined). Objectively invalid name.</p><p>Chrysis carina Brullé, 1846: 35 . Syntypes. French Guyana: Cayenne and different parts of South America (MNHN). Junior synonym of Chrysis fasciata Fabricius, according to Mocsáry (1889).</p><p>Neochrysis carina: Kimsey (1985); Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Obrecht &amp; Huber (1993); Rosa (2009); Zanella &amp; Lucena (2014); Rosa &amp; Xu (2015); Lucena et al. (2019, 2024: 45); Lucena &amp; Almeida (2022).</p><p>Material examined. Syntype ♀: 230 &lt;green square label&gt; / 901 / 9068 34 &lt;round white label&gt; / Museum Paris Province de Corrientes d’Orbigny 1834 / Chrysis carina Br. &lt;handwritten by Brullé&gt; / Chrysis carina Brullé type &lt;handwritten by du Buysson&gt; / Chrysis punctatissima Spin. R. du Buysson det. 1898 / ♀ Syntypus Chrysis carina Brullé P. Rosa vidit 2016 (MNHN).</p><p>Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 515) cited MSNG as the depository of a male syntype of Chrysis carina Brullé. Rosa (2009) found no such specimen in that collection; however, a female syntype collected by d’Orbigny is still deposited at MNHN. It should also be noted that the caption to Fig. 27 of Lucena et al. (2024) should read “ Syntype male [not “ Holotype female”] of Chrysis fasciata …”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB525FFF039C491241CB110E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB522FFF739C494EA1D4A1058.text	AE2DA93DB522FFF739C494EA1D4A1058.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neochrysis glabriceps (Ducke 1903)	<div><p>Neochrysis glabriceps (Ducke, 1903) stat. resurr.</p><p>(Fig. 17A, B)</p><p>Chrysis glabriceps Ducke 1903: 227 . Holotype ♀; Brazil: Pará, Obidos (type depository unknown). Synonym of Neochrysis inseriata (Mocsáry, 1902) according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 515).</p><p>Neochrysis glabriceps (Ducke, 1903): present paper: stat. resurr.</p><p>Material examined. 1♀: Obidos 21.11.1907 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ typ. ! glabriceps Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / Museum Paris Brésil A. Ducke 1908 / TYPE &lt;printed in red&gt; (MNHN); 1♀ [not ♂]: Obidos 21.11.1907 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♂ glabriceps Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 17 additional specimens from Pará sent to Gribodo (MSNG); 1♂: Obidos 7.1.1905 Ducke / Chrysis glabriceps ♂ Ducke det. A. Ducke 1905 (NMBE).</p><p>Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 515) listed the type depository of Chrysis glabriceps as MNHN.They also synonymized Chrysis glabriceps Ducke with Neochrysis inseriata (Mocsáry, 1902) stating that their conclusion was based on the study of type specimens (1991: 514). However, the specimen deposited at MNHN and labelled as type by Ducke does not belong to the type series, as it was collected on 21 November 1907 (Fig. 17A), whereas the holotype was collected on 1 March 1900. Specimens labelled as “types” by Ducke not belonging to the type series are common in European museums (Rosa et al. 2020) and likely signify “autotypes” or “ homotypes ” referring to specimens designated by the author after the original description as identical to the holotype.</p><p>Furthermore, two additional specimens identified as Chr. glabriceps by Ducke in his material housed in NMBE and MSNG likely belong to another species distinguishable by the different form of the black spots of the second sternum. Since Ducke identified as Chr. glabriceps specimens of two similar yet distinct species, we recognise Neochrysis inseriata (Mocsáry, 1902) and Neochrysis glabriceps (Ducke, 1903) stat. resurr. as valid species, with the latter resurrected, pending a revision of its true type.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB522FFF739C494EA1D4A1058	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB523FFF539C494EA1AD91651.text	AE2DA93DB523FFF539C494EA1AD91651.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neochrysis lecointei (Ducke 1907)	<div><p>Neochrysis lecointei (Ducke, 1907)</p><p>(Fig. 18A–D)</p><p>Chrysis lecointei Ducke, 1907: 13 . Syntypes ♀. Brazil: Pará, Óbidos, December 1904 and January 1905, A. Ducke; Pará: Santarém [Lago Grande de Vila Franca], February 1905, P. Le Cointe (MNSN, MPEG, MSNG).</p><p>Material examined. 1♀, Obidos 1905 / Chrysis lecointei Ducke ♀ typ.! / Museum Paris Brésil, Obidos A. Ducke 1909 / TYPUS &lt;printed in red&gt; (MNHN); 1♀: Obidos 1905 / Chrysis ♀ lecointei Ducke typ! &lt;handwritten by Ducke&gt; / Typus Typus &lt;red label&gt; / ♀ Neochrysis insuturalis Lins det. Linsenmaier 93 (NMBE); 1♂: Brazil Estado do Pará / Obidos, 5.1.1905 Ducke / Chrysis punctatissima ♂ aberr. lecointei Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke &gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo, Brasile, Pará, A. Ducke / Syntypus ♂ Chrysis lecointei Ducke, 1906 (MSNG); 1♀, Brazil Estado do Pará / Obidos 1905 / Chrysis punctatissima ♀ aberr. lecointei Ducke &lt;handwritten by Ducke &gt; / ex Coll. Gribodo, Brasile, Pará, A. Ducke / Syntypus ♀ Chrysis lecointei Ducke, 1906 (MSNG).</p><p>PR has examined four of Ducke’s syntype specimens, which belong to two different species based on body sculpture and the black spots on the second sternum. The punctation of the specimens housed in MSNG (Fig. 18A) is spaced with larger punctures, whereas in specimens deposited at MNHN and NMBE (Fig. 18C) is dense and subreticulate. Additionally, the shape of the black spots on the second sternum differs, being subrectangular and basal in the MSNG specimens (Fig. 18B) and comma-like and medially positioned in specimens in MNHN and NMBE (Fig. 18D). Linsenmaier in 1993 examined the specimen deposited at NMBE and identified it as Neochrysis insuturalis Linsenmaier, 1985 . Since the type series includes at least two distinct species, a lectotype designation is needed to fix the interpretation of this taxon. However, we refrain from making this designation at present, as a comprehensive revision of the genus is needed to determine the most appropriate lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB523FFF539C494EA1AD91651	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB520FFF439C495CB1ACB17E1.text	AE2DA93DB520FFF439C495CB1ACB17E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neochrysis transstriata Linsenmaier 1985	<div><p>Neochrysis transstriata Linsenmaier, 1985 stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figs 19A–D)</p><p>Neochrysis (Neochrysis) transstriata Linsenmaier, 1985: 454 . Surinam: Paramaribo, Schneble (NMLU, examined). Synonym of Neochrysis tysis Kimsey, 1985 according to Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991: 517); Lucena et al. (2024: 48). Reinstated by Linsenmaier (1997: 265).</p><p>Neochrysis transstriata: present paper, stat. resurr..</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀: Surinam Paramaribo leg. P.B. Schneble / I.56 Coll. Lins. / 385 / Neochrysis transstriata Lins. det. Linsenmaier 1985 / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr0013403 (NMLU).</p><p>Neochrysis transstriata was synonymized with N. tysis by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); however, it is distinct from N. tysis by having: F2 longer than F3; mesopleuron strongly angulated with ventral margin of mesopleuron strongly projecting as a sharp carina, which appears lobed (Fig. 19B); third metasomal tergum fully metallic (Fig. 19C); black spots on second sternum very small, comma-like, broadly separated medially (Fig. 19D), whereas N. tysis has: F2 equal to F3; mesopleuron relatively rounded ventrally, carina without teeth or lobes; third metasomal tergum with large whitish basolateral spot; black spots on second sternum large and ovoid, barely separated medially. We therefore consider Neochrysis transstriata Linsenmaier, 1985 stat. resurr. a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB520FFF439C495CB1ACB17E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB521FFF439C495831A3B13C9.text	AE2DA93DB521FFF439C495831A3B13C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron 1888)	<div><p>Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888)</p><p>Holopyga kohli du Buysson, 1901: 100 . Lectotype ♀ [not holotype as in Lucena et al. 2024: 49], designated by French 1985: 623, by inference from the use of the term “ holotype ” (MNHN, examined) according to Rosa et al. (2020). Synonymized with Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888) by French (1985).</p><p>As noted by Rosa et al. (2020), du Buysson (1901) described Holopyga kohli based on an unknown number of specimens belonging to NHMW and received from F.F. Kohl. He returned at least one specimen to NHMW, examined by Rosa et al. (2020), but apparently retained one female syntype for his collection, now part of the General Collection at MNHN, box 10. It has been accepted, under the Third Edition of the Code then in effect (ICZN 1985: Article 74(b)), that French (1985: 623) effectively designated this specimen as the lectotype by citing it as the “ holotype ”. It can be argued, however, that French’s “designation” was actually invalid since he apparently made no attempt to establish whether du Buysson had only a single specimen or not, and the suspicion should have been that he had more than one since du Buysson’s paper dealt with specimens belonging to NHMW and made no mention of any in MNHN, and also indicated variation in coloration of specimens: “ entièrement vert ou vert-bleu ”. The current Code (ICZN 1999: Article 74.6) is clearer in its requirements, stating that even the implication of the existence of syntypes in the original description precludes acceptance of mention of a “ holotype ” as equivalent to a lectotype designation. Consequently, French’s (1985) citation of the MNHN specimen as “ holotype ” is unjustified. In order to maintain current concepts, however, we hereby formally designate the specimen in MNHN (labelled Wthm. [= Winthem] / MUSEUM PARIS Brésil Köhl 1901 / TYPE / Holopyga kohli Buys. n. sp. type R. du Buysson det. 1901 / LECTOTYPUS Holopyga ♀ Kohli Buysson P. Rosa vidit 2016) as the lectotype; the specimen in NHMW, illustrated in Rosa et al. (1920: Fig. 65), remains the only known paralectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB521FFF439C495831A3B13C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB521FFF439C491331F8E1129.text	AE2DA93DB521FFF439C491331F8E1129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holophris Mocsary 1890	<div><p>Genus Holophris Mocsáry, 1890</p><p>The gender of the genus Holophris (from the Greek words όλη [óli = complete] and ỏφρύς [ophrys = eyebrow]) is feminine and not masculine as supposed by previous authors, therefore all names were treated as feminine by Rosa et al. (2016a). The correct current combination for Ellampus albolimbatus Ducke, 1908 is therefore Holophris albolimbata (Ducke, 1908) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB521FFF439C491331F8E1129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB521FFCB39C492CB1F8A16BD.text	AE2DA93DB521FFCB39C492CB1F8A16BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holopyga luzulina Dahlbom 1854	<div><p>Holopyga luzulina Dahlbom, 1854</p><p>Holopyga luzulina Dahlbom, 1854: 49 . Lectotype ♂ designated by Rosa &amp; Xu (2015: 61). Brazil (MRSN, examined). Bohart &amp; Kimsey (1982), Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Rosa &amp; Xu (2015); Lucena &amp; Almeida (2022); Lucena et al. (2022).</p><p>Holopyga lazulina: incorrect subsequent spelling by Mocsáry (1889: 124); Dalla Torre (1892); Brèthes (1903, 1906); Ducke (1913); Krombein (1979); Lucena et al. (2024: 52).</p><p>Lucena et al. (2024) considered the original spelling luzulina as “an incorrect subsequent spelling” [sic!] and lazulina as a justified emendation. The true situation is essentially the opposite. The name luzulina was proposed by Dahlbom (1854) to preserve the original spelling used by Spinola in his collection ( Hedychrum luzulinum); therefore, the name luzulina was intentionally assigned and should not be altered. The use of lazulina by Mocsáry, Dalla Torre and others was merely an incorrect spelling since there is no indication in any of those works that this spelling was deliberately proposed as a correction of Dahlbom’s spelling, they just misread the original, and the error proliferated through copying. The incorrect spelling has by no means become the prevailing usage, actually not used since 1981 at least, until Lucena et al ’s recent resuscitation of it, so it cannot be deemed to be a correct spelling (Code Art. 33.3.1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB521FFCB39C492CB1F8A16BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C491A41C3711FF.text	AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C491A41C3711FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cleptidea Mocsary 1904	<div><p>Genus Cleptidea Mocsáry, 1904</p><p>Lucena et al. (2024: 53) reported that the type species of Cleptidea Mocsáry, 1904 is Cleptes aurora Smith, 1874 by original designation. However, the genus was described based on four species: Cleptes aurora Smith, 1874, Ces. mutilloides Ducke, 1902, Ces. fasciata Dalman, 1823 and Ces. xanthomelaena [unjustified emendation of C. xanthomelas Mocsáry, 1889, see below] Mocsáry, 1904 without type-species designation. The type species, Cleptes aurora, was designated by Kimsey (1981).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C491A41C3711FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C495A71C41120B.text	AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C495A71C41120B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holopyga wagneriella du Buysson 1904	<div><p>Holopyga wagneriella du Buysson, 1904</p><p>Holopyga wagneriella du Buysson, 1904: 255 . Syntypes ♂ and ♀; Argentina: Santiago del Estero, La Palisa 5 km N Brucho, 1903, E.R. Wagner (type depository unknown). Brèthes (1909); Bischoff (1913); Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991).</p><p>Holopyga wagnerella: incorrect subsequent spelling by du Buysson (1906, 1909, 1910); Ducke (1914), Rocha-Filho et al. (2019); Lucena &amp; Almeida (2022); Lucena et al. (2022, 2024: 52).</p><p>Lucena et al. (2024) considered the incorrect subsequent spelling wagnerella as a justified emendation and the original spelling wagneriella as an “incorrect subsequent spelling” [sic!]. Their justification states: “The name “ Holopyga Wagneriella ” appears just once on the heading of the species description. No other mention to this name is presented in the original work. Thereafter, the name “ Holopyga Wagnerella ” was recurrently cited by du Buysson (1906, 1909, 1910), clearly indicating an emendation to original intended name”. This interpretation is incorrect, as it only reflects the repetition of an incorrect subsequent spelling by du Buysson and does not constitute a valid emendation. For an emendation to be valid, it must be demonstrably intentional, and this can occur when there is an explicit statement of intent in the work itself or in an author’s (or publisher’s) corrigenda, or when both the original and the changed spelling are cited and the latter is adopted in place of the former, or when two or more names in the same work are treated in a similar way (Code Art. 33.2.1). None of these conditions apply here. Furthermore, the name wagnerella cannot be considered to be in prevailing use, and other citations of wagneriella exist in the literature (e.g. Brèthes 1909). The spelling wagneriella must thus be considered to be the correct original spelling.</p><p>du Buysson (1904) described Holopyga wagneriella based on specimens of both sexes (lengths 3–5 mm) in MNHN, from Argentina, Santiago del Estero Province, La Palisa, 5 km north of Brucho (leg. Wagner, 1903). The specimen labelled as a type at MNHN was collected in Brazil, Minas Gerais, in 1903 and cannot be considered part of the type series, as noted by Lucena et al. (2024). A second specimen housed at MNHN was collected in Argentina in 1907 and is also not part of the type series. The location of the syntypes is currently unknown, but they are apparently lost or destroyed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C495A71C41120B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51EFFCA39C493601D411699.text	AE2DA93DB51EFFCA39C493601D411699.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cleptidea aurora (Smith 1874)	<div><p>Cleptidea aurora (Smith, 1874)</p><p>Cleptes aurora Smith, 1874: 452 . Lectotype ♀; designated by Kimsey (1986b: 106). BRAZIL, Amazonas: Tefé [“Ega”].</p><p>Cleptidea aurora: Mocsáry (1904), Ducke (1907), Kimsey (1981, 1986b), Kimsey and Bohart (1991), Lucena et al. (2024: 54).</p><p>Cleptes aurora var. robustior Ducke, 1913: 30 . Syntypes [not lectotype ♂]; Brazil: Faro (MZSP). Junior synonym of Cleptes aurora Smith, according to Kimsey (1986b: 314).</p><p>Ducke (1913) described Cleptes aurora var. robustior based on an unknown number of syntypes of different sizes. Kimsey (1986b) examined the “type” in MZSP without further information and synonymized Cid . a. robustior with Cid . aurora Smith, 1874 . Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) reported “Type?” (question mark probably related to the sex of the type) examined in MZSP, and Lucena et al. (2024) considered the latter as the lectotype by inference of “ holotype ” designated by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991), incorrectly applying Code Art. 74.6. As in the case of Ipsiura brevispina, Code Art. 74.6 precludes lectotype designation by inference of “ holotype ” because the type series was explicitly based on an unknown number of syntypes (body size specified as 7–9 mm). The intended designation of a lectotype by Lucena et al. (2024) is therefore invalid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB51EFFCA39C493601D411699	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C495831CB214A4.text	AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C495831CB214A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cleptidea buyssoni (Ducke 1905)	<div><p>Cleptidea buyssoni (Ducke, 1905)</p><p>Cleptes aurora var. buyssoni Ducke, 1905: 29 . Holotype ♂; Brazil: Oyapook (MNHN).</p><p>Cleptes aurora var. dubuyssoni Ducke, 1913: 12 . Unnecessary replacement name for Cleptes buyssoni Ducke, 1905 .</p><p>Cleptidea buyssoni (Ducke, 1905): Kimsey (1981).</p><p>Cleptidea dubuyssoni: Kimsey (1986b); Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Móczár (1996a, 1996b); Lucena et al. (2024: 55).</p><p>Ducke (1913) replaced the name Cleptes buyssoni Ducke, 1905 with Ces. dubuyssoni, erroneously assuming it to be a junior homonym of “ Cleptes buyssoni … Semenow, 1891 ”. This replacement is unnecessary, as Semenow’s species, Cleptes buyssonis Semenow, 1892, is actually spelled differently (Rosa et al. 2017), and it is therefore not a homonym of Ces. buyssoni Ducke. Cleptidea dubuyssoni (Ducke, 1913) must thus be regarded as an objective junior synonym of Cleptidea buyssoni (Ducke, 1905) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C495831CB214A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C4979C1FAD1147.text	AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C4979C1FAD1147.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cleptidea xanthomelas (Mocsary 1889)	<div><p>Cleptidea xanthomelas (Mocsáry, 1889)</p><p>Cleptes xanthomelas Mocsáry, 1889: 36 . Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey 1981 [not 1986b]: 806; Brazil: Blumenau (MNHN, examined). Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991); Lucena et al. (2024: 57)</p><p>Cleptidea xanthomelaena: Mocsáry, 1904: 569. Unjustified emendation of Cleptes xanthomelas Mocsáry, 1889 .</p><p>Mocsáry (1904) unjustifiably emended the name Cleptes xanthomelas Mocsáry, 1889 to Cleptidea xanthomelaena, presumably to change the ending from masculine to feminine, in his list of species included in his new genus Cleptidea (see above). The emendation was demonstrably intentional since both the original and the changed spelling are cited and the latter is adopted in place of the former (Code Art. 33.2.1). This emendation has remained unnoticed by subsequent authors. However, according to Code Art. 31.2.3 the name xanthomelas remains unchanged as it is not a Latin or latinized word, merely being a simple transliteration of the Greek, and its final component is actually listed in the examples of such words: “Species-group names such as melas, melaina, melan; polychloros, polychloron; celebrachys; nakpo from the Tibetan word meaning black, remain unchanged when transferred from combination with a generic name of one gender to combination with one of another gender. But melaena is a latinized adjective derived from the Greek melaina, and must be changed when so transferred, with an appropriate Latin gender ending (- us masculine, - um neuter)”. The emendation has apparently not been adopted as valid since its proposal, and Cleptidea xanthomelaena (Mocsáry, 1904) remains an objective junior synonym of Cleptidea xanthomelas (Mocsáry, 1899) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C4979C1FAD1147	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Brothers, Denis J.	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
