taxonID	type	description	language	source
AE2DA93DB53CFFE939C497261B5711DF.taxon	discussion	Adelphe flavipes was described based primarily on a male specimen collected in “ Pará ” on May 28, 1902, subsequently deposited at MNHN; a second, possibly aberrant, specimen, collected at “ Itaituba ” on the Tapajós (Pará), on August 19, 1902, subsequently deposited at MPEG, was noted as differing from the first in a single character, but was not explicitly excluded from conspecificity. Ducke (1903) referred to the first specimen as “ dem typischen Stücke ” (= the typical specimen) when comparing the two, referring to their apparently differing numbers of visible abdominal segments [“ … und dies scheint bei dem typischen Stücke der Fall zu sein ” = … and this seems to be the case with the typical specimen]. Therefore, the first specimen, collected in Pará has to be interpreted as the holotype according to Code Art. 73.1.1, which states: “ If an author when establishing a new nominal species-group taxon states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is the holotype, or “ the type ”, or uses some equivalent expression, that specimen is the holotype fixed by original designation ”. Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 85) correctly reported the “ Pará ” specimen as the holotype. In contrast, Lucena et al. (2024: 7) considered Adelphe flavipes as having been described from two syntypes and applied Code Art. 74.6, treating the specimen collected in Pará as the lectotype by inference of “ holotype ” by Kimsey & Bohart. However, Code Art. 74.6 states: “ When it has been accepted that a nominal species-group taxon was based on a single specimen and the original description neither implies nor requires that there were syntypes, and if it is considered subsequently that the original description was based on more than one specimen, the first author to have published before 2000 the assumption that the species-group taxon was based upon a single type specimen is deemed to have designated that specimen as the lectotype ”. So, Code Art. 74.6 cannot be applied because the number of specimens, two, studied by the author is known, while the article refers to taxa for which it is unclear from the original description whether they were described based on a series of syntypes or not.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53CFFE839C4934C1C0216BD.taxon	discussion	Adelphe metallica was considered a valid species within the genus Adelphe by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), and Kimsey (2008) who revised the Neotropical species and provided diagnostic characters in a key. However, Lucena et al. (2024) synonymized this species again, apparently based on the interpretation by Ducke (1911). We have not personally examined any type material and consider the measurements provided by Kimsey (2008) possibly to reflect intraspecific variability. Nonetheless, further clarification by the authors on their synonymization would have been welcome to better understand their species concept and whether they examined type material or based their interpretation solely on Ducke (1911).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C4965E1DCA1271.taxon	discussion	Kimsey (in Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 92) designated the lectotype of Amisega aeneiceps based on a male from Itaituba but apparently did not pin any type label to the specimen in the collection. As noticed by Rosa et al. (2020: 24) and illustrated by Lucena et al. (2024: fig. 8) the only specimen labelled as “ TYPE ” [with printed red label typical of type material deposited at MNHN] is a male collected at Obidos, one of the type localities mentioned in the original description, and not in Itaituba. It has to be noted that Kimsey and Bohart systematically selected as holotypes or lectotypes specimens at MNHN previously labelled with printed labels “ TYPE ” or “ LECTOTYPE ” by an unknown technician, who often did not pay attention to original descriptions (Rosa 2024 a). In this case, the specimen labelled as “ TYPE ” was part of the type series, labelled as such by Ducke, and matches one of the type localities given in the description. Rosa et al. (2020) did not comment on the discrepancy between the locality of the specimen they considered as the lectotype and that specified by Kimsey, and they did not “ invalidate ” the female lectotype as implied by Lucena et al. (2024) who stated: “ Our interpretation is that the lectotype designation by L. S. Kimsey is still valid ”. Rosa et al. (2020) apparently considered that Kimsey specified the wrong locality, whereas Lucena et al. (2024) considered that Kimsey specified the wrong sex. Taking into consideration that no specimen has Kimsey’s lectotype label, and none matches the data provided with the lectotypification, the lectotype cannot be unambiguously identified and should be considered lost or destroyed. Paralectotypes are deposited at HMNH, MNHN, NHMW, NMBE, and MPEG (Rosa et al. 2020; Lucena et al. 2024) and there is no confusion about the identity of the species, so designation of a neotype is not necessary.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53DFFE839C491EA1A6410BD.taxon	discussion	Lucena et al. (2024) elevated A. cyaniceps to species rank without providing any explanation. This taxon was previously synonymized with A. mocsaryi by Kimsey (1987), where A. cyaniceps was not mentioned, and by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). A visual comparison of the photographs of A. cyaniceps and the type material of A. mocsaryi reveals minimal differences, which could be interpreted as intraspecific variation. It is possible that the authors examined additional material that justifies separating the two species, however a comment supporting the status of A. cyaniceps as a valid species would be valuable in future publications.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C497741FFC1314.taxon	discussion	Lucena et al. (2024) followed the synonymic list of Caenochrysis as given by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) without improvements, correctly noting that Caenochrysis is the most challenging Neotropical genus. Since PR has had access to Linsenmaier’s collection, we revalidate the following four species below: Caenochrysis aptata (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.; Cae. invisa (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.; Cae. scyphiphora (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr.; Cae. turmalina (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr., all previously synonymized by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) without type examination.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEF39C494A21A2E151C.taxon	discussion	Lucena et al. (2024) considered Duckeia gracile as the valid name for this taxon. However, the genus Duckeia is feminine, as treated by the original author (Costa Lima 1936) according to Arts 30.2.2 and 30.2.3. Therefore, the correct spelling of the species name is Duckeia gracilis (feminine), not gracile (neuter).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEE39C4900C1A1E1241.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A – C)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEE39C4900C1A1E1241.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis aptata, ♀: Argentin. prov. Entre Rios Pronunciamiento 1964 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041180 (NMLU). Allotype and paratypes: 11 ♂♂, and 2 ♀♀: same data / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041165 - 41181 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Bolivien La Paz 1953 3630 m Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041175 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Brasilien Obidos Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041166 (NMLU); 4 ♀♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann X. 60, III. 61, III. 62, 300 - 500 m / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041176 - 41179 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53AFFEE39C4900C1A1E1241.taxon	discussion	Chrysis aptata Linsenmaier, 1984 and Cae. invisa Linsenmaier, 1984 were synonymized with Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889). More broadly, Kimsey & Bohart (1991) synonymized 13 species within Caenochrysis, including six South American species described by Linsenmaier (1984), without examining primary types. Most of Linsenmaier’s (1984, 1985, 1994) Chrysididae described from North and South America are valid species and warrant reinstatement. Linsenmaier’s (1984) description of Chrysis aptata and the holotype differ from the description of Cae. armata and specimens identified as Cae. armata by Ducke in European collections. Specifically, Cae. armata has short first and second flagellomeres of equal length, as described by Mocsáry (1889): “ tertio brevi, quarto aequali ” [Mocsáry’s third antennomere corresponds to the first flagellomere]; the transverse frontal carina is bilobed; the metasoma is blue with black to violet colour at the base (“ abdominis segmentis dorsalibus cyaneis, basi nigroviolaceis ”); the punctation is dense, with large punctures (“ dense sat crasse ”) that become smaller in the second half of the tergum, whereas Cae. aptata has the first flagellomere distinctly longer than the second (1.7 × as long) (Fig. 1 A); the transverse frontal carina is arched (Fig. 1 A); the metasoma is uniformly green laterally to blue dorsally, without any black, bluish or violet stripes or areas (Figs 1 A – C), and the punctation is dense with small, uniform punctures across the entire tergum (Fig. 1 B). Caenochrysis aptata can further be distinguished from Cae. invisa by having the first flagellomere 1.7 × as long as the second; a sharp transverse frontal carina that is red and contrasts with the green-bluish head (Fig. 1 A) and arched with two lateral, elongate branches directed to the vertex; the metasoma uniformly green to blue, without black to bluish or violet stripes or areas (Fig. 1 B); the discoidal cell distinct, whereas Cae. invisa has the first flagellomere 1.4 × as long as the second; a weak transverse frontal carina, concolorous with the rest of the head and irregularly arched with two short, barely visible branches (Fig. 1 D); the metasoma with a narrow dark to black stripe at the base of the first and second terga (Fig. 1 E); and the discoidal cell faint (Fig. 1 F).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53BFFEE39C491BA1D5D11E7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀: Obidos I. 1905 Ducke / Chrysis crotonis Ducke type ♂ <handwritten by Ducke> / Brazil. Mus. Goeldi. 1910 - 90 / B. M. TYPE HYM. 13.59 b / SYNTYPE / BMNH (E) # 970930 (NHMUK). An additional male syntype is deposited at NHMUK.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53BFFED39C493591DE615B1.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D – F)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53BFFED39C493591DE615B1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis invisa, ♀: Argentinien I. 53 S. P. Colalao Tucuman Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041155 (NMLU). Paratypes: 2 ♀♀: same data / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041152 - 41153 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Argentina: Tuc. Horco Molle, c. 12 km. W of Tucuman. 700 m 17. III. 1974 C. R. Vardy B. M. 1974 - 204 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041154 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB53BFFED39C493591DE615B1.taxon	discussion	Both Chrysis invisa Linsenmaier, 1984 and Chr. aptata Linsenmaier, 1984 were synonymized with Caenochrysis armata (Mocsáry, 1889). However, Linsenmaier’s (1984) description of Cae. invisa and its type material does not match the description of Cae. armata, nor specimens identified as Cae. armata by Ducke and deposited at European collections. In particular, compared to the diagnosis of Cae. armata given above under Cae. aptata, Cae. invisa has the first flagellomere 1.4 × as long as the second (Fig. 1 D); the transverse frontal carina is weak, concolorous with the rest of the head, and irregularly arched with two short, barely visible branches (Fig. 1 D); the metasoma is uniformly green to blue, with a narrow dark black stripe at the base of the first and second terga (Fig. 1 E); the metasomal punctation is dense and uniform, with small punctures covering the entire tergum (Fig. 1 E). Caenochrysis invisa can also be distinguished from Cae. aptata as detailed above under Cae. aptata. Based on these characters, we consider Caenochrysis invisa (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr. a valid species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB538FFEC39C4922C1EA8136D.taxon	description	(Figs 2 A, D, G)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB538FFEC39C4922C1EA8136D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis chrysofacialis, 1 ♀: Maranhão S. Luiz 8.6.1907 Ducke / Chrysis aliena Mocs. det. / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041352 (NMLU). Holotype of Chrysis parvula, 1 ♀: square green label / Essequibo. Smidt Mus: D: Lund. Chrysis parvula Fabr. / TYPE / ZMUC 00241222 (ZMUC, examination based on pictures). The following specimens are deposited at NMLU: Argentina: 1 ♀; Arg. S. d. Estero R. Salado 10 k e. n. e. Colonia Dora 17. - 25. XI. 1979 C. & M. Vardy B. M. 1980 - 67 / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1983 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041357. Brazil: 1 ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann XII. 1960 300 - 500 m / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1983 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041356; 1 ♀: Brasilien Rio Solimoes Coll. Linsenmaier / Chrysis aliena Mocs. det. Ducke 1908 / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1973 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041351. Guyana: 1 ♀: British Guiana: Coll. Richards & Smart B. M. 1937 - 776 / Mazaruni Clearing 12. VIII. 1937 / in colony house / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041354; 1 ♀: British Guiana: Coll. Richards & Smart B. M. 1937 - 776 / Mazaruni Clearing 17. IX. 1937 / in colony house / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041355. Peru: 1 ♂: Tingo Maria (Rio Huallaga) 700 m 1.4.1940 leg. Weyrauch / Chrysis aliena Mocs. det. Ducke 1908 / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041350; 1 ♂: Peru 1. IV. 40 Tingo Maria Huallaga 700 m / Weyrauch / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041358; 1 ♂: Tingo Maria (Rio Huallaga) 700 m 1940 leg. Weyrauch / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1979 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041359; 1 ♂: Peru V. 68 Cord. Azul Previsto 700 m Coll. Linsenmaier / Allotype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041353: 1 ♀: Peru: 20 mi W of Pucallpa 3. X. 1954 / E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross Collector / Paratype Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041360; 1 ♂: Rio Pachitea Iparia 320 m 11. II. 68 Col.: R. Garcia / Chrysis Trichrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier det. 1990 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041361.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB538FFEC39C4922C1EA8136D.taxon	discussion	Chrysis chrysofacialis Linsenmaier, 1984, Chr. scyphiphora Linsenmaier, 1984 and Chr. turmalina Linsenmaier, 1984 were synonymized by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) based on Linsenmaier’s descriptions. Of these, only Cae. chrysofacialis is apparently a synonym of Cae. parvula, although one of the key diagnostic characters, the arched transverse frontal carina, cannot be verified as the head of the holotype of Cae. chrysofacialis is lost; however, further examination of paratypes may prove definitive. Meanwhile, based on morphological comparison of the types of Cae. chrysofacialis and Cae. parvula, we consider these two taxa as conspecific. Linsenmaier (1984) also accepted the synonymization of Cae. parvula with Cae. tridens Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1825 proposed by Mocsáry (1889), although he considered it doubtful because of the different sizes of these two species; they were later considered as two valid species by Kimsey & Bohart (1991).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFEC39C490D71C0711E5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀: des Mines / Museum Paris des Mines / Chrysis producta Br. <handwritten by Brullé> type. <handwritten by du Buysson> / Chrysis brasiliana Guérin R. du Buysson det. 1898 / Holotypus Chrysis producta ♀ Brullé P. Rosa vidit 2016 (MNHN).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFEC39C490D71C0711E5.taxon	discussion	The type depository of Chrysis producta was given as doubtfully MNHN in Kimsey & Bohart (1991) and Lucena et al. (2024). The specimen is indeed housed at MNHN. This taxon was synonymized with Chr. brasiliana Guérin-Méneville, 1842 by Mocsáry (1889) and PR also examined its type at MSNG. Some differences between the two exist, though these were not evaluated across a larger series. The mesopleuron differs in shape, having a short, incomplete episternal sulcus compared to the complete and elongate sulcus in Chr. brasiliana, and the black spots on the second sternum are smaller in Chr. producta. More material is needed to determine whether Chr. producta should be resurrected from synonymy.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFE339C4935F1D0E1469.taxon	description	(Figs 2 B, E, H)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFE339C4935F1D0E1469.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis scyphiphora, ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann I. 1960 300 - 500 m / ♀ Type Chrysis L. scyphiphora Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1973 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041389 (NMLU). Allotype: ♂: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann 6. X. 1960 300 - 500 m / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041390 (NMLU). Paratype: 1 ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann 15. II. 1969 300 - 500 m / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041388 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB539FFE339C4935F1D0E1469.taxon	discussion	Chrysis scyphiphora Linsenmaier, 1984 was synonymized with Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) together with Chr. chrysofacialis and Chr. turmalina by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Caenochrysis scyphiphora can be differentiated from Cae. parvula by the coarse punctation on the mesosoma (Fig. 2 B); the metasomal sculpture with wide interspaces (Fig. 2 E); the second tergum fully punctate, with sparse punctures on the posterior half (Fig. 2 E); the apical margin of the third tergum rounded laterally (Fig. 2 E); whereas in Cae. parvula the punctation on the mesosoma is relatively dense and uniform (Fig. 2 A); the first tergum is fully punctate (Fig. 2 D); the second tergum has a wide, impunctate longitudinal median stripe (Fig. 2 D); and the apical margin of the third tergum is distinctly tridentate, with two small, acute lateral angles (Fig. 2 D). Caenochrysis scyphiphora can be differentiated from Cae. turmalina by the coarse punctation on the mesosoma (Fig. 2 B) and the elongate black spots on the second sternum (Fig. 2 H), whereas in Cae. turmalina the mesosomal punctures are small and sparse (Fig. 2 C) and the black spots on the second sternum are ovoid and apically convergent (Fig. 2 I). Pending a revision of all of the species synonymized with Cae. parvula, based on the different sculpture, shape of the apical margin of the third tergum and of the black spots on the second sternum, we consider Caenochrysis scyphiphora (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr. a valid species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB536FFE339C497D31D931055.taxon	description	(Figs 2 C, F, I)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB536FFE339C497D31D931055.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis turmalina, ♀: Paraguay Paso Yobai IX. 54 Coll. Linsenmaier / ♀ Type Chrysis L. turmalina Lins det. Linsenmaier 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041383 (NMLU). Allotype: ♂: Paraguay XII. 50 Paso Yobai Caaguazu Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041384 (NMLU). Paratypes: 1 ♀: Argent. Choya Prov. Santiago del Estero V. 62 Forster Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041381 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Argent. Choya Prov. Santiago del Estero XII. 63 Forster Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041381 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Argentinien Rio Salado Icano 1937 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041363 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Bahia Iguassù Roman / Sv. Amaz. Exp. Roman / 18 Juli / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041378 (NMLU); 1 #: Paraguay XII. 50 Guaira 300 m C. Pfannel Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041365 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Paraguay IV. 51 Independencia Coll. Lins. / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041377 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Paraguay VIII. 51 Col. Independencia Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041376 (NMLU); 1 ♂, Paraguay Paso Yobai XII. 50 Caagnazu Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041362 (NMLU); 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀: Paraguay Paso Yobai IX. 54 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0041366 - 41373 (NMLU); 1 ♀, Paraguay Paso Yobai X. 55 Coll. Linsenmaier / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 00413674 (NMLU). Chrysis turmalina Linsenmaier, 1984 was synonymized with Caenochrysis parvula (Fabricius, 1804) together with Chr. chrysofacialis and Chr. scyphiphora by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Cae. turmalina can be distinguished from Cae. parvula and Cae. scyphiphora by its small and sparse punctures on the mesosoma (Fig. 2 C), which are even more widely spaced on the mesoscutellum; the straight apical margin of the third tergum, without distinct teeth, but with right-angled lateral corners (Fig. 2 F); and the black spots on the second sternum which are rounded and not elongate or ovoid like in the other two species (Fig. 2 F). Based on these diagnostic characters, we consider Caenochrysis turmalina (Linsenmaier, 1984) stat. resurr. a valid species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB537FFE239C494A21A2B15C4.taxon	description	(Figs 3 A – C)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB537FFE239C494A21A2B15C4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype of Chrysis aequinoctialis, ♂: Chrysis aequinoctialis Spin. inédite D. Reiche, Bresil (MRSN). Lectotype of Chrysis schulthessi, ♂: Bilimek Mexico 1871 Cuernavacca / Schulthessi det. Mocsáry (NHMW). Holotype of Chrysis peruviana, ♂: Museum Paris Pérou (Cusco) Gay 59 - 49 / Chrysis peruviana Buyss. type R. du Buysson det. 1898 / TYPE (MNHN). This is considered a valid species, see comments on Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB537FFE239C490A51A401097.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 A)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB537FFE239C490A51A401097.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Paralectotype of Chrysis anceps, ♀: 2120 / Chrysis anceps Grib. Typus <handwritten by Gribodo> / Determ. 1889 du Buysson / Hexachrysis anceps Grib. = smidti Dahlb.? S. Zimmermann det. [this specimen is badly preserved; it lacks head, legs and metasoma ventrally and internal parts due to a dermestid attack] (RBINS); Paralectotype of Chrysis anceps, ♀: M. Co. 1888. 13. / Chrysis 6 - dentata? F. ♀ / Kolumbien 1888 Type Le. W. / Chrysis anceps Grib. Typus <handwritten by Gribodo> / Chrysis (Hexachr.) Smidti Dhlb. / Chrysis smidti Dahlb. ♀ A. Mocsary det. / typus (ZSM). Holotype of Chrysis aperta, ♂: Vera Cruz / Museum Paris Vera Cruz Coll. O. Sichel 1867 / Chrysis aperta Buyss. type R. du Buysson det. 1898 / TYPE (MNHN). Holotype of Chrysis hexodontophora, ♀: Paraguay 19. I. – Fiebrig S. V. / Hexachrysis hexodontophora Bisch. <handwritten by Bischoff> / Type / Zoo. Mus. Berlin (ZMB). This is considered a valid species, see comments on Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846. Ducke identified specimens of Chrysis anceps deposited at European museums as Chr. smidti (see below).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB534FFE039C492841DBB159D.taxon	description	(Figs 5 D – F)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB534FFE039C492841DBB159D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis fraterna, ♀: Blumenau Brasil. 1885. I Hetschko / fraterna det. Mocsáry / binominata det. Mocsáry type / Holotype Chrysis fraterna Mocsáry 1889 ♀! P. Rosa vidit 2012 (NHMW). Holotype of Chrysis excavata, ♀: 229 / 2571 – 93 / Museum Paris Brésil Gaudichaud 1833 / Chrysis excavata Br <handwritten by Brullé> / Chrysis excavata Brullé type <handwritten by du Buysson> / TYPE (MNHN). Other non-type material in the collections of NMBE, MSNG, NMLU, NHMW.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB534FFE039C492841DBB159D.taxon	discussion	Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1889 is similar to Chrysis excavata Brullé, 1846 (Figs 5 A – C), but it can be distinguished by several characters including: the shape of the transverse frontal carina, which is broadly M-shaped in Chr. binominata (Fig. 5 D); the genal carina, where the distance between the ventral margin of the eye and the genal carina is twice as large in Chr. binominata (Fig. 5 E) compared to the same distance in Chr. excavata (Fig. 5 B); and the proximity of the black spots, which are closer together in Chr. binominata (Fig. 5 F) than in Chr. excavata (Fig. 5 C). Chrysis binominata Mocsáry, 1899 stat. resurr. is therefore considered a valid species. However, it is probable that Chr. excavata represents a species complex with multiple species synonyminzed by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) and therefore a reassessment of this group is needed. Specimens identified by Ducke and Linsenmaier as Chr. diana Mocsáry, 1889 and Chr. pleuretica Mocsáry, 1912 also exhibit differences, however, the type series of these taxa were not studied in this research and must be evaluated in future studies.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C496871CFF134C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀: Obidos 7.1.1905 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ carinulata Mocs. det. A. Ducke (NMBE); 1 ♀: Obidos 24.12.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ carinulata Mocs. <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 1 ♂: Paraguay Caa-Guazù 350 m 20.11.50 Foerster / ♂ Chrysis carinulata Mocs. Linsenmaier det. 64 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C496871CFF134C.taxon	discussion	In European collections such as MSNG and NMBE, specimens identified by Ducke as Chrysis carinulata belong to different species. A revision of the intricans species group is pending, and study of the holotype is needed to accurately determine the identity of this taxon.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C490B41D51104B.taxon	description	(Figs 6 A – C)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C490B41D51104B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis chiriquensis, ♀: Chiriqui Ribbe / 21387 / Chr. chiriquensis Bisch. / Type (ZMB). Lectotype of Chrysis propinqua, ♀: Blumenau Brasil. 1885. I Hetschko. / propinqua Type det. Mocsáry / C. nisseri sec. Gen. Ins. / type / Lectotype Chrysis propinqua Mocsáry, 1889 ♀ des. by Bohart 1982 <label by P. Rosa> (NHMW).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB535FFE039C490B41D51104B.taxon	discussion	Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910 was synonymized by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with Chr. propinqua Mocsáry, 1889. However, Chr. chiriquensis has long, acute apical teeth with the median ones more spiniform than the lateral ones (Fig. 6 A); the metasomal punctation at the sides of the second tergum is sparser with larger punctures and wide, polished interspaces with scattered, shallow, small punctures (Fig. 6 B); the black spots on the second sternum are transversally suboval, only partially in contact medially (Fig. 6 C), wheras in Chr. propinqua the apical teeth are short, stout, with the median teeth similar to the lateral ones (Fig. 6 D); the metasomal punctation at the sides of the second tergum is denser, with smaller punctures (Fig. 6 E); the black spots on the second sternum are subtriangular and largely fused medially (Fig. 6 F). Based on these diagnostic characters, we consider Chrysis chiriquensis Bischoff, 1910 stat. resurr. a valid species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE739C4905C1A2B125B.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 B)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE739C4905C1A2B125B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis cognata, ♀: 2131 / Chrysis cognata Grib. Typus <handwritten by Gribodo> / Determ. 1889 du Buysson / Hexachrysis cognata Grib. S. Zimmermann det., 19 (RBINS).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE739C4905C1A2B125B.taxon	discussion	This is considered a valid species, see comments on Chrysis intricata Brullé, 1846.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE639C491BC1FD317CD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀: Obidos 18.1.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ distinctissima Dlb. <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 1 ♂: Obidos 22.12.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♂ distinctissima Dlb. <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 1 ♀: distinctissima det. Mocsáry (HNHM); 1 ♀, Suriname Paramaribo V. 1958 P. H. v. Doesburg Jr. / Chrysis L. distinctissima Dhlb. Linsenmaier det. 60 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB532FFE639C491BC1FD317CD.taxon	discussion	Mocsáry and Linsenmaier’s concept of Chrysis distinctissima differs from Ducke’s, as the specimens they examined are closely related to or even conspecific with Chr. excavata Brullé, 1846. Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 405) reported MRSN as the depository of the type series of Chr. distinctissima, but Rosa & Xu (2015) noted that the types and depositories are unclear. In Spinola’s collection at MRSN, two possible syntypes exist, one of which, severely damaged and lacking the metasoma, was selected by Bohart as the lectotype, although its designation was never published. Bohart identified the second specimen as Chr. excavata. Considering that the descriptions provided by Spinola (1840) and Dahlbom (1854) are ambiguous, and that the specimen selected by Bohart as lectotype lacks the metasoma, which bears diagnostic characters such as the teeth shape on the apical margin and the sternal black spots, the designation of a neotype after further research should be considered to properly establish the species concept for this taxon.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB533FFE539C495421FB8159D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Several specimens in European collections identified as Chrysis intricata but belonging to different species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB530FFE539C496871DE410BE.taxon	description	(Figs 7 A, B)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB530FFE539C496871DE410BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ♀: Chrysis reichei, Spin. D. Reiche Coromandel / Holotype ♀ Chrysis reichei Dahlbom, 1854 P. Rosa vidit 2013 (MRSN). Holotype of Chrysis brasiliensis, ♀: Des Mines / 245 / Museum Paris Capitainerie Des Mines / Chrysis brasiliensis Br. <handwritten by Brullé> / Chrysis brasiliensis Brullé type. <handwritten by du Buysson> / TYPE (MNHN).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB530FFE539C496871DE410BE.taxon	discussion	Kimsey & Bohart (1991) synonymized “ Chrysis reichei Dahlbom, 1854 nec Spinola, 1838 ” with Chr. brasiliana Guérin-Méneville, 1842 with no type examination. This interpretation was later followed by Rosa & Xu (2015) and Lucena et al. (2024). However, Dahlbom (1854) did not intend to describe a new species, but rather misidentified a specimen received from Spinola as Chr. reichei from Coromandel, as listed in his keys, and still labelled as such in Spinola’s collection (Rosa & Xu 2015). Dahlbom provided a full description to supplement the rather inadequate comparative one of Spinola (1838), but stated that the species’ distribution was the Cape of Good Hope, which is the type locality of Spinola’s specimen, apparently not realising that Coromandel was almost certainly a locality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He also transferred Spinola’s species from Pyria to Chrysis. As noted by Mocsáry (1889), this specimen is not conspecific with Spinola’s Chr. reichei, which is likely related to Chr. lyncea Fabricius, 1775. The name Chrysis reichei Dahlbom, 1854 is, in fact, not an available name according to Code Art. 49 regarding the use of species-group names wrongly applied through misidentification, and any subsequent treatment of it as an available name is therefore invalid. The specimen identified as Chr. reichei by Dahlbom (1854) is also not conspecific with Chr. brasiliana. It can be distinguished by having the transverse shape of the head, with an interocular distance of 8.5 × MOD (Fig. 7 A) vs a narrow head, with interocular distance of 5.5 × MOD in Chr. brasiliensis (Fig. 7 C); the shape of the frontal carina is bi-arcuate in Chr. reichei ending abruptly almost 1 MOD from the eye (Fig. 7 A) vs endings that curve down parallel between the scapal basin and the eye (Fig. 7 C); the metasomal punctation is dense with small, fine punctures (Fig. 7 B) vs coarser, deeper metasomal punctation (Fig. 7 D); the pits in the pit row are small and numerous vs larger and fewer pits). Considering the unclear origin of this specimen and our limited experience with species of the ignita group from Brazil, we refrain from taking any formal action, such as describing a new species, waiting for the examination of additional specimens. Indeed, the ignita group is the largest species group of Chrysidinae and is considered as the most challenging to study (Kimsey & Bohart 1991, Soon et al. 2014).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB531FFE439C490A91C601052.taxon	description	(Figs 8 A – D)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB531FFE439C490A91C601052.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Chrysis roseni, 1 ♀: E. Steinheil 2.76, n # 1 / Kolombien II. 1876 Coll. Steinheil / Roseni typ. Mocs. det. Mocsáry / Type / Wahasch. Colombien (ZSM).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB531FFE439C490A91C601052.taxon	discussion	Chrysis roseni was synonymized with Chr. excavata and included by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) in the intricans group without examining the type specimen. Surprisingly, the type of Chr. roseni belongs to the fuscipennis group. PR examined its type housed at ZSM (Fig. 8 A) after his publication on the fuscipennis group (Rosa 2024 b) in which this species group, represented by a specimen of Chrysis erratica Abeille de Perrin and du Buysson, 1887 collected in Argentina, was listed as recorded for the first time from South America. The type of Chr. roseni appears to be conspecific with Chr. fuscipennis based on the curved and M-shaped frontal carina (Fig. 8 B) and the relatively sparse punctation on the lateral sides of the mesoscutum (Fig. 8 C); we thus formally establish the synonymy. This record predates the presumed first recorded occurrence of the Chr. fuscipennis species group from South America by almost 150 years. The species was likely introduced via commerce from Asia, but its established presence in South America needs further verification.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52CFFF939C4922E1CC61088.taxon	discussion	The genus Exsecochrysis Linsenmaier includes four species, all of them found in Brazil: Exsecochrysis adnexa (Linsenmaier, 1997), Exsecochrysis alfkeni (Ducke, 1902), Exsecochrysis allotria (Linsenmaier, 1985), and Exsecochrysis gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFFF39C492341E8916E5.taxon	discussion	For all the other species previously included in Pleurochrysis by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), the first available name to be used is Boffachrysis Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990. This is a relatively heterogeneous taxon, characterized by a lack of derived characteristics and has to be re-evaluated, starting from the type species Chrysis ameghinoi, possibly with molecular analyses, for a better placement of all species and a better understanding of their phylogenetic relationships. Brazilian species included in Boffachrysis Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990 are: B. acuta (Brèthes, 1906) comb. nov., B. ancilla (du Buysson, 1898) comb. nov., B. cavifrons (Brullé, 1846) comb. nov., B. charruana (Brèthes, 1903) comb. nov., B. dolosa (du Buysson, 1898) comb. nov., B. fasciifera (Bischoff, 1910) comb. nov., B. imbecilla (Mocsáry, 1889) comb. nov., B. jenseni (du Buysson, 1906) comb. nov., B. lagopus (du Buysson, 1891) comb. nov., B. leucophris (Mocsáry, 1889) comb. nov., B. morosa (du Buysson, 1901) comb. nov., B. postica (Brullé, 1846) comb. nov., B. simulator (Kimsey, 1985) comb. nov., and B. ypirangensis (du Buysson, 1904) comb. nov.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C494EA1A151314.taxon	description	(Figs 10 A, 10 C)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C494EA1A151314.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann XI. 1960 300 - 500 m / 395 / Neochrysis Exsecochrysis gracilia Lins. det. Linsenmaier 1985 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013441 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C494EA1A151314.taxon	discussion	Exsecochrysis gracilia was synonymized by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with E. alfkeni (Ducke, 1902), without type examination, and reinstated by Linsenmaier (1997) who provided a diagnosis and line drawings to revalidate this taxon. Lucena et al. (2024) ignored the revalidation and again considered it a synonym of E. alfkeni (Ducke, 1902). We could not examine the holotype of E. alfkeni, but only specimens identified by Ducke in European collections (MSNG, NHMW, NMBE). Specimens of several taxa have apparently been identified as such, and E. gracilia is one of those taxa. Diagnostic characters to separate E. gracilia from E. alfkeni (characters of the latter primarily derived from Ducke’s original description of the holotype) are: the unmodified convex surface of the propodeum [= metanotum in Linsenmaier 1985, 1997] vs irregularly raised and bumpy, with a short, pointed, conical, tuberculate basal spine — aber unregelmässig höckerig erhaben, letzteres mit kurzem, spitzen, kegelförmigen, tuberkelähnlichen Dorn an der Basis (from Ducke 1902) — and considered by Linsenmier (1985) as the main character to separate E. alfkeni from the other species, but later observed also in E. adnexa Linsenmaier, 1997 (see Fig. 10 D); distance between the inner teeth of the third tergum from each other smaller than that between the inner and outer teeth vs distance between the inner teeth from each other much greater than that between the inner and outer teeth. For all these characters, we agree with Linsenmaier (1985, 1997) that E. gracilia (Linsenmaier, 1985) is a valid and distinct species, stat. resurr. Another question is whether E. gracilia could be the female of E. allotria, but this association needs to be confirmed by molecular analysis or with more study material.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52DFFF839C4900C1DC212CD.taxon	discussion	Species included in Rhipidochrysis Rosa & Pavesi, 2023: Rhipidochrysis bruchi (Brèthes, 1903) [synonyms: Chrysis viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842, nec Olivier, 1790 (type examined); Chr. chilena Mocsáry, 1914 (type examined); Chr. henrichi du Buysson, 1891 (according to Linsenmaier 1985)].	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52AFFFF39C492391D1C10E4.taxon	discussion	The original spelling leucophris has to be regarded as correct. According to Code Art. 33.5.1 incorrect transliteration or Latinization, or the use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not considered inadvertent errors. In this case, the name has a Greek origin and was incorrectly Latinized as in the example given below Code Art. 32.5.1.1. See also the case of Cleptidea xanthomelas (Mocsáry, 1889) below.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52BFFFD39C494A21D7A1555.taxon	description	(Figs 11 A – C)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52BFFFD39C494A21D7A1555.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ of Neochrysis (Ipsiura) aemula: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann XI. 1960 300 - 500 m / ♀ Type Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013510 (NMLU). Paratypes, 2 ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann 22. VIII. 1960 300 - 500 m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013511 (NMLU); 1 ♀: Brasilien, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ’ B – 52 ° 23 ’ L Fritz Plaumann 6. VIII. 1960 300 - 500 m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013509 (NMLU). Holotype ♂ of Neochrysis (Ipsiura) aemula ssp. agnata: Brasilien Nova Teutonia XI. 1960 27 ° 11 ’ – 52 ° 23 ’ Fritz Plaumann 300 - 500 m / ♂ Allotype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / ♂ Type Ips. aemula agnata det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013513 (NMLU). Allotype ♀: Brasilien Nova Teutonia XI. 1955 27 ° 11 ’ – 52 ° 23 ’ Fritz Plaumann 300 - 500 m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det 1985 / ♀ Alloype Ipsiura aemula agnata det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013514 (NMLU). Paratype ♀: Brasilien Nova Teutonia 22. VIII. 1960 27 ° 11 ’ – 52 ° 23 ’ Fritz Plaumann 300 - 500 m / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis Ipsiura aemula Lins. Linsenmaier det 1985 / ♀ Paratype Ips. aemula agnata det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013512 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB52BFFFD39C494A21D7A1555.taxon	discussion	Linsenmaier (1997) resurrected Ipsiura aemula from the previous synonymy with I. lilloi as proposed by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), providing a diagnosis and illustrations to support this act. Lucena et al. (2016, 2024) ignored this resurrection and listed I. aemula in the synonymic list of I. lilloi. While PR has not examined the type of I. lilloi, the pictures and diagnosis provided by Lucena et al. (2016) reveal some significant differences between the two taxa. Ipsiura aemula can be distinguished from I. lilloi by the shape of the transverse frontal carina, with its branches encircling the anterior ocellus starting close to the eyes (Fig. 11 B); the anterior ocellus positioned more than 2 × MOD from the transverse carina; third flagellomere non-metallic; sculpture of frons weak and poorly defined (Fig. 11 B); lateral margin of third tergum straight and inner four apical teeth of third tergum distinctly acute (Fig. 11 C), whereas in I. lilloi the branches of the transverse frontal carina originate at a distance> 1 × MOD from the eye, resulting in a narrower and smaller frontal area enclosed between the branches; anterior ocellus positioned only slightly more than 1 × MOD; third flagellomere metallic; sculpture of frons deep and well defined; lateral margin of third tergum slightly concave before lateral angle, and four apical teeth short and slightly rounded. Based on these characters, we consider Ipsiura aemula stat. resurr. a valid species; however, further material is required to clarify the status of these species and the following taxon. Linsenmaier (1997) also described I. aemula agnata from the same type locality as I. aemula. He designated the male allotype of I. aemula aemula as the holotype of I. aemula agnata and selected some female paratypes of I. aemula aemula as the allotype and the paratype for I. aemula agnata. This “ subspecies ” is most likely a valid distinct species, as tentatively suggested by Linsenmaier (1997) who was known for his conservative approach to taxonomy, often describing subgenera and subspecies rather than species, and many of those taxa were later elevated to genus and species rank (Rosa et al. 2015). Lucena et al. (2016, 2024) did not mention this taxon and its particular history. Although in previous years PR had access to Linsenmaier’s collection, databased the type localities and photographed some types, he did not revise this taxon because of the limited time at his disposal and being outside of his research on taxa from the Old World. The true status of I. aemula agnata is thus still to be assessed; we therefore prefer not to make any nomenclatural or taxonomic changes at this time, as unlikely as it may seem that two absolutely sympatric subspecies are involved.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB528FFFC39C496CE1D38159D.taxon	description	(Figs 12 A – D)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB528FFFC39C496CE1D38159D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Neochrysis amaurotica, ♂: Brasil Obidos 1.1905 [Ducke] / 397 / ♂ Neochrysis amaurotica Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / ♂ Ipsiura tropicalis amaurotica det. Linsenmaier 1995 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013456 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB528FFFC39C496CE1D38159D.taxon	discussion	Neochrysis amaurotica was synonymized by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985, without type examination, and later revalidated as a subspecies by Linsenmaier (1997), who provided a diagnosis and a line drawing to support this action. Lucena et al. (2024) ignored this revalidation and again considered it a synonym of I. tropicalis Bohart, 1985. We examined the holotype of Neochrysis amaurotica, which differs from I. tropicalis in metasomal sculpture and the structure of the third tergum as described and illustrated by Linsenmaier (1997). The main differences between the two species are the large and spaced punctures and the elongate postpit area of the third tergum in N. amaurotica (Fig. 12 D) vs dense and small punctures on the mesosoma and a short postpit area in I. tropicalis (see Bohart 1985: Fig. 8). Both species were described based on males; therefore, the observed differences cannot be attributed to sexual dimorphism. We consider these differences to be sufficient to recognise Neochrysis amaurotica (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr. as a valid species. The female specimen illustrated by Lucena et al. (2016: Figs 179 – 181) corresponds to I. amaurotica; records from Brazil should be re-evaluated to confirm the occurrence of I. tropicalis in the country.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB529FFF339C496871D22159D.taxon	description	(Figs 13 B, 13 D)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB529FFF339C496871D22159D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♀ of Chrysis (Hexachrysis) anisitsi Bischoff: Asuncion, Paraguay, J. D. Anisits / Asunc. n ° 130 / Chrysis anisitsii / Chr. anisitzi Brèthes Bisch. <handwritten by Bischoff> / Type / Zool. Mus. Berlin.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB529FFF339C496871D22159D.taxon	discussion	The only specimen in the collection at ZMB lacks lectotype labels by Bohart, but is undoubtedly a syntype from the original description, based on locality labels and identification labels attributed to Bischoff. Considering the type locality and the handwritten labels “ Chrysis anisitsii ” <probably handwritten by Brèthes> and “ Chr. anisitzi [!] Brèthes Bisch ” <handwritten by Bischoff>, it is plausible that the specimens studied by Bischoff (1910) were part of the same type series examined by Brèthes (1906). The specimen housed at ZMB perfectly matches the description provided by Brèthes (1906). It is highly likely that Bischoff (1910) studied specimens, at least a male and a female, sent by Friese, Anisits or Schrottky to the ZMB along with other Hymenoptera, as in the case of the holotype of Centris anisitsi (Schrottky, 1908) (Vivallo 2020). Presumably unaware of Brèthes (1906), Bischoff (1910) described this species as new under the name anisitsi, although he was obviously aware that the name, although differently spelled on the labels, originated from Brèthes, there is no mention of that in the description. Both Chrysis anisitsii Brèthes and Chr. anisitsi Bischoff were synonymized with Ipsiura obidensis (Ducke, 1903) by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), but some diagnostic differences can be observed. Specifically, apart from differences in colour patterns (Figs 13 A, B), the shape of the black spots on the second sternum is subsquare in I. obidensis (Fig. 13 C) and subtrapezoidal in I. anisitsii (Fig. 13 D). For these reasons, we resurrect Ipsiura anisitsii (Brèthes, 1906) stat. resurr. and consider I. anisitsi (Bischoff, 1910) as its synonym, in agreement with Kimsey & Bohart (1991); according to Code Art. 58.14 I. anisitsi (Bischoff) is also a variant spelling of I. anisitsii (Brèthes), the two names deemed to be identical and therefore homonyms.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB526FFF339C496861CAC12B7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntype ♀: Obidos 2.1.1907 Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / Chrysis ♂ brevispina tipo Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / Brazil Estado do Pará / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Para A. Ducke <handwritten by Invrea> (MSNG).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB526FFF339C496861CAC12B7.taxon	discussion	Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 508) inadvertently referred to the syntype deposited at MZSP as the “ holotype ”. Lucena et al. (2024) considered the latter as the lectotype by inference of “ holotype ” designated by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), incorrectly applying Code Art. 74.6. Actually Code Art. 74.6 precludes lectotype designation by inference of “ holotype ” in this case because the type series was explicitly based on an unknown number of syntypes, body size specified as 7 – 7.5 mm, as actually noted by Lucena et al. (2024); their intended designation of a lectotype is therefore invalid. PR has examined only the syntype deposited at MSNG, and a lectotype, if needed, should be designated and illustrated only after analysis of all the available syntypes. For the moment, we do not consider any lectotype designation for this species to be necessary.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB526FFF239C491A91F0D17CD.taxon	description	(Figs 14 A, B)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB526FFF239C491A91F0D17CD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀: Brasil Pará, 25.9.1901 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ typ. leucochiloides [sic] Ducke det. A. Ducke / TYPE / Museum Paris, Brésil, Párá A. Ducke 1903 / Lectotypus Chrysis ♀ leucocheiloides Ducke P. Rosa vidit 2016 (MNHN); 1 ♀ (paralectotype): Brasil Pará 30.4.1902 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ typ. leucochiloides [sic] det. A. Ducke (NMBE); 1 ♀: Obidos 22.11.1907 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ leucochiloides [sic] Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG). The specimen from Obidos (MSNG) identified by Ducke as Chrysis leucochiloides actually belongs to Ipsiura nigriventer Bohart, 1985. According to Lucena et al. (2016: 52), I. nigriventer is considered quite morphologically uniform, with conspicuous variation observed only in body length and coloration. However, the specimen from Obidos (MSNG) shows a longer second and third flagellomere (Fig. 14 A) compared to the specimen illustrated by Lucena et al. (2016: 53), F 2 l / w = 1.7 vs subsquare, and it has smaller black spots on the second sternum (Fig. 14 B). Curiously, all identification labels by Ducke misspell the name leucochiloides instead of the published name leucocheiloides.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB527FFF139C492441B621651.taxon	description	(Figs 15 A – E)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB527FFF139C492441B621651.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Neochrysis sobrina, ♀: São Paulo Batatas Pereira 17. X. 46 / ♀ Type Neochrysis sobrina Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1985 / 400 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013486 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB527FFF139C492441B621651.taxon	discussion	Neochrysis sobrina Linsenmaier, 1985 was synonymized by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with Ipsiura catamarcae Bohart, 1985; however, the type of I. sobrina lacks the diagnostic characters of I. catamarcae, as the post-ocular and metapleural surfaces are fully punctate, rather than polished as in I. catamarcae (Figs 15 A, E), the profemur lacks a tooth on the distal margin (Fig. 15 E), which is toothed or angled in I. catamarcae, and the metanotum is cristate rather than simply rounded as in I. catamarcae. Conversely, the transversal frontal carina is broad and forms a rounded arc around the anterior ocellus (Fig. 15 B), the apical teeth on the third tergum are regularly spaced (Fig. 15 C), and the wings are nearly clear (Fig. 15 A). This species matches the descriptions and illustrations of I. fritzi Bohart, 1985 as described by Bohart (1985) and Lucena et al. (2016). For this reason, we propose the new synonymy of Neochrysis (Ipsiura) sobrina Linsenmaier, 1985 syn. nov with Ipsiura fritzi Bohart, 1985.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB524FFF039C495CA1F921555.taxon	description	(Figs 16 A – D)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB524FFF039C495CA1F921555.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype of Neochrysis superleucocheila, ♀: Bolivien XI. 59 St. Conz. Chiquitans, Santiago Coll. Linsenmaier / 398 / ♀ Type Neochrysis superleucocheila Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013459 (NMLU). Paratype, ♀: Paraguay Villarrica II. 39 leg. Schade / ♀ Paratype Neochrysis superleucocheila Lins. Linsenmaier det. 1975 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013458 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB524FFF039C495CA1F921555.taxon	discussion	Ipsiura superleucocheila (Linsenmaier, 1985) was synonymized with I. spiculella Bohart, 1985. However, the holotype of I. superleucocheila does not share the diagnostic features of I. spiculella but is more closely related to I. leucocheila, as noted by Linsenmaier (1985). I. superleucocheila is more robust, and significantly larger than I. leucocheila, measuring 10 – 11 mm compared with 6.3 – 7.1 mm given by Lucena et al. (2016) and 6.5 – 7.5 mm given by Linsenmaier (1985). The two species share several diagnostic characters, including the shape of the third tergum with four acute apical teeth, a low prepit swelling that slopes gently, a well-developed pit row with small pits and long deep foveae, and a large lateral whitish spot; the cristate metanotum; the transverse frontal carina slightly interrupted medially; the light brown wing membrane; the greenish-blue femora and tibiae; the brownish tarsi with green metabasitarsus; and the profemur without a ventral tooth-like projection or flattened area on the outer surface of the distal margin. The main differences between the two species, besides the robust habitus and the noticeably larger size of I. superleucocheila, include the apical margin of the third tergum, which is roof-like (Fig. 16 C) with sharper teeth, more so than in other similar species; the more elongate post-pit row (Fig. 16 C); the shape of the black spots on the second sternum, which are larger and more closely positioned medially, separated by only one third of the width of a black spot (Fig. 16 D) vs one spot’s width in I. leucocheila. Based on these diagnostic characters, and pending further morphological and molecular analyses, we consider Ipsiura superleucocheila (Linsenmaier, 1985) stat. resurr. a valid species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB525FFF039C496CE1F4A138B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀, Obidos, 21.12.1904 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♀ leucocheila Mocs. <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 2 ♀, data unrecorded from Obidos and Itaituba, leg. A. Ducke, ex Coll. Gribodo (MSNG); 1 ♀, Obidos, 23.07.1902 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ leucocheila Mocs. Det. A. Ducke (NMBE); 1 ♀; Stieglmyr Rio Gr. do Sul / Chrysis leucocheila Mocs. R. du Buysson det. 1901 (NHMW).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB525FFF039C496CE1F4A138B.taxon	discussion	All the material collected by Ducke in Brazil (Obidos and Itaituba) deposited at NMBE, MNHN, MSNG, and NHMW was examined, but note that not all specimens are listed in “ Material examined ”. These specimens were identified as Chrysis leucocheila Mocsáry, but actually belong to Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart, 1985, based on the key and descriptions provided by Lucena et al. (2016). Likely, specimens of Ipsiura tropicalis Bohart listed by Lucena et al. (2016) from the same localities (Obidos and Itaituba deposited at MPEG) were also identified as C. leucocheila by Ducke.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB525FFF039C491241CB110E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntype ♀: 230 <green square label> / 901 / 9068 34 <round white label> / Museum Paris Province de Corrientes d’Orbigny 1834 / Chrysis carina Br. <handwritten by Brullé> / Chrysis carina Brullé type <handwritten by du Buysson> / Chrysis punctatissima Spin. R. du Buysson det. 1898 / ♀ Syntypus Chrysis carina Brullé P. Rosa vidit 2016 (MNHN). Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 515) cited MSNG as the depository of a male syntype of Chrysis carina Brullé. Rosa (2009) found no such specimen in that collection; however, a female syntype collected by d’Orbigny is still deposited at MNHN. It should also be noted that the caption to Fig. 27 of Lucena et al. (2024) should read “ Syntype male [not “ Holotype female ”] of Chrysis fasciata … ”.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB522FFF739C494EA1D4A1058.taxon	description	(Fig. 17 A, B)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB522FFF739C494EA1D4A1058.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀: Obidos 21.11.1907 Ducke / Chrysis ♀ typ.! glabriceps Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / Museum Paris Brésil A. Ducke 1908 / TYPE <printed in red> (MNHN); 1 ♀ [not ♂]: Obidos 21.11.1907 Ducke / Brazil Estado do Pará / Chrysis ♂ glabriceps Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo Brasile Pará A. Ducke (MSNG); 17 additional specimens from Pará sent to Gribodo (MSNG); 1 ♂: Obidos 7.1.1905 Ducke / Chrysis glabriceps ♂ Ducke det. A. Ducke 1905 (NMBE).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB522FFF739C494EA1D4A1058.taxon	discussion	Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 515) listed the type depository of Chrysis glabriceps as MNHN. They also synonymized Chrysis glabriceps Ducke with Neochrysis inseriata (Mocsáry, 1902) stating that their conclusion was based on the study of type specimens (1991: 514). However, the specimen deposited at MNHN and labelled as type by Ducke does not belong to the type series, as it was collected on 21 November 1907 (Fig. 17 A), whereas the holotype was collected on 1 March 1900. Specimens labelled as “ types ” by Ducke not belonging to the type series are common in European museums (Rosa et al. 2020) and likely signify “ autotypes ” or “ homotypes ” referring to specimens designated by the author after the original description as identical to the holotype. Furthermore, two additional specimens identified as Chr. glabriceps by Ducke in his material housed in NMBE and MSNG likely belong to another species distinguishable by the different form of the black spots of the second sternum. Since Ducke identified as Chr. glabriceps specimens of two similar yet distinct species, we recognise Neochrysis inseriata (Mocsáry, 1902) and Neochrysis glabriceps (Ducke, 1903) stat. resurr. as valid species, with the latter resurrected, pending a revision of its true type.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB523FFF539C494EA1AD91651.taxon	description	(Fig. 18 A – D)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB523FFF539C494EA1AD91651.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♀, Obidos 1905 / Chrysis lecointei Ducke ♀ typ.! / Museum Paris Brésil, Obidos A. Ducke 1909 / TYPUS <printed in red> (MNHN); 1 ♀: Obidos 1905 / Chrysis ♀ lecointei Ducke typ! <handwritten by Ducke> / Typus Typus <red label> / ♀ Neochrysis insuturalis Lins det. Linsenmaier 93 (NMBE); 1 ♂: Brazil Estado do Pará / Obidos, 5.1.1905 Ducke / Chrysis punctatissima ♂ aberr. lecointei Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo, Brasile, Pará, A. Ducke / Syntypus ♂ Chrysis lecointei Ducke, 1906 (MSNG); 1 ♀, Brazil Estado do Pará / Obidos 1905 / Chrysis punctatissima ♀ aberr. lecointei Ducke <handwritten by Ducke> / ex Coll. Gribodo, Brasile, Pará, A. Ducke / Syntypus ♀ Chrysis lecointei Ducke, 1906 (MSNG).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB523FFF539C494EA1AD91651.taxon	discussion	PR has examined four of Ducke’s syntype specimens, which belong to two different species based on body sculpture and the black spots on the second sternum. The punctation of the specimens housed in MSNG (Fig. 18 A) is spaced with larger punctures, whereas in specimens deposited at MNHN and NMBE (Fig. 18 C) is dense and subreticulate. Additionally, the shape of the black spots on the second sternum differs, being subrectangular and basal in the MSNG specimens (Fig. 18 B) and comma-like and medially positioned in specimens in MNHN and NMBE (Fig. 18 D). Linsenmaier in 1993 examined the specimen deposited at NMBE and identified it as Neochrysis insuturalis Linsenmaier, 1985. Since the type series includes at least two distinct species, a lectotype designation is needed to fix the interpretation of this taxon. However, we refrain from making this designation at present, as a comprehensive revision of the genus is needed to determine the most appropriate lectotype.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB520FFF439C495CB1ACB17E1.taxon	description	(Figs 19 A – D)	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB520FFF439C495CB1ACB17E1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀: Surinam Paramaribo leg. P. B. Schneble / I. 56 Coll. Lins. / 385 / Neochrysis transstriata Lins. det. Linsenmaier 1985 / NML _ ENT GBIF _ Chr 0013403 (NMLU).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB520FFF439C495CB1ACB17E1.taxon	discussion	Neochrysis transstriata was synonymized with N. tysis by Kimsey & Bohart (1991); however, it is distinct from N. tysis by having: F 2 longer than F 3; mesopleuron strongly angulated with ventral margin of mesopleuron strongly projecting as a sharp carina, which appears lobed (Fig. 19 B); third metasomal tergum fully metallic (Fig. 19 C); black spots on second sternum very small, comma-like, broadly separated medially (Fig. 19 D), whereas N. tysis has: F 2 equal to F 3; mesopleuron relatively rounded ventrally, carina without teeth or lobes; third metasomal tergum with large whitish basolateral spot; black spots on second sternum large and ovoid, barely separated medially. We therefore consider Neochrysis transstriata Linsenmaier, 1985 stat. resurr. a valid species.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB521FFF439C495831A3B13C9.taxon	discussion	As noted by Rosa et al. (2020), du Buysson (1901) described Holopyga kohli based on an unknown number of specimens belonging to NHMW and received from F. F. Kohl. He returned at least one specimen to NHMW, examined by Rosa et al. (2020), but apparently retained one female syntype for his collection, now part of the General Collection at MNHN, box 10. It has been accepted, under the Third Edition of the Code then in effect (ICZN 1985: Article 74 (b )), that French (1985: 623) effectively designated this specimen as the lectotype by citing it as the “ holotype ”. It can be argued, however, that French’s “ designation ” was actually invalid since he apparently made no attempt to establish whether du Buysson had only a single specimen or not, and the suspicion should have been that he had more than one since du Buysson’s paper dealt with specimens belonging to NHMW and made no mention of any in MNHN, and also indicated variation in coloration of specimens: “ entièrement vert ou vert-bleu ”. The current Code (ICZN 1999: Article 74.6) is clearer in its requirements, stating that even the implication of the existence of syntypes in the original description precludes acceptance of mention of a “ holotype ” as equivalent to a lectotype designation. Consequently, French’s (1985) citation of the MNHN specimen as “ holotype ” is unjustified. In order to maintain current concepts, however, we hereby formally designate the specimen in MNHN (labelled Wthm. [= Winthem] / MUSEUM PARIS Brésil Köhl 1901 / TYPE / Holopyga kohli Buys. n. sp. type R. du Buysson det. 1901 / LECTOTYPUS Holopyga ♀ Kohli Buysson P. Rosa vidit 2016) as the lectotype; the specimen in NHMW, illustrated in Rosa et al. (1920: Fig. 65), remains the only known paralectotype.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB521FFF439C491331F8E1129.taxon	discussion	The gender of the genus Holophris (from the Greek words όλη [óli = complete] and ỏφρύς [ophrys = eyebrow]) is feminine and not masculine as supposed by previous authors, therefore all names were treated as feminine by Rosa et al. (2016 a). The correct current combination for Ellampus albolimbatus Ducke, 1908 is therefore Holophris albolimbata (Ducke, 1908).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB521FFCB39C492CB1F8A16BD.taxon	discussion	Lucena et al. (2024) considered the original spelling luzulina as “ an incorrect subsequent spelling ” [sic!] and lazulina as a justified emendation. The true situation is essentially the opposite. The name luzulina was proposed by Dahlbom (1854) to preserve the original spelling used by Spinola in his collection (Hedychrum luzulinum); therefore, the name luzulina was intentionally assigned and should not be altered. The use of lazulina by Mocsáry, Dalla Torre and others was merely an incorrect spelling since there is no indication in any of those works that this spelling was deliberately proposed as a correction of Dahlbom’s spelling, they just misread the original, and the error proliferated through copying. The incorrect spelling has by no means become the prevailing usage, actually not used since 1981 at least, until Lucena et al ’ s recent resuscitation of it, so it cannot be deemed to be a correct spelling (Code Art. 33.3.1).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C491A41C3711FF.taxon	discussion	Lucena et al. (2024: 53) reported that the type species of Cleptidea Mocsáry, 1904 is Cleptes aurora Smith, 1874 by original designation. However, the genus was described based on four species: Cleptes aurora Smith, 1874, Ces. mutilloides Ducke, 1902, Ces. fasciata Dalman, 1823 and Ces. xanthomelaena [unjustified emendation of C. xanthomelas Mocsáry, 1889, see below] Mocsáry, 1904 without type-species designation. The type species, Cleptes aurora, was designated by Kimsey (1981).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51EFFCB39C495A71C41120B.taxon	discussion	Lucena et al. (2024) considered the incorrect subsequent spelling wagnerella as a justified emendation and the original spelling wagneriella as an “ incorrect subsequent spelling ” [sic!]. Their justification states: “ The name “ Holopyga Wagneriella ” appears just once on the heading of the species description. No other mention to this name is presented in the original work. Thereafter, the name “ Holopyga Wagnerella ” was recurrently cited by du Buysson (1906, 1909, 1910), clearly indicating an emendation to original intended name ”. This interpretation is incorrect, as it only reflects the repetition of an incorrect subsequent spelling by du Buysson and does not constitute a valid emendation. For an emendation to be valid, it must be demonstrably intentional, and this can occur when there is an explicit statement of intent in the work itself or in an author’s (or publisher’s) corrigenda, or when both the original and the changed spelling are cited and the latter is adopted in place of the former, or when two or more names in the same work are treated in a similar way (Code Art. 33.2.1). None of these conditions apply here. Furthermore, the name wagnerella cannot be considered to be in prevailing use, and other citations of wagneriella exist in the literature (e. g. Brèthes 1909). The spelling wagneriella must thus be considered to be the correct original spelling. du Buysson (1904) described Holopyga wagneriella based on specimens of both sexes (lengths 3 – 5 mm) in MNHN, from Argentina, Santiago del Estero Province, La Palisa, 5 km north of Brucho (leg. Wagner, 1903). The specimen labelled as a type at MNHN was collected in Brazil, Minas Gerais, in 1903 and cannot be considered part of the type series, as noted by Lucena et al. (2024). A second specimen housed at MNHN was collected in Argentina in 1907 and is also not part of the type series. The location of the syntypes is currently unknown, but they are apparently lost or destroyed.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51EFFCA39C493601D411699.taxon	discussion	Ducke (1913) described Cleptes aurora var. robustior based on an unknown number of syntypes of different sizes. Kimsey (1986 b) examined the “ type ” in MZSP without further information and synonymized Cid. a. robustior with Cid. aurora Smith, 1874. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) reported “ Type? ” (question mark probably related to the sex of the type) examined in MZSP, and Lucena et al. (2024) considered the latter as the lectotype by inference of “ holotype ” designated by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), incorrectly applying Code Art. 74.6. As in the case of Ipsiura brevispina, Code Art. 74.6 precludes lectotype designation by inference of “ holotype ” because the type series was explicitly based on an unknown number of syntypes (body size specified as 7 – 9 mm). The intended designation of a lectotype by Lucena et al. (2024) is therefore invalid.	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C495831CB214A4.taxon	discussion	Ducke (1913) replaced the name Cleptes buyssoni Ducke, 1905 with Ces. dubuyssoni, erroneously assuming it to be a junior homonym of “ Cleptes buyssoni … Semenow, 1891 ”. This replacement is unnecessary, as Semenow’s species, Cleptes buyssonis Semenow, 1892, is actually spelled differently (Rosa et al. 2017), and it is therefore not a homonym of Ces. buyssoni Ducke. Cleptidea dubuyssoni (Ducke, 1913) must thus be regarded as an objective junior synonym of Cleptidea buyssoni (Ducke, 1905).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
AE2DA93DB51FFFCA39C4979C1FAD1147.taxon	discussion	Mocsáry (1904) unjustifiably emended the name Cleptes xanthomelas Mocsáry, 1889 to Cleptidea xanthomelaena, presumably to change the ending from masculine to feminine, in his list of species included in his new genus Cleptidea (see above). The emendation was demonstrably intentional since both the original and the changed spelling are cited and the latter is adopted in place of the former (Code Art. 33.2.1). This emendation has remained unnoticed by subsequent authors. However, according to Code Art. 31.2.3 the name xanthomelas remains unchanged as it is not a Latin or latinized word, merely being a simple transliteration of the Greek, and its final component is actually listed in the examples of such words: “ Species-group names such as melas, melaina, melan; polychloros, polychloron; celebrachys; nakpo from the Tibetan word meaning black, remain unchanged when transferred from combination with a generic name of one gender to combination with one of another gender. But melaena is a latinized adjective derived from the Greek melaina, and must be changed when so transferred, with an appropriate Latin gender ending (- us masculine, - um neuter) ”. The emendation has apparently not been adopted as valid since its proposal, and Cleptidea xanthomelaena (Mocsáry, 1904) remains an objective junior synonym of Cleptidea xanthomelas (Mocsáry, 1899).	en	Rosa, Paolo, Brothers, Denis J. (2025): Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates on the Brazilian cuckoo-wasp catalogue (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Zootaxa 5642 (6): 501-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.6.1
