identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
73ED0D8134605B56B9A6B0F78E3F3E8C.text	73ED0D8134605B56B9A6B0F78E3F3E8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Streptocephalus warliae Katke, Padhye & Vanjare 2025	<div><p>Streptocephalus warliae Katke, Padhye &amp; Vanjare sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • 1 male (ZSI-WRC C.2582, Zoological Survey of India, Pune, India) . Allotype • 1 female (ZSI-WRC C.2583 Zoological Survey of India, Pune, India) same data as holotype . Paratype • 2 males (ZSI-WRC C.2584, Zoological Survey of India, Pune, India) same data as holotype. Preserved in alcohol .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Streptocephalus warliae sp. nov. belongs to the “ S. dichotomus ” species group and can be separated by the following characters: second antenna distal antennomere with an obtuse, subconical, basomedial projection. Antennal appendage peduncle with 4–5 elongate, dorsobasal papillae in a subtransverse row, each papilla conical and flexible, with all but the lateralmost one smooth, extending halfway along the peduncle. Lateral most dorsobasal papilla distoventrally with longitudinal row subpapillae, reaching to end of peduncle. Peduncle dorsomedially with longitudinal row of 11–14 spiniform processes reaching base of “ hand ”. The margin of the posterior lateral branch (lower finger) is smooth. The margin of the posterior primary branch (upper finger) of the posterior ramus (finger) bears major and minor spines, divided distally into two unequal apical rami (digits) with the upper ramus at a sharp 90 - degree angle with the primary branch. The curved upper rami are pustulate, whereas the lower straight rami margin is with unequal-sized aciculate spines. Posterior branch (spur) of the anterior ramus (thumb) ends in unguiform structure distally. Anterior ramus without a distal triangular projection. Female second antenna with a distinct deep notch towards the apical end.</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>Average body length (from front of head to tip of telson) 19.1 mm (n = 20), range 11–26 mm (Fig. 2 A).</p><p>Head typical for genus, frontal appendage, triangular, simple and short. First antenna filiform, length 35 % longer than second antenna proximal antennomere; apex pointed with 7 small setae at the tip and 3 long setae subapically.</p><p>Second antenna typical of the genus (Figs 2 A, 3 A, B). A distinct triangular basomedial projection at the base of distal antennomere (Figs 3 A, B, 5 A). Antennal peduncle with anteriomedial dorsobasal papillae, 4 (30 %) – 5 (70 %) in number, with papillae ventrally, reaching end of peduncle (Figs 3 A, 5 A, B). Antennal appendage peduncle laterally with 11–14 spiniform processes (slender process) (Figs 3 A, 5 A, B, D). Length of the longest spiniform processes 1.8–2.0 mm, subequal to length of proximal antennomere. Peduncle anteriomedially and ventrally (near the spiniform processes) with triangular protuberances; eight such protuberances ventrally and six anteriomedially (Fig. 5 B, C). Antennal appendage apical cheliform structure (hand), not broadened at the base of the anterior ramus (Figs 3 A, B, 5 D). Anterior ramus and posterior branch without spines. Anterior ramus without distal lamellar projection (Figs 3 A, B, 5 D). Anterior ramus posterior branch broadly lamelller, not constricted apically, ending in ungiform structure (Figs 3 A, 5 D).</p><p>Posterior ramus ventral margin with emargination near to the confluence of both rami, emargination ~ 1.2 times as deep as wide (Fig. 5 D). Posterior ramus branched / biramous, length ~ 1.2 times anterior ramus. Posterior ramus with a dorsolateral (lower) arcuate subramus (Fig. 3 A). Posterior primary branch bearing acute major and minor spines, major spines up to ~ 6 times longer than minor. Primary branch distal end divided into two unequal apical rami (Figs 3 A, B, 5 A, 6 A). The curved upper rami arcuate, margin smooth, with or without small basal spines, distal 50 % pustulate, and angled 90 degrees from posterior primary branch. The lower straight ramus ~ 1.2 times smaller than the upper ramus, lined with unequal aciculate spines in proximal half of proximal region (Fig. 4 A). Posterior lateral branch margin smooth (Fig. 3 A, B).</p><p>Trunk limbs typical for genus (Fig. 4 C, D). Endite 1 of first and fifth pair of limbs with filter comb and, at posterior side, with scraping spine and naked tactile seta.</p><p>Genital segment and gonopods as in S. dichotomus group. Genital segments smooth, with lateral linguiform outgrowths. Gonopod cylindrical, with a basomedial spiniform outgrowth, bearing four denticles medially (Fig. 5 E).</p><p>Abdomen and cercopods as in S. dichotomus group (Fig. 2 A).</p><p>Description of the allotype (female).</p><p>Body slightly smaller than male, body length from 13.0–21.0 mm, average 17.3 mm (Fig. 2 B).</p><p>First antenna 2.4 times length of eye plus peduncle, 1.2 times length of second antenna, apex pointed with 4–7 small at the tip, three long setae just below the apex (Fig. 7 D).</p><p>Second antenna slightly broad, elongated (length-to-breadth ratio is&gt; 1.9 measured from centre), spatulate, with sparse setae on the distal margin and a distinct notch near the apical end (Figs 6 A, B, 7 A).</p><p>Cercopods setose (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Ovaries uniramous; brood pouch elongate and fusiform; extending from segment III to half of segment V. The genital opening of the pouch terminal (Fig. 6 C).</p><p>Description of Egg.</p><p>Eggs spherical; surface with irregular and variable polygons; ridges raised, central field depressed; ~ 180 μm in diameter (Fig. 5 F).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>The roadside basaltic rock pool was 6 × 3 m in area and ~ 1 m deep. It has submerged vegetation ( Hydrilla sp.), tadpoles, and aquatic beetles. No other large branchiopods were seen co-occurring with this species. The pool is surrounded by many such smaller pools and a few small stone quarries. The cattle utilise the pool for both drinking and bathing, and as a tourist spot, the area attracts many visitors. The water temperature ranged between 22.0 ° C and 23.9 ° C, pH between 7.2 and 7.4, and salinity between 27 ppm and 36 ppm.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name is dedicated to the indigenous ‘ Warli tribe’ residing in and around the type locality. The tribal women are known for creating distinctive wall paintings, popularly known as the “ Warli painting, ” using natural materials like rice paste, gum, and red soil. The use of circles, triangles, and squares in the paintings reflects their close association with “ mother nature. ”</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This newly discovered species is currently known only from its type locality, an unnamed roadside pool situated on the lateritic plateau in Jawahar, Palghar district, Maharashtra state (India). Elevation 420 m, coordinates 19°53'09.1"N, 73°11'25.5"E.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male second antenna morphology of this species partly resembles that of S. sirindhornae and S. dichotomus . Still, this species possesses certain unique characteristics not observed in either. This species stands out from all other Indian species by the presence of a distinct triangular basomedial projection present at the base of the proximal antennomere, while the characters like a) aciculate minor and major spines on the posterior primary branch margin, b) sharp 90 ° angle of the upper bifid ramus to the posterior primary branch, and c) lower bifid ramus margin of the posterior primary branch with spines instead of pustulations separate the species from S. sirindhornae . The absence of distal lamellar projection on the anterior ramus and protuberances on the ventral and anteriomedial sides of the peduncle and the deep notch on the female second antenna apical end are other characteristics that separate S. warliae sp. nov. from the other Indian Streptocephalus species (see Table 1 for important differences). The apical setal number on the second antenna in the females with 4–7 short subequal setae on the apex (eight in S. sahyadriensis and 5–8 in S. dichotomus) and with three long and subequal setae right below it in our specimens, S. sahyadriensis and S. dichotomus . In S. shinsawbuae Shu, Rogers, Chen &amp; Sanoamuang, 2018, only the three long setae were documented (see Shu et al. 2018). The genital opening of the pouch is in the terminal region, whereas Kraus et al. (2004) reported it to be subterminal in S. torvicornis (Waga, 1842) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73ED0D8134605B56B9A6B0F78E3F3E8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Katke, Prashant Manohar;Padhye, Sameer M.;Vanjare, Avinash Isaac	Katke, Prashant Manohar, Padhye, Sameer M., Vanjare, Avinash Isaac (2025): A new species of Streptocephalus Baird, 1852 (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) from Peninsular India. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1259-1269, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.139357
