identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B0360337FFD1FFCA019AFB77FA0A4D57.text	B0360337FFD1FFCA019AFB77FA0A4D57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipeae	<div><p>Key to the genera of Stipeae in North Africa</p><p>1. Stoloniferous plants ..................................................................................................................................................... Achnatherum .</p><p>- Caespitose plants ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.</p><p>2. Palea bifid, with two dorsal ribs prolonged to apex in two aristules ..................................................................................... Celtica .</p><p>- Palea entire, never aristated ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.</p><p>3. Ligule with one line of hairs. Prophylls 7–11 cm, extended in long aristules ............................................................... Macrochloa .</p><p>- Ligule membranate. Prophylls 0.3–2 cm, not aristated ................................................................................................................... 4.</p><p>4. Palea partially involved by the lemma, visible in the fruit .............................................................................................................. 5.</p><p>- Palea involved by the lemma, not visible in the fruit ...................................................................................................................... 6.</p><p>5. Lemma not coriaceous. Callus straight ............................................................................................................................... Oloptum .</p><p>- Lemma coriaceous. Callus curved inside ...................................................................................................................... Piptatherum .</p><p>6. Glumes subequal. Palea equal or subequal to lemma ............................................................................................................... Stipa .</p><p>- Glumes inequal, the lower&gt; upper. Palea ½–2/3 of lemma length ................................................................................... Stipellula .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFD1FFCA019AFB77FA0A4D57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFD1FFC0019AF996FA204995.text	B0360337FFD1FFC0019AF996FA204995.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achnatherum Beauvois 1812	<div><p>Achnatherum Beauvois (1812: 19 (146)).</p><p>Type:— A chnatherum bromoides (L.) Beauvois (1812: 146).</p><p>Perennials, stoloniferous, simple panicle poorly ramified, long to short peduncle. Flowers glumes sub-equals, lemma apex with dents to truncate, homogeneous pubescence, not involved margins; anthers apex smooth; callus obtuse; awn not geniculated, scabrid, short.</p><p>Key to the Achnatherum species.</p><p>1. Awn curved, base pubescent. Lemma with hairs 1.5–3 mm ................................................ A. calamagrostis subsp. mesatlasicum .</p><p>- Awn straight, base scabrid to smooth. Lemma with hairs 0.3–1 mm .............................................................................................. 2.</p><p>2. Awn 15–27 mm. Callus 0.4–1 mm .............................................................................................................................. A. bromoides .</p><p>- Awn 12–16(18) mm. Callus 0.2–0.4 mm ................................................................................................................... A. paradoxum .</p><p>1. Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P. Beauvois (1812: 20) (Figure 4 &amp; 5).</p><p>Type:— FRANCE. Habitat Monspelii. Gouan s.n. [lectotype LINN 84-4!, designated by Vázquez et al. (1995: 183)] .</p><p>≡ Agrostis bromoides Linnaeus (1767: 30) . (Bas.) [lectotype LINN 84-4!, designated by Vázquez et al. (1995: 183–184)]. ≡ Aristella bromoides (L.) Bertoloni (1834: 690).</p><p>≡ Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörfler (1897: 129).</p><p>≡ Lasiagrostis bromoides (L.) Nevski &amp; Roshevitz (1934: 72).</p><p>= Stipa aristella Linnaeus (1768: 229) . [lectotype LINN 94-6!, designated by Vázquez et al. (1995: 183–184)].</p><p>= Andropogon hermaphroditum Pourret (1788: 308) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Agrostis stipata Koeler (1802: 77) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Calamagrostis gracilis Seenus (1805: 73) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>Culm to 160 cm, erect, glabrous; prophylls to 14 mm, striate surface, smooth. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, smooth at the throat, especially on the innovations, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliated; ligule short, decurrent, 0.1– 0.6 mm long, apex truncated, scabrid; vegetative blades, culms to 75 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 6 mm wide extended lamina; fertile blades culms to 37 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, up to 5 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 1.4 mm wide when rolled, rigidly sharp-pointed rounded. Inflorescence panicle to 50 cm long, lineal to fusiform, erect to falling, loose, the axis glabrous, distant alternate branches, slender, smooth to scabrous, smooth below, spikelet-bearing in the upper half. Spikelet sub-adpressed when mature, or free along the branches when immature or flower, the lateral pedicel 10–25 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes lanceolate, sub-equal, 8–19 mm long, hyaline, green to occasionally purple with hyaline acuminate tips, 3 ribs, smooth to scabrid in ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 6–10.5 mm long, homogeneous pilosity, apex with two lateral dents to 0.9 mm; callus gross, short and rounded apex, 0.4–1 mm long, villous with adpressed hairs; palea lanceolate 3.5–7 mm, dorsally villous, with line of flexuous hairs up to 2 mm; awn straight to unigeniculate, 15– 27 mm long, persistent, twisted, scabrid to villous angles with ascending hairs ca. 1.2 mm long; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals to 3.5 mm long with acute apex, the posterior to 2.5 mm long with acute apex; anthers 2.7–6 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis fusiform, 4–8 mm long, brown to dark brown (Figure 5).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering May–July.</p><p>Habitat:—Wooded areas in cool places, especially in holm oak forests, on calcareous soils with rainfall above 500 mm per year.</p><p>Distribution:—[Mediterranean-Turanian]. In North Africa: Morocco (Figure 4). To be confirmed in Algeria.</p><p>Notes:—The presence of this species in Algeria has not been confirmed since its sole citation by Ball (1878: 711). It was not found there by Maire (1953: 68), and no herbarium sheet from Algeria was found in this study.</p><p>2. Achnatherum calamagrostis subsp. mesatlasicum (Quézel) Dobignard (2010: 440) . (Figure 4 &amp; 6)</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. Bou Naceur: vallée des Beni Ouriach. Pujos s.n. [holotype RAB020112!] .</p><p>≡ Calamagrostis argentea subsp. mesatlasica Quézel (1954: 299) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Achnatherum mesatlasica (Quézel) Ibn Tattou (1998: 212) .</p><p>Culm to 90 cm tall, erect, glabrous; prophylls to 12 mm, striate surface, smooth. Leaves with sheaths scabrid to glabrescent, smooth on the innovations, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliated; ligule short, decurrent, 0.2–0.8(–1) mm long, truncated, scabrid; vegetative blades culms to 45 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially scabrid, scabrous on the margin, to 14 mm wide extended lamina; fertile blades culms to 25 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially scabrous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 6 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 1.5 mm wide when rolled, sharp-pointed acute Inflorescence panicle to 20 cm long, lanceolate to oblong, pendule to erect, loose, the axis glabrous, distant alternate branches, slender, smooth to scabrous, smooth below, spikelet-bearing in the upper half. Spikelet distant and lax when mature, or free along the branches when immature or flower, the lateral pedicel 12–32 mm long, scabrid; glumes lanceolate, sub-equal, (5.5–) 6–7 mm long, hyaline, green pale brow with hyaline short acuminate tips, 3 ribs, smooth to scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 2.5–3(–3.4) mm long, homogenously villose with hairs up to 3 mm, apex with two lateral dents up to 0.4 mm or absent; callus gross, short and acute apex, 0.2–0.4 mm long, villous with adpressed hairs; palea lanceolate 2–3.5 mm, dorsally villose; awn unigeniculate, 0.6–0.9(–1) cm long, persistent, twisted, base plumose, rest scabrid angles; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals to 1.7 mm long with acute apex, the posterior to 2.1 mm long with acute apex; anthers 2–2.7 mm long, apex apiculated not bearded; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis fusiform, 1.7–2.4 mm long, brown (Figure 6).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering June–August.</p><p>Habitat:—In degradated areas of Juniperus and Quercus forest, mostly stony with sparse chamepehytes and grasses on calcareous soils.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-Maroccan]. Endemic to Jbel Bou Naceur (Middle Atlas, Morocco) (Figure 4).</p><p>Notes:—As observed by Quézel (1954), Moroccan specimens differ from the European A. calamagrostis (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. calamagrostis in the morphology of the glumes, awn and panicle. Note especially the flower parts as small as glumes up to 7 mm, vs. 8 mm, lemma up to 3, 4 mm vs. 4, 5 mm, palea 2–3 mm vs. 3–4 mm or the awn 0,6–0,9(1) cm vs. 1–1,4 cm and anthers 2–2,7 mm vs. 2,5–3,4 mm in the type subspecies, together with the reduction, even to absence of lemma apex auricles which show a clear separation between both taxa (including in the southern Iberian populations from the Carzola and Sierra Nevada mountains (Gómez, 2011; Pérez-Latorre et al., 2015)).</p><p>3. Achnatherum paradoxum (L.) Banfi, Galasso &amp; Bartolucci (2018: 18). (Figure 4 &amp; 7)</p><p>Type:— FRANCE. Habitat in Galloprovincia, G. Narbonensi. Sloane 96 [lectotype BM-SL!, designated by Freitag (2000: 243)]. ≡ Agrostis paradoxa Linnaeus (1753: 62) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Milium paradoxum (L.) Linnaeus (1759: 872), &amp; Scopoli (1771: 58), nom. illeg.</p><p>≡ Piptatherum paradoxum (L.) Beauvais (1812: 18).</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis paradoxa (L.) Nuttal (1823: 128) &amp; Trabut (1895: 167).</p><p>≡ Stipa paradoxa (L.) Raspail (1825: 449).</p><p>≡ Urachne paradoxa (L.) Link (1827: 92).</p><p>≡ Urachne linnaei Trinius &amp; Ruprecht (1842: 12), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis paradoxa var. eriolemma Maire (1941: 220), nom. superfl ..</p><p>= Milium nigrum Lamarck (1779: 568) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Agrostis melanosperma Lamarck (1783: 58) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Milium scopolianum Willd. ex Steudel (1841: 146), pro syn.</p><p>= Piptatherum virescens Bubani (1900: 294), nom. illeg., non Boissier (1884: 507).</p><p>= Oryzopsis paradoxa var. leiolemma Maire (1941: 220) . [lectotype n.v., paratype: P03239230!, designated here].</p><p>Culm to 140 cm, erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous, occasionally scabrous; prophylls to 16 mm, acute, striate surface, scabrid to pubescent. Leaves with glabrous sheaths, free margin, ciliated to glabrous; ligule thin, decurrent, 0.3–1.2 mm long, glabrous, apex truncated with two tufts of hairs in the base; vegetative blades culms to 45 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, scabrous on the margin, to 12 mm wide extended lamina; fertile blades culms to 25 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous to scabrid, margin scabrous, to 10 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 3.5 mm wide when rolled, flexuous apex acute. Inflorescence panicle pyramidal, downfall, loose, 14–35(–45) cm long, the axis scabrid, the branches in distant verticils, slender, flexuous, scabrous, spikelet-bearing in the upper half, the lowermost ca. 3–8 cm long, the lower internode of the axis as much as 22 cm long. Spikelet open and frequently pendule branches, the lateral pedicel to 3 cm long, scabrid; glumes lanceolate, sub-equal, 7–8 mm long, green frequently to pale brown with apex rounded to acute, occasionally bifid, 3 ribs, smooth to scabrid ribs and upper half surface scabrid; lemma slender, terete, 4–4.7 mm long, homogenous pilosity to smooth when mature, excluding the apex and base smooth, coriaceous, apex truncate; callus gross, short and obtuse, 0.2–0.4 mm long, smooth; palea to 4.6 mm, dorsally pilose, margins smooth, coriaceous, apex short sub-acute; awn 12–16(–18) mm long, early deciduous, not geniculate; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals acute, 1 rib, apex entire 1–1.2 mm long, the posterior acute, 1 rib, apex entire up to 0.6 mm long; anthers 1.6–2.7 mm long, apex smooth; Stigma 2, flexuous, plumose. Caryopsis to 4.5 mm long, terete, fusiform, brown to pale brown (Figure 7).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering May–July.</p><p>Habitat:—Mostly in areas of cool forest and shady margins, on rich soils, especially sclerophyllous.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-Occidental]. In North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFD1FFC0019AF996FA204995	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFDBFFC2019AFCD1FBE04A2D.text	B0360337FFDBFFC2019AFCD1FBE04A2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celtica F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth 2004	<div><p>Celtica F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 491) .</p><p>Type:— Celtica gigantea (Hoffmanns. ex Link) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 491) .</p><p>≡ Stipa L. ser. Giganteae Martinovský (1976: 186) .</p><p>≡ Stipa L. sect. Giganteae (Martinovský) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 163) .</p><p>Perennials, caespitose, simple panicle highly ramified, long peduncle. Flower glumes sub-equal, lemma apex dents and palea with two long aristules, homogeneous pubescence in lemma and dorsally in palea, involved margins; anthers apex hairs; callus acute; awn bigeniculate, scabrid, long.</p><p>1. Celtica gigantea (Hoffmanns. ex Link) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 491) . (Figure 8 &amp; 9)</p><p>Type:— PORTUGAL. Setubal, without date, collectors or number. [holotype B (destroyed), lectotype B-W01776-01! (digital imagen), designated here] .</p><p>≡ Stipa gigantea Hoffmanns. ex Link (1800: 313) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Lasiagrostis gigantea (Hoffmanns. ex Link) Trinius &amp; Ruprecht (1842: 96) .</p><p>≡ Macrochloa gigantea (Hoffmanns. ex Link) Hackel (1880: 16) .</p><p>Note: according to Code (Art. 9.19) (Turland et al. 2018), the lectotype designated by Medina &amp; Aedo (2022: 11) (MA00005273! [digital imagen]), is invalid, because on this herbarium sheet, named “ Avena gigantea sp. n ” by Cavanilles, the original label does not give any information on the origin of the collection, and the number “62” assigned to Link is not contrasted; the elements that support the origins such as type material of Stipa gigantea are poor. The sheet B-W01776-01! ( Stipa gigantea N [Hoffmannsegg]), collected by Hoffmannsegg (and probably Link), with the identification “ Stipa gigantea N”, from Portugal, gives more options for a lectotype of Stipa gigantea, and is designated here (Art. 9.19 of Code (Turland et al. 2018)) and the correct name will be Stipa gigantea Hoffmanns. ex Link.</p><p>Culm erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous, 120–340 cm tall; prophylls to 120 mm, acuminate, striate surface, pubescent to tomentose. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, or the lower scabrid, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, frequently ciliated; ligule lanceolate, decurrent, 0.4–12 mm long, apex acute to obtuse; vegetative blades culms to 135 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially scabrous striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 14 mm wide extended lamina; fertile blades culms to 32 cm long, plane to convolute, abaxially glabrous to scabrous, adaxially scabrous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 9 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 5 mm wide when rolled, rigid sharp-pointed acute to obtuse. Inflorescence 20–62 cm long, panicle pyramidal, open, loose, the axis glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, glabrous to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in the 2/3 of long. Spikelet free, frequently rocked by the wind, the lateral pedicel to 25 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes lanceolate, sub-equal, 19–40 mm long, upper&gt; lower, green to purple with hyaline long-acuminate tips, gold when mature, 3 scabrid to smooth ribs; lemma slender, terete to fusiform, ca. 12–22 mm long, surface homogenously villous, bifid apex, with lateral membranous lanceolate apicule to 8 mm, acuminate; callus sharp and slender, 2.5–5.5 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea elliptic to lineal, 12–24 mm long, dorsally villous, with flexuous hairs to 4 mm, apex bifid with two teeth to 4 mm and two nerves travel the surface from the base to the apex, including the teeth; awn 6–14 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) 2–5 cm long, twisted, scabrid, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;1.5 cm), the third segment (seta) 3–7 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals lanceolate acute, 1–2 ribs, apex entire 1–3 mm long, the posterior rounded, oblong, 0 rib, 2.5–3.3 mm long; anthers 9–18 mm long, apex apiculate, bearded with hairs up to 0.7 mm; stigma 2, flexuous, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 8–14 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 9).</p><p>Key to the Celtica gigantea subspecies</p><p>1. Anther apex hairs 0.4–0.7(0.8) mm. Awn (7–) 8–14 cm. Glumes 24.5–37(42) mm long ..................... C. gigantea subsp. gigantea .</p><p>- Anther apex hairs 0.2–0.35 mm. Awn 4–7(–8) cm. Glumes 19–29(30) mm long .......................................................................... 2.</p><p>2. Glume 23–27(30) mm. Panicle 85–95 flowers. Stem 1.8–3.2(3.7) m ................................................ C. gigantea subsp. donyanae .</p><p>- Glume (19) 21–26 mm. Panicle (24)35–70(80) flowers. Stem 0.55–1.6 m ...................................... C. gigantea subsp. maroccana .</p><p>1a. Celtica gigantea subsp. gigantea (Hoffmanns. ex Link) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 491) . (Figure 9 (b1– h1))</p><p>= Stipa arenaria Brotero (1804: 86) [holotype LISU destroyed (Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 491)].</p><p>= Avena cavanillesii Lagasca (1805: 39) (lectotype MA 5240!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 165).</p><p>= Macrochloa arenaria (Brot.) Kunth (1829: 59) .</p><p>= Avena striata Schousb. ex Willkomm &amp; Lange (1861: 60), pro syn.</p><p>Stem (0.56–)0.72–1.8(–2.4) m. Panicle to 95 flowers. Glumes 24.5–37(–42) mm. Anthers 10–17 mm, bearded with hairs 0.4–0.7(–0.8) mm long (Figure 9 (b1–h1)).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering April–May.</p><p>Habitat:—Montane and plains areas up to 1700 m a.s.l., on loose, loamy to sandy soils, occasionally clayey, with acid to slightly alkaline pH; usually in open areas, exposed, often with rock outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-W]. In North Africa: Morocco (Figure 8).</p><p>1b. Celtica gigantea subsp. donyanae (F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 492) . (Figure 9 (b2–h2))</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. Almonte, Reserva Biológica de Doñana, laguna de Santa, Ana, 2 May 1990, S. García &amp; F. M. Vázquez s.n. [holotype UNEX 14352!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 165)] .</p><p>≡ Stipa gigantea subsp. donyanae F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 165) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Macrochloa arenaria subsp. donyanae (F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa) Fennane (2008: 265) .</p><p>Stem 1.8–3.2(–3.7) m. Panicle 85–130(–140) flowers. Glumes 23–27(–30) mm. Anthers 9–12 mm, bearded with hairs 0.2–0.35 mm long (Figure 9 (b2–h2).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering April–May.</p><p>Habitat:—Coastal areas on maritime sandy soils up to 200 m a.s.l., with acid pH; in open areas, near pools, depressions and small river banks, exposed.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-SW]. In North Africa: Morocco (Figure 8).</p><p>1c. Celtica gigantea subsp. maroccana (Pau &amp; Font Quer) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2004: 492) . (Figure 9 (b3– h3))</p><p>≡ Stipa gigantea var. maroccana Pau &amp; Font Quer in Font i Quer (1929: nº 23) (Bas.) (lectotype BC 67570!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1997: 202).</p><p>≡ Stipa gigantea subsp. maroccana (Pau &amp; Font Quer) Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1997: 202) .</p><p>≡ Macrochloa arenaria subsp. maroccana (Pau &amp; Font Quer) Fennane (2008: 266) .</p><p>≡ Stipa maroccana (Pau &amp; Font Quer) Moraldo, in herb. (G180196!).</p><p>= Stipa gigantea var. mesatlantica Andreansky (1934: 90) (lectotype BU165655!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1997: 203).</p><p>Stem 0.55–1.6 m. Panicle (24–)35–70(–80) flowers. Glumes (19–) 21–26 mm. Anthers 8–11 mm, bearded with hairs 0.2–0.30 mm long (Figure 9 (b3–h3).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering May–June.</p><p>Habitat:—Calcareous mountains in of the Atlantic plains and the Rif region, on sandy to clayey soils with alkaline pH, in open areas&gt; 900 m a.s.l.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-SW]. In North Africa: Morocco (Figure 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFDBFFC2019AFCD1FBE04A2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFD9FFF8019AFB13FF1248B8.text	B0360337FFD9FFF8019AFB13FF1248B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrochloa Kunth 1829	<div><p>Macrochloa Kunth (1829: 58) .</p><p>Type:— Macrochloa tenacissima (Loef. ex L.) Kunth (1829: 58).</p><p>≡ Lasiagrostis sect. Macrochloa (Kunth) Trinius &amp; Ruprecht (1842: 94) .</p><p>≡ Stipa L. sect. Macrochloa (Kunth) Pfeiffer (1872: 132) .</p><p>≡ Stipa L. sect. Macrochloa (Kunth) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 161), comb. superfl.</p><p>≡ Stipa L. subgen. Macrochloa (Kunth) Barreña, D. Rivera, Alcaraz &amp; Obón (2006: 7) .</p><p>Perennials, caespitose, simple panicle highly ramified, short peduncle. Flower glumes sub-equal, lemma apex dents; palea entire or denticulate, homogeneous pubescence, involved margins; anthers apex hairs; callus acute; awn bigeniculate, plumose, long.</p><p>Key to the Macrochloa species</p><p>1.</p><p>-</p><p>2.</p><p>- Sheaths pubescent .................................................................................................................................................... M. antiatlantica . Sheaths smooth ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2. Palea glabrous with entire apex ................................................................................................................................ M. tenacissima . Palea pubescent, with dentate apex ............................................................................................................................ M. gabesensis .</p><p>1. Macrochloa antiatlantica (Barreña, D. Rivera, Alcaraz &amp; Obón) H. Scholz &amp; Valdés (2006: 663) . (Figure 10 &amp; 11 (b4–h4))</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. Agadir. Tizi Mlil, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.85/lat 29.716667)">Tafraoute</a> (Anti Atlas) 29°43’N, 8°51’W, unploughed grounds on volcanic substrata, 1800 m.a.s.l.,, 5 June 1980, A. Charpin, J. Fernández-Casas, F. Jacquemoud &amp; D. Jeanmonod MAR-275 (holotype G179625! (G22751)!, isotype MA-292529!, designated by Barreña, Rivera, Alcaraz &amp; Obón (2006: 13)) .</p><p>≡ Stipa antiatlantica Barreña, D. Rivera, Alcaraz &amp; Obón (2006: 13) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Stipa tenacissima var. villosiuscula Lindberg (1932: 24) (Lectotype H1068682! (digital imagen), Lectoparatype H1068681! (digital imagen) designate here).</p><p>= Stipa tenacissima subsp. atlantica J. Barreña, in herb. (G360087!).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at the base, pubescent in the vegetative leaves (sheaths), 80–160 cm tall; prophylls aristate, 8–10 cm plumose arista, to tomentose. Leaves with sheaths pubescent to lanuginose upper on the stem, free margin, scabrid; ligule to 2 mm, transform in the line of hairs; vegetative blades culms to 61 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous to pubescent in sheath contact, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.1 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 29 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.2 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 33 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis glabrous to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, slender, sub-flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower up to 15 mm long, frequently scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 20–27(–29) mm long, green to purple when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 7–9(–9.2) mm long, homogenously pubescent apex truncate, ciliate and aristate, with arista to 2 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 1.7–2.8 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 7.5–9.5(–10) mm, dorsally pubescent, apex denticulated; awn 5.5–7.5(–8) cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 1.8 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 4.3 mm long, one geniculate, the second segment (rest or seta) to 6 cm, flexuous, angled, scabrous, gradually less scabrid up to tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–2 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1–2 ribs, apex entire, the posterior lineal longer than laterals, to 0.2 mm long; anthers 7.5–8.5(–9) mm long, apex apiculate, bearded with hairs to 0.3 mm; stigma 2–3, plumose. Caryopsis not studied (Figure 11 (b4–h4)).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering June to July.</p><p>Habitat:—Open areas in SW Morocco, up to 2000 m a.s.l., on calcareous soils and in volcanic areas.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-Maroccan]. Endemic to the Anti- and High-Atlas (Morocco) (Figure 10).</p><p>2. Macrochloa gabesensis (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) F.M. Vázquez comb. nov. (Figure 11 (b2,3–h2,3) &amp; 12).</p><p>Type:— TUNISIA. Pseudosteppe aux environs de Gabès, 16 April 1986, Raffaelli &amp; C. Ricceri s.n. [holotype FI001105! [digital image], designated by Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri (1989: 78)).</p><p>≡ Stipa gabesensis Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri (1989: 78) (Bas.).</p><p>≡ Stipa tenacissima subsp. gabesensis (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) Barreña, D. Rivera, Alcaraz &amp; Obón (2006: 13) .</p><p>≡ Macrochloa tenacissima subsp. gabesensis (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) H. Scholz &amp; Valdés (2006: 663) .</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to scabrid, 60–180 cm tall; prophylls aristate, 8–11 cm plumose arista, pubescent to tomentose. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, free margin, scabrid; ligule to 2 mm, transform in line of hairs; vegetative blades culms to 75 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.2 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 34 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 37 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis glabrous to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, slender, sub-flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 16 mm long, frequently scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 19–30(–38) mm long, green to purple when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 5.5–9(–9.5) mm long, homogeny pubescent apex truncate, ciliate and aristate, with arista to 2.2 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 1.5–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 6.5–10(–11) mm, dorsally pubescent, bifid; awn 4.5–9.5(10.5) cm long, persistent, twice-geniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 4.5 mm long, unigeniculate, the second segment (rest or seta) to 7 cm, flexuous, angled, scabrous, gradually less scabrid up to tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–2 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1–2 ribs, apex entire, the posterior lineal longer than laterals, to 0.25 mm long; anthers 6.5–10(–11) mm long, apex apiculate, bearded with hairs to 0.3 mm long; stigma 2–3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–8(–8.5) mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 11 (b2,3–h2,3).</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-North Africa]: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Figure 12). Expected in Libya.</p><p>Representative specimens:—Appendix II.</p><p>Key to the Macrochloa gabesensis subspecies</p><p>1. Glumes (19–25(–29) mm long. Awn 4.5–8.5 cm .......................................................................... M. gabesensis subsp. gabesensis . - Glumes (30–) 32–38 mm. Awn 7–9.5(–10.5) cm ............................................................................... M. gabesensis subsp. kelibiae .</p><p>2a. Macrochloa gabesensis subsp. gabesensis (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) F.M. Vázquez (Figure 11 (b2–h2) &amp; 12).</p><p>= Stipa kralifii Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri (1989: 80) [holotype FI001106! [digital image], designated by Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri (1989: 80)].</p><p>Culm 60–150 cm tall, erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to scabrid; prophylls aristate, to 11 cm. Leaves with sheaths glabrous; ligule to 2 mm, transform in line of hairs; vegetative blades culms to 66 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.2 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 27 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.8 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 16 mm long, frequently scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 19–25(–29) mm long, green to purple when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 5.5–9 mm long, homogeny pubescent apex truncate, ciliate and aristate, with arista to 2.2 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 1.5–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 6.5–10 mm, dorsally pubescent, bifid; Awn 4.5–8.5 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs up to 4.5 mm long, unigeniculate, the second segment (rest or seta) to 6 cm, flexuous, angled, scabrous, gradually less scabrid up to tip; anthers 6.5–10 mm long. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–8 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 11 (b2–h2)).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering March to June.</p><p>Habitat:—Open areas with calcareous soils, below 2200 m a.s.l., forming espartals in arid areas with less than 500 mm of rainfall per year.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-North Africa]: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Figure 12). Expected in Libya.</p><p>Notes:—Within this subspecies, qualitative and quantitative variation has been detected. Compared with typical specimens, some have small-sized floral pieces (palea ≤ 8.5 mm, vs.&gt; 8 mm, and lemma ≤ 6.8 mm, vs&gt; 6.5 mm). These variations were not considered taxonomically because they occured within the range of species variation.</p><p>2b. Macrochloa gabesensis subsp. kelibiae (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) F.M. Vázquez comb. et stat. nov. (Figure 11 (b3–h3) &amp; 12).</p><p>Type:— TUNISIA. Betw. Kelibia &amp; El-Haouaria, 30 m, 13 April 1986, M. Raffaelli &amp; C. Ricceri s.n. [holotype FI001104! [digital image], designated by Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri (1989: 80)).</p><p>≡ Stipa kelibiae Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri (1989: 80) (Bas.).</p><p>Culm 90–180 cm tall, erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to scabrid; prophylls aristated, to 8.5 cm plumose arista, pubescent to tomentose. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, free margin, scabrid; ligule to 2 mm, transform in line of hairs; vegetative blades culms to 75 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 34 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Spikelet free, slider in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 12 mm long, frequently scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, (30–) 32–38 mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 6.5–9.5 mm long, homogenously pubescent apex truncate, ciliate and aristated, with arista to 4 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 2–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 8–11 mm, dorsally pubescent, bifid; awn 7–9.5(10.5) cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 5 mm long, unigeniculate, the second segment (rest or seta) to 7 cm, flexuous, angled, scabrous, gradually less scabrid up to tip; anthers 7.5–11 mm long. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–8.5 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 11 (b3–h3)).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering March to June.</p><p>Habitat:—Open areas with calcareous and volcanic soils, below 2100 m a.s.l., forming espartals in arid areas with less than 500 mm of rainfall per year.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-S]. In North Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Figure 12). Expected in Libya.</p><p>3. Macrochloa tenacissima (Loefl. ex L.) Kunth (1829: 59) (Figure 11 (b1–h1) &amp; 12).</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. Hisp., Loefling 5.56b (lectotype LINN 94-7!, designated by Vázquez et al. (1995: 185).</p><p>≡ Stipa tenacissima Loefl. ex L. (1755: 6) (Bas.).</p><p>≡ Lasiagrostis tenacissima (L.) Trinius &amp; Ruprecht (1842: 94).</p><p>= Stipa tenacissima subsp. paucipila Barreña, Alcaraz &amp; Rivera in herb.(G105240!).</p><p>= Stipa tenacissima subsp. kerguelenii Barreña, Alcaraz &amp; Rivera, in herb. (G8473-28!).</p><p>Culm 80–180 cm tall, erect not geniculate at base, glabrous; prophylls aristated, plumose arista to 8 cm, pubescent to tomentose. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, free margin, scabrid; ligule to 2 mm, transform in line of hairs; vegetative blades culms to 65 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, up to 2.5 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 36 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 45 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis glabrous to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, slender, sub-flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, slider in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 12 mm long, frequently scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 25–37(–39) mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 7–10.5 mm long, homogeny pubescent apex truncate, ciliate and aristated, with arista to 3 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 1–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 8–11 mm, dorsally glabrous, not bifid, Awn 5–9.5 cm long, persistent, twice-geniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 5 mm long, unigeniculate, the second segment (rest or seta) to 7 cm, flexuous, angled, scabrous, gradually less scabrid up to tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–3 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1–2 ribs, apex entire, the posterior lineal longer than laterals, to 0.3 mm long; anthers 7.5–12 mm long, apex apiculate, bearded with hairs up to 0.35 mm; stigma 2–3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–8 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 11 (b1–h1)).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering March to June.</p><p>Habitat:—Mostly open areas with calcareous soils, below 1700 m a.s.l., forming espartals in arid areas with less than 550 mm of rainfall per year.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-Occidental]. In North Africa: Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure</p><p>12).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFD9FFF8019AFB13FF1248B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFE3FFFA019AFBF5FB7448B3.text	B0360337FFE3FFFA019AFBF5FB7448B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oloptum Roser & Hamasha 2012	<div><p>Oloptum Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 365) .</p><p>Type:— Oloptum miliaceum (L.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 365)</p><p>≡ Piptatherum sect. Miliacea Roshevitz (1951: 84), nom. illeg.</p><p>≡ Piptatherum sect. Miliacea Roshevitz ex Freitag (1975: 361) .</p><p>Perennials, caespitose, Simple panicle lax, long peduncle. Flowers glumes sub-equals, lemma not coriaceous truncated; palea entire, not involved by lemma; anthers apex glabrous; callus straight obtuse; awn not geniculated, scabrid and deciduous.</p><p>Key to the Oloptum species.</p><p>1. Panicle verticillate (5–)7–12 branches of spikelets per nude. All branches fertile ..................................................... O. miliaceum . - Panicle verticillate with 14–21(–25) branches of spikelets per nude. Some branches sterile ....................................... O. thomasii .</p><p>1. Oloptum miliaceum (L.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 365). (Figure 13 &amp; 14).</p><p>Type:— EUROPE without date, collector or number (lectotype LINN 84.2!, designated by Meikle 1985: 1794(2)). ≡ Agrostis miliacea Linnaeus (1753: 61) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Achnatherum miliaceum (L.) P. Beauvois (1812: 19).</p><p>≡ Milium multiflorum Cavanilles (1801: 36), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Nassella multiflora (Cav.) Druce (1928: 125), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Ascherson &amp; Schweinfurth (1887: 169).</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis multiflora (Cav.) Druce (1913: 180), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Piptatherum frutescens Schultes (1824: 183), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Cosson (1851: 129) &amp; E. Fournier (1866: 119).</p><p>≡ Piptatherum multiflorum (Cav.) P. Beauvois (1812: 19), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Stipa miliacea (L.) Hoover (1966: 340).</p><p>≡ Urachne miliacea (L.) K. Koch (1848: 439).</p><p>≡ Urachne multiflora (Cav.) Link (1827: 93), nom. superfl.</p><p>≡ Urachne parviflora Trinius (1820: 110), nom. superfl.</p><p>= Agrostis sepium Linnaeus (1759: 872) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Agrostis sepium Jacquin (1762: 12), nom. illeg., not Linnaeus (1759: 872).</p><p>= Agrostis oseroensis Seenus (1805: 50) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Milium arundinaceum Smith in J. Sibthorp &amp; J.E. Smith (1806: 45). [lectotype n.v.]. = Agrostis graeca Sibthorp in J. Sibthorp &amp; J.E. Smith (1808: t. 66), pro syn..</p><p>= Agrostis monandra Hornemann (1808:1) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Agrostis comosa Poir. in J.B.A.M. de Lamarck (1810: 257). [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Agrostis milium-comosum Poir. in J.B.A.M. de Lamarck (1810: 257). [lectotype n.v.]. = Milium comosum Poir. in J.B.A.M. de Lamarck (1810: 257), pro syn ..</p><p>= Piptatherum comosum (Poir.) Römer &amp; Schultes (1817: 330) .</p><p>= Milium microspermum Hornemann (1819: 8), nom. illeg., not Lagasca (1816: 2).</p><p>= Milium frutescens Link (1821: 71), pro syn.</p><p>= Urachne frutescens Link (1827: 93) . [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Agrostis berica Steudel (1840: 39), pro syn.</p><p>= Agrostis dispar Steudel (1840: 40), pro syn.</p><p>= Milium gaditanum Steudel (1841: 146), pro syn.</p><p>= Milium pauciflorum Trinius (1842: 11), pro syn</p><p>= Urachne pauciflora (Trin.) Boissier (1884: 507), pro syn.</p><p>= Urachne comosa (Poir.) B.D. Jackson (1895: 1147), pro syn.</p><p>= Oryzopsis pauciflora (Trin.) Béguinot &amp; Vacc. (1913: 94) .</p><p>= Oryzopsis miliacea f. floribunda Sennen (1933: nº8959) nom. nud.</p><p>= Piptatherum verticillatum Vayreda &amp; Vila (1931: 61), nom. nud.</p><p>Culm erect, glabrous, 30–120 cm tall; without prophylls. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, or the lower scabrid, especially on the innovations, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliated; ligule 0.5–2 mm long, thin, decurrent, apex truncated, glabrous to pilose, especially in the contact to the limb; vegetative blades culms 12–42(–48) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous or sometimes pilose, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 6 mm wide extended lamina; Fertile blades culms 4–14(–16) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous, striated, scabrous on the margin, up to 4.5 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 2 mm wide when rolled, flexible sharp-pointed. Inflorescence 15–45(–55) cm long, panicle pyramidal, falling, loose, the axis scabrid to glabrous, the branches in distant verticils with (5)7–12 per nude, all fertile, slender, flexuous, more or less scabrous, spikelet-bearing in the upper half, the lowermost ca. 3–15(–22) cm long, the lower internode of axis as much as 12 cm long. Spikelet free, solitary and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. 7 mm long, scabrid to glabrescent; glumes sub-equal, 2.5–4.1 mm long upper glume and 2.7–4.3 mm long lower glume, with apex green, gold (mature) to purple with hyaline acute apex, 3–5 ribs, scabrid to smooth; lemma ovate to lanceolate, 2.4–3.2 mm long, smooth, coriaceous, revolute margins, brown; without callus; palea 2–3 mm long, smooth; awn 2.5–4.5 mm long, early deciduous, scabrid; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals asymmetric apex obtuse, 2 ribs, 0.3–0.9 mm long, the posterior obtuse, 1 rib, ca. 0.6 mm long; anthers 1–1.4 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis, fusiform, 2–3 mm long, pale brown (Figure 14).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering April–October.</p><p>Habitat:—Roads and paths, on walls, rocky outcrops and ruderalized spaces in urban areas.</p><p>Distribution:—[Panmediterranean]. In North Africa: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania (Figure 13).</p><p>2. Oloptum thomasii (Duby) Banfi &amp; Galasso (2014: 81) &amp; Gutermann (2014: 190) (isonym). (Figure 13 &amp; 15).</p><p>Type:— FRANCE. Corsicae, Capo Corso, without date, PH. Thomas (lectotype G-P. Thomas 1823!, designated here). ≡ Milium thomasii Duby (1828: 505) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Urachne thomasii (Duby) Steudel (1854: 122) .</p><p>≡ Piptatherum miliaceum var. thomasii (Duby) Boissier (1884: 507) .</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis miliacea subsp. thomasii (Duby) K. Richter (1890: 33) .</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis miliacea f. thomasii (Duby) Ascherson &amp; Graebner (1898: 97) .</p><p>≡ Milium multiflorum var. thomasii (Duby) Goiran (1910: 60) .</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis thomasii (Duby) P. Silva (1964: 6) .</p><p>≡ Piptatherum miliaceum subsp. thomasii (Duby) Soják (1982: 14) .</p><p>≡ Achnatherum thomasii (Duby) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (2019: 90) .</p><p>≡ Oloptum miliaceum subsp. thomasii (Duby) P.P. Ferrer, R. Roselló, E. Laguna &amp; J.B. Peris (2022: 44)</p><p>Culm erect, glabrous, 40–160 cm tall; without prophylls. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, or the lower scabrid, especially on the innovations, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliated; ligule 0.5–2.2 mm long, thin, decurrent, apex truncated, glabrous to pilose, especially in the contact to the limb; vegetative blades culms 12–40(–45) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous or sometimes pilose, striated, scabrous on the margin, up to 6.5 mm wide extended lamina; fertile blades culms 4–14(–18) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous, striated, scabrous on the margin, up to 4.5 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 2 mm wide when rolled, flexible sharp-pointed. Panicle pyramidal, falling, loose, 25–52(–65) cm long, the axis scabrid to glabrous, the branches in distant verticils with 14–21(25) per nude, any sterile, slender, flexuous, more-less scabrous, spikelet-bearing in the upper half, the lowermost about 3–15(–22) cm long, the lower internode of axis as much as 12 cm long. Spikelet free, solitary and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. 7 mm long, scabrid to glabrescent; glumes sub-equal, 2.4–4 mm long upper glume and 2.5–4.2 mm long lower glume, with apex green, gold (mature) to purple with hyaline acute apex, 3–5 ribs, scabrid to smooth; lemma ovate to sub-ovate, occasionally lanceolate, 2–3.1 mm long, smooth, coriaceous, revolute margins, brown; without callus; palea 2–3 mm long, smooth; awn 2.5–4.4 mm long, early deciduous, scabrid; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals symmetric apex obtuse, 2 ribs, 0.3–0.9 mm long, the posterior obtuse, 1 rib, ca. 0.6 mm long; anthers 1.2–1.5 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis, fusiform, 2–3 mm long, pale brown (Figure 15).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering May–September.</p><p>Habitat:—Roads and paths, on walls, rocky outcrops and ruralized spaces in urban areas.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean]. In North Africa: Egypt, Algeria, Morocco (Figure 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFE3FFFA019AFBF5FB7448B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFE1FFF2019AF937FCFC4904.text	B0360337FFE1FFF2019AF937FCFC4904.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piptatherum P. Beauvois 1812	<div><p>Piptatherum P. Beauvois (1812: 17) .</p><p>Type:— Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauvois (Beauvois, 1812: 18) .</p><p>Perennials, caespitose, Simple panicle lax, long peduncle. Flower glumes sub-equal, lemma coriaceous, truncated; palea entire, not involved by lemma; anthers apex glabrous; callus incurved obtuse; awn not geniculated, scabrid and deciduous or persistent.</p><p>Key to the Piptatherum species</p><p>1. Lineal panicle, 1–2 branches per nude of 0.4–1.4 cm long. Glumes 4–5 mm long ...................................................... P. fumeauxii .</p><p>- Lanceolate, obovate to lineal panicle 2–6 branches per nude and (1.7–)2–6(–8) cm long. Glumes 5.5–12 mm ........................... 2.</p><p>2. Lemma and palea smooth, only tuff of hairs in the base .......................................................................................... P. coerulescens .</p><p>- Lemma and palea pilose to pubescent ........................................................................................... P. holciforme subsp. longiglume .</p><p>1. Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauvois (1812: 18) . (Figure 16 &amp; 17)</p><p>Type:— ATLANTIS. Desfontaines, without date or number (lectotype P-DESF, Isolectotypes G (herb. Ventenat)!, S14-9283! (left exemplar) (Vázquez et al., 2022: 245).</p><p>≡ Milium coerulescens Desfontaines (1798: 66) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Agrostis coerulescens (Desf.) Poir. in de Lamarck J.B.A.M. (1810: 258) .</p><p>≡ Agrostis coerulescens (Desf.) Lamarck ex De Candolle (1815: 250), isonym.</p><p>≡ Urachne coerulescens (Desf.) Trinius (1820: 110) .</p><p>≡ Stipa coerulescens (Desf.) Raspail (1825: 449) .</p><p>≡ Oryzopsis coerulescens (Desf.) Hackel (1885: 75) .</p><p>= Piptatherum coerulescens var. pallidum Heldr. in herb (WU0079476!)</p><p>= Piptatherum coerulescens var. stramineum Haussknecht (1899: 42) (lectotype JE n.v.; isolectotype: WU0079476! (digital imagen) designated here).</p><p>= Oryzopsis coerulescens var. straminea (Hausskn.) Halácsy (1904: 345) .</p><p>Culm erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous, 45–95(–120) cm tall; without prophylls. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, or the lower ocassionally scabrid, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, glabrous; ligule thin, decurrent, (2.5–) 4–8 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous, scabrid to pilose; vegetative blades culms 12–32(–40) cm long, involute, abaxially scabrid to pubescent, adaxially striated, scabrous to glabrous, scabrous on the margin, to 6 mm wide extended lamina, fertile blades culms 5–18(–26) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially scabrous to pubescent, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 4 mm wide when extended, lamina, ca. 2 mm wide when rolled, acute apex. Inflorescence (8–)10–16(–24) × 6–12(–14) cm long, panicle ovate, to lanceolate, occasionally lineal, lax, the axis scabrid, the 2–6 branches (1.7–)2–6(–8) cm in distant verticils, slender, flexuous, scabrous to finely scabrid, smooth below, spikelet-bearing in the upper half. Spikelet ovate and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. 6–8(–9) mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, unequal, 5.5–7 mm upper glume with 5 ribs, smooth; (5–)6–8(–9) mm lower glume, with 7 ribs smooth, frequently purple with acute hyaline tips; lemma slender, sub-ovate, (3.5–) 4–5 mm long, smooth, coriaceous, rolled margin, black, apex obtuse glabrous, base tuff of hairs; without callus; palea 3.5–4.5 mm, smooth, imbricated to lemma, black; Awn (1.8–) 2–2.6 mm long, early deciduous, straight, scabrid. lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–1.2 mm long, acute, 2 ribs, apex entire the posterior ca. 1 mm long, acute, 1 rib, apex entire; anthers 2–2.5 mm long, apex bearded; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 2.5–3 mm long, brown (Figure 17).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering May–July(–August).</p><p>Habitat:—Roads and paths, rocky outcrops, mainly in open areas (but also in scrubs and open woods), on many types of soils (preferably calcareous).</p><p>Distribution:—[Mediterranean and Turanian]. In North Africa: Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco (Figure 16).</p><p>2. Piptatherum fumeauxii F.M. Vázquez, M. Chambouleyron &amp; C. Chatelain (2022: 244) . (Fig. 16 &amp; 18)</p><p>Type:— ALGERIA. Wilaya, Tamaransset Massif, Hoggar Mountais, Assekrem Südhänge, 18 February 1989, D. Podlech 33388 (holotype G184360! (right specimen), topotype G00408273!, paratype G00408274!), designated by Vázquez et al. (2022: 244) .</p><p>Culm 10–20(–25) cm tall, erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous; without prophylls. Leaves with sheaths scabrous lower and fertile leaves, free margin, scabrid; ligule thin, decurrent, to 0.5–2 mm long, apex truncate, lacerated apex, surface scabrid; vegetative blades culms to 4 cm long, involute to plane, abaxially scabrid to pubescent, adaxially striated, scabrous, scabrous on the margin, to 4 mm wide extended lamina, fertile blades culms to 2.7 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially scabrous, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 3 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 1.5 mm wide when rolled, acute apex. Inflorescence (4–)5–7 × &lt;10 cm long, panicle lineal, congest, the axis scabrid, the 1–2 branches 0.5–1.4 cm in distant verticils, slender, flexuous, more-less scabrous, spikelet-bearing in the upper half. Spikelet ovate to obovate and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. to 5 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, unequal, 4–4.7 mm upper glume with 3 ribs, smooth; 4–5 mm lower glume, with 3–5 ribs smooth, frequently lower green and gold to purple upper with acute hyaline tips; lemma slender, sub-ovate, 2.7–3.3 mm long, smooth, coriaceous, rolled margin, black, apex obtuse glabrous, basal tuft of hairs; without callus; palea 2.6–3.2 mm, smooth, imbricated to lemma, black; awn 0.9–1.2 mm long, early deciduous, rect, scabrid; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 0.6–0.8 mm long, acute, 2 ribs, apex entire the posterior ca. 0.6 mm long acute, 1 rib, apex entire; anthers 1–1.3 mm long, apex bearded; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis not studied (Figure 18).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering February–Mars(–April).</p><p>Habitat:—Rocky outcrops in the desert mountains.</p><p>Distribution:—[Saharan]. Endemic to the Hoggar massif (Algeria) (Figure 16).</p><p>3. Piptatherum holciforme subsp. longiglume (Hausskn.) Freitag ex F.M. Vázquez &amp; F. Marq. (2022: 245) . (Figure 16 &amp; 19).</p><p>Type:— GREECE.Argolís, Nauplia in M. Palamid, 28 April 1885, C. Haussknecht s.n. [lectotype JE 00019245! (left exemplar), designated by Vázquez et al. (2022: 245)]. ≡ Piptatherum holciforme var. longiglume Haussknecht (1899: 42) . (Bas.) ≡ Oryzopsis holciformis var. longiglumis (Hausskn.) Halácsy (1904: 354) . ≡ Piptatherum longiglume (Hausskn.) Holub (1977: 429) . ≡ Piptatherum holciforme subsp. longiglume (Hausskn.) Freitag (1975: 372), comb. inval. (without basonyms). = Urachne sinaica Steudel (1854: 122) (isotype MICH 1229062!). = Oryzopsis coerulescens var. grandis Pampanini (1936: 20) [lectotype FI 018160! (indicant not designated before by Scholz (1974) and</p><p>Cuccuini et al. (2016), designated here). = Oryzopsis grandis (Pamp.) Maire &amp; Weiller, in Maire (1953: 87).</p><p>Culm erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous, (40–) 55–92 cm tall; without prophylls. Leaves with glabrous sheaths, or the lower ocassionally scabrid, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, glabrous; ligule thin, decurrent, (3–) 4–8 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, lacerate, glabrous; vegetative blades culms 11–30(–45) cm long, involute, abaxially scabrid to pubescent, adaxially striated, scabrous to glabrous, scabrous on the margin, to 6 mm wide extended lamina; fertile blades culms to 28 cm long, plane to involute, abaxially scabrous, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 4 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 2 mm wide when rolled, obtuse apex. Inflorescence 12–16(– 20) × 7–9(–12) cm long, panicle ovate, lax, the axis scabrid, the 2–6 branches 2–5(–6) cm in distant verticils, slender, flexuous, more or less scabrous, smooth below, spikelet-bearing in the upper half. Spikelet ovate to lanceolate and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. 6–9 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, unequal, 10–12 mm upper glume with 5–7 ribs, smooth; 11–14 mm lower glume, with 5–7 ribs smooth, frequently purple with acute hyaline tips; lemma slender, sub-ovate, 5–8 mm long, pubescent with hairs to 0.35 mm, especially in upper, coriaceous, rolled margin, black, apex acute, basal tuft of hairs; without callus; palea 5–7.5 mm, pubescent, imbricated to lemma, black; awn 10–15 mm long, deciduous, rect, scabrid; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–1.2 mm long, acute, 2 ribs, apex entire the posterior ca. 1 mm long, acute, 1 rib, apex entire; anthers 3–4 mm long, apex bearded; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, ellipsoid, 3–3.5 mm long, brown (Figure 19).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering March–May.</p><p>Habitat:—Rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean Northern and Irano-Turanian]. In North Africa: Egypt, Libya (Figure 16).</p><p>Notes:—Absent from Morocco (Vazquez et al., 2022: 245).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFE1FFF2019AF937FCFC4904	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFE9FF9E019AFDA1FEE24D27.text	B0360337FFE9FF9E019AFDA1FEE24D27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa Linnaeus 1753	<div><p>Stipa Linnaeus (1753: 78) .</p><p>Type:— Stipa pennata Linnaeus (Freitag, 1985: 437; Jarvis et al., 1993: 91)</p><p>Perennials, caespitose. Simple panicle poor to highly ramified, long peduncle. Flowers glumes sub-equals, lemma apex truncated, seriated, or not surface pubescence, involved margins; anthers apex smooth or hairs; callus acute; awn bigeniculate, scabrid or plumose, long.</p><p>Key to Stipa sections and series</p><p>1. Awn column smooth, seta plumose with hairs 2.5–7 mm ............................................................................................ S. sect. Stipa .</p><p>- Awn column scabrid to plumose, with hairs 0.1–2.3 mm ................................................................................ S. sect. Leiostipa (2).</p><p>2. Awn сolumn plumose to pilose with hairs 0.8–2.3 mm .................................................................. S. sect. Leiostipa ser. Barbatae .</p><p>- Awn column scabrid with prickles 0.1–0.2 mm .............................................................................................................................. 3.</p><p>3. Lemma surface not seriated; homogeny pubescent ......................................................................... S. sect Leiostipa ser. Africanae .</p><p>- Lemma surface seriated; with hair lines equal to inequal ................................................................ S. sect Leiostipa ser. Leiostipa .</p><p>Key to Stipa species NB: The lemma dimension is not included the callus.</p><p>1. Awn plumose, with hairs 1–7 mm ................................................................................................................................................... 2.</p><p>- Awn scabrid, with pickles or hairs 0.1–0.8 mm .............................................................................................................................. 6.</p><p>2. Column of awn smooth ................................................................................................................................................................... 3.</p><p>- Column of awn pubescent to pilose ................................................................................................................................................. 5.</p><p>3. Lemma (17–)18–21(–22) mm. Glumes (68–)72–95(–100) mm long. Sheath sterile leaves scabrid frequently to pubescent ........... ..................................................................................................................................................................................... S. almeriensis .</p><p>- Lemma 14–16(–16.5) mm. Glumes (35–)48–68(–70) mm long. Sheath sterile leaves smooth, scabrid to pubescent ................... 4.</p><p>4. Abaxial surface of sterile leaves smooth. Awn 21–28(–30) cm. Glumes (35–)45–58(–62) mm ................................. S. apertifolia .</p><p>- Abaxial surface of sterile leaves pubescent, occasionally scabrid. Awn 28–38(–40) cm. Glumes (58–)60–68(–70)mm.................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... S. atlantica .</p><p>5. Awn 15–20 cm long with hairs 0.4–0.9(–1) mm ................................................................................................................ S. × alba .</p><p>- Awn 10–22 cm long with hairs 1.2–2.7 mm ..................................................................................................................... S. barbata .</p><p>6. Column of awn with scabrid angles and progressive middle lines of prickles. Ligule truncated (0.5–) 0.8–1.5 mm long. Lemma (7–)8–9(–9.5) mm. Cleistogamous plants ................................................................................................................... S. maroccana .</p><p>- Column of awn with scabrid angles and slides middle smooth. Lemma (7–) 7.5–14 mm. Chasmogamous or cleistogamous plants .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7.</p><p>7. Sheath sterile leaves pubescent ....................................................................................................................................................... 8.</p><p>- Sheath sterile leaves scabrid to smooth ........................................................................................................................................... 9.</p><p>8. Lemma seriated. Internodal stem smooth to pubescent. Callus 1.5–3 mm. Lemma (7.5–) 8–10.5 mm and awn 10–18 cm ................ ......................................................................................................................................................................................... S. lagascae .</p><p>- Lemma not seriated. Internodal stem pubescent totomentose. Callus 2.5–7 mm. Lemma 9–14.5 mm and awn 17–35 cm ............... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... S. letournexii .</p><p>9. Vegetative limb margin ciliated ...................................................................................................................................... S. balansae .</p><p>- Vegetative limb leaves margin scabrid to smooth ......................................................................................................................... 10.</p><p>10. Anther apex bearded, with hairs 0.17–0.2 mm .............................................................................................................................. 11.</p><p>- Anther apex smooth ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12.</p><p>11. Lemma not seriated. Glumes subequal. Ligule truncated to rounded 1.5–3(–3.5) mm long ....................................... S. trabutiana .</p><p>- Lemma seriated. Glumes unequal. Ligule acute 7–15 mm long ........................................................................................ S. offneri .</p><p>12. Lemma (11–) 12–14 mm long, with 5–7 inequal lines of hairs, two shortly or inexistent. Ligule (4–) 5–9 mm long. Awn 15–25 cm long ........................................................................................................................................................................... S. meridionalis .</p><p>-</p><p>13.</p><p>- Lemma up to 7–12 mm with 7 subequal to inequal lines of hairs. Ligule 1–5 mm long. Awn 10–26 cm long ............................ 13. Lemma 7–9.5 mm. Awn 10–18 cm ................................................................................................................................... S. bufensis . Lemma 10–12 mm. Awn 14–26 cm .................................................................................................................................... S. juncea .</p><p>I.- Stipa ser. Stipa L.</p><p>Type: Stipa pennata L. (Freitag, 1985: 437).</p><p>Awn column smooth and rest plumose with hairs&gt; 2.5 mm.</p><p>Annotations to Stipa sect. Stipa from N Africa and Iberian Peninsula</p><p>The Stipa sect. Stipa in North Africa is characterised by the scarcity of populations in the area. This group usually appears located in elevated areas above 900 m, on calcareous soils and in areas not disturbed by agriculture or livestock. In addition, they require an average rainfall of more than 600 mm per year, which further limits their presence in the area. These conditions are met in the Middle and High Atlas and in the coastal mountains of Algeria and Tunisia.</p><p>The first reports confirming the presence of this group in Africa appeared in Desfontaines (1798 –1799), who mentioned Stipa pennata L., in his Atlantic flora, confirmed by Munby (1847); later Cosson &amp; Durieu (1854 –1867) mentioned it for Batna (Algeria), as did Munby (1866), confirmed by Trabut (1884) and later by Battandier &amp; Trabut (1902) for a large part of N Africa.</p><p>However, it was not until the description of Stipa atlantica P.A. Smirn. (Smirnov, 1929), that the diversity of the group in N of Africa began to be evidenced. Later, a new taxon was discovered: Stipa dasyvaginata subsp. longiglumis H. Scholz (Scholz, 1989), related to Stipa dasyvaginata Martinovsky, was found in the Iberian Peninsula and finally described as Stipa jacobsii F.M. Vázquez from the Middle Atlas in Morocco (Vázquez &amp; Gutierrez, 2011). Prior to these contributions, the material from North Africa was commonly identified as Stipa mediterranea var. grafiana Steven (= Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch [nom. cons.] (Nobis et al., 2017b; Martinovsky, 1967; Fennane, 2014).</p><p>The integrated study of materials from the Iberian Peninsula, together with those from North Africa allows a more adequate and possibly more accurate vision of the diversity of the group in the two territories and their relationships, as already pointed out by Gonzalo (2012). The materials from these two territories (Iberian Peninsula and North Africa), have three related groups of populations that can be distinguished on the basis of the morphology of the floral parts. They also have a differentiated ecology in two areas:</p><p>1.- The populations of specimens with glumes (68–)72–95(–100) mm long and lemmas (17–)18–21(–22) mm long, with pods in the sterile leaves often scabrid and punctually pubescent, isolated in caespitose groups of up to 10 specimens, in areas of 1300–1800 m a.s.l., in stable, structured scrub, coexisting with species such as Stipa offneri Breistr. or Macrochloa tenacissima (L. ex Loefl) Kunth, and at lower elevations with Stipa filabrensis H. Scholz et al., or Stipa balansae H. Scholz at higher elevations. This taxon was first named Stipa dasyvaginata subsp. longiglumis H. Scholz (holotype B 10-0168924!) and finally Stipa almenriensis F.M. Vázquez. It has a certain ecological relationship with Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch, with which it has been confused. The distribution is in North Africa from Algeria to Morocco, and in the southern Iberian Peninsula in south-eastern Andalusia (Malaga, Granada and Almeria).</p><p>2.- There are specimens located in areas of slightly altered terrain, forming more or less wide caespitose clumps of more than 22 specimens with glumes (58–)60–68(–70) mm long and lemma 14–16(–16.5) mm long, with pods of the fertile and sterile leaves frequently pubescent and occasionally scabrid. It is named Stipa atlantica P.A. Smirn. (Smirnov, 1929), although it has often been related to Stipa iberica Martinosvky (s.l.) which it can be distinguished by lemmas not exceeding 14 mm in length and the presence of margins up to 24 cm. However, these two taxa are morphologically very close and there are some areas in their distribution where they coexist, especially in the central Iberian Peninsula. Stipa atlantica P.A. Smirn., has often been identified as Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch, from which it can be distinguished by its lower bearing in the floral and foliar characters. They also occur in ecologically distinct areas: S. atlantica ocurrs in drier thermal zones at the western end of the Mediterranean (South Central France and the E Iberian Peninsula and N of Africa (Morocco and Algeria), whereas S. pulcherrima occurs in temperate zones of the eastern half of the Mediterranean, Central Europe and SW Asia. In S. atlantica populations of medium to large size can be distinguished, with a lemma of more than 14 mm and an awn of more than 28 cm can be distinguished, corresponding to the type species ( Stipa atlantica s.s.), these are distributed in the central, eastern and south-eastern, Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. Meanwhile the French and northern Iberian populations, the lemma is less than 14 mm and the awn up to 24 cm which was named Stipa iberica Martinosvky (s.s.) (Martinovky, 1966) and earlier Stipa mediterranea (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) Asch. &amp; Graebn., (Ascherson &amp; Graebner, 1898). The first available name for the species is Stipa mediterranea (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) Asch. &amp; Graebn., (1898: 106) (≡ Stipa pennata L. var. mediterranea Trin. &amp; Rupr., (1842: 82) (Bas.) (Lectotype: LE-TRIN! (Vázquez &amp; Devesa, 1996: 140); Isolectotype: MW 0761272! (https://plant.depo. msu.ru/public/scan.jpg?pcode= MW 0761272)) (Syn.: ≡ Stipa pennata L. subsp. mediterranea (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) Brand, (1906: 2713) (Bas.); ≡ Stipa pulcherrima K.Koch subsp. mediterranea (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) O.Schwarz, (1949: 88); = Stipa iberica Martinovský, (1966: 150) (Holotype: FI 001877!); = Stipa iberica Martinovský var. pygmaea Martinovský, (1970: 74) (Holotype: MA 004963!); = Stipa iberica Martinovský var. pygmaea Martinovský, f. levis Martinovský, (1970: 74) (Holotype: LD n.v.); = Stipa iberica Martinovský subsp. pauneroana Martinovsky f. pseudodasyphylla Martinovský, (1970: 75); = Stipa pennata L. subsp. iberica (Martinovský) O.Bolós, Masalles &amp; Vigo, (1988: 96); = Stipa iberica Martinovský var. pseudodasyphylla (Martinovský) F.M.Vázquez &amp; Devesa, (1996: 141); = Stipa iberica Martinovský subsp. bolosii Romo, E.Sierra, Lluis de Torres &amp; A.Cervi, (1998: 214); = Stipa iberica Martinovský subsp. pseudodasyphylla (Martinovský) Romo, (2000: 123); = Stipa pennata L. subvar. iberica (Martinovský) O.Bolòs &amp; Vigo, (2001: 546); = Stipa pennata L. subvar. levis (Martinovský) O. Bolòs and Vigo, (2001: 546); = Stipa pennata L. subvar. pygmaea (Martinovský) O.Bolòs &amp; Vigo, (2001: 546); = Stipa pennata L. var. iberica (Martinovský) O.Bolòs &amp; Vigo, (2001: 546); = Stipa iberica Martinovský var. bolosii (Romo, Sierra, L.Torres &amp; Cervi) F.M.Vázquez &amp; M.Gut., (2011: 163); = Stipa pulcherrima auct . pl. non K.Koch, (1848: 440)), for the populations of the northern Iberian Peninsula and southern France. Representative specimens studied: FRANCE: Nice, 1887, without collector (MW 0761277). SPAIN: Barcelona: Castelgali, 19-111-1899, J. Cadevall, (BC-Cadevall); Manlleu, 14-VII-1990, F. M. Vázquez, (HSS 0056851); Huesca: Abizanda, 11- V 1-1983, G. Montserrat et al., (JACA 685583); Barbastro, 3-VI-1984, P. Montserrat, (JACA 16484); Purroy de la Solana, 10-VII-1990, F. M.Vázquez (HSS 0056874); Ronda de Isabena, 1- IX-I984, G. Montserrat, (JACAG 683/84). Lérida: Ager, 5-VI-1987, P. &amp; G. Montserrat, (JACA 505387); Conques, 11-VII-1990, F. M.Vázquez, HSS 0056856; Collado de Colmians, 11-VII-1990, F. M. Vázquez, (HSS 00124407). Guines, 17-VI-1917, E. Gros, (BC 67626); Teruel: Aguilar de Alfambra, 19-VI-1982, P. Montserrat et al., (JACA 43782).</p><p>3.- At the highest elevations, above 2000 m, where the snow remains until the months of April and May, there are specimens with short glumes, usually not exceeding 56 mm, with leaves with smooth surfaces on the abaxial side, with short margins of less than 28 cm and forming groups with (4–)5–8 caespitose specimens mixed with subalpine shrubs species Berberis hispanica Boiss. &amp; Reuter, Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk. or Juniperus communis L., always in calcareous substrates. This taxon has been given several names. First Stipa pennata, like most of the previous taxa, later Martinovsky (1967) calls it Stipa apertifolia, although the character of the short glumes had not gone unnoticed by Maire (1957), (sub. Stipa pennata subsp. mediterranea var. breviglumis Maire), later described as S. dasyvaginata Martinosvky (1970) from the Sierra Nevada (Granade, Spain) and finally S. jacobsii F.M. Vázquez (Vázquez &amp; Gutierrez, 2011) from Algeria; all are considered synonyms of the valid first name: Stipa apertifolia Martinosvky originating from the central eastern mountains of the Iberian Peninsula. It is a species distributed at high elevations (&gt; 2000 m a.s.l.) of calcareous mountains of the central and southern Iberian Peninsula and the northern Africa (Morocco and Algeria).</p><p>1. Stipa almeriensis F.M. Vázquez (2006: 78) . (Figure 20 &amp; 21 (3))</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. Almería, Minas de Almagrera, 1650 m.a.s.l., 19 June 1984, J. Guirado s.n. [holotype ALME17433! (right specimen), designated by Vázquez (2006: 78)] .</p><p>= Stipa dasyvaginata subsp. longiglumis H. Scholz (1989: 131) (holotype B 100168924!).</p><p>= Stipa apertifolia subsp. longiglumis (H. Scholz) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 323) .</p><p>= Stipa pennata subsp. mediterranea var. grafiana auct. pl. not Steven (pro. sp.) (1857: 116) &amp; Linden (1868: 283).</p><p>= Stipa pulcherrima auct . pl. not K. Koch (1848: 440).</p><p>= Stipa longiglumis H. Scholz in herb. (B100168924!) (Curator Herbarium B, 2021).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, smooth to scabrid, 35–90 cm tall; prophylls edged, with spiral turns dorsally to 12 mm striate surface, scabrid to ciliate between turns. Leaves with sheaths scabrid on the stem, scabrid at the throat especially in the vegetative leaves, free margin, scabrid; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 5–12(–14) mm long, apex acute to obtuse, membranous, scabrid; vegetative blades culms to 47 cm long, convolute, abaxially scabrid, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrid on the margin, to 3.7 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 18 cm long, convolute, abaxially scabrid to smooth, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.6 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 32 cm long, panicle oblong, falling, loose, the axis scabrid, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, scabrid to frequently pubescent, spikelet-bearing in 2/3 parts of inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 69 mm long, lineally pubescent; glumes narrow, sub-equal, (68–)72–95(–100) mm long, green when immature to pale green when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 smooth to finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, (17–)18–21(–22) mm long, seriated, with 5–7 unequal lines of hairs: the laterals greater than the rest do not reach apex, central line inequal to intermediate, short, apex truncate, ciliate, not auricles; callus sharp and slender, (4–) 5–7.5 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 15–20 mm, smooth; awn (26–)32–45(–48) cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 10 cm long, twisted, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;3.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 38 cm long, villous with ascending hairs to 5–7 mm long, angled, gradually less villous toward the tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 2–4 mm long, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex aristate the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1.8 mm long, lineal; anthers 10–15 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 12–16 mm long, pale brown (Figure 21 (a3–f3).</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering (May–)June–July.</p><p>Habitat:—Montane areas, on calcareous substrates at elev. 1000–2400 m a.s.l. Coexists in communities of mainly shrubby species such as Juniperus oxycedrus L., Juniperus phoenicea L., sub-shrubs ( Thymus algeriensis Boiss. &amp; Reuter), together with trees such as Quercus rotundifolia Lam., and mainly herbaceous species such as Ephedra major Host, Dactylis glomerata L. or Artemisia atlantica Cosson (Belkacem et al., 2021) . Ononido-Rosmarinetea. (Lavandulo lanatae-Echinospartion boissieri).</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean-Southern Occidental]. In North Africa: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 20).</p><p>2. Stipa atlantica P.A. Smirnov (1929: 270) . (Figure 20 &amp; 21 (2))</p><p>Type:— ALGERIA. Dhalga, June 1853, Munby s.n. [lectotype LE 00009266! [digital imagen], designated by Gonzalo (2012: 26)]. = Stipa iberica subsp. pauneroana Martinovský (1970: 74) (holotype MA 184491!).</p><p>= Stipa iberica subsp. austro-iberica H. Scholz (1989: 129) (holotype B 10-0202967!) .</p><p>= Stipa iberica var. austro-iberica (H. Scholz) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 142).</p><p>= Stipa pauneroana (Martinosvky) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 143) .</p><p>= Stipa pennata var. pauneroana (Martinovský) O. Bolòs &amp; Vigo (2001: 547) .</p><p>= Stipa pennata auct . not Linnaeus (1753: 78).</p><p>= Stipa pennata subsp. mediterranea var. grafiana auct. pl. not Steven (pro. sp.) (1857: 116) &amp; Linden (1868: 283).</p><p>= Stipa pulcherrima auct . pl. not K. Koch (1848: 440).</p><p>= Stipa pennata auct . pl. not Linnaeus (1753: 78).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 25–110 cm tall; prophylls not studied. Leaves with sheaths scabrid to pubescent on the stem, scabrid at the throat specially in the vegetative leaves, free margin, scabrid to ciliate; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 4–6.5 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, membranous, scabrid to pubescent, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 28 cm long, convolute, abaxially scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 3 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 15 cm long, convolute, abaxially scabrid to scabrid-pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 2.4 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 62 cm long, panicle oblong, downfall, loose, the axis scabrid, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in 2/3 parts of inflorescence. Spikelet free, gradual in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 68 mm long, lineally scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, (58–)60–68(–70) mm long, green when immature to pale green when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 14–16(–16.5) mm long, seriated, with 5–7 unequal lines of hairs: the laterals greater than the rest do reach apex and central line sub-equal to intermediate, middle, apex truncate, ciliate, not auricles; callus sharp and slender, 4.5–7(–7.5) mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 14–18 mm, smooth; awn 28–38(–40) cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 9 cm long, twisted, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;3.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 28 cm long, villous with ascending hairs to 4.5–7 mm long, angled, gradually less villous toward the tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 2–4 mm long, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex aristate the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1.8 mm long, lineal; anthers 8–14(–16) mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 10–14(–15) mm long, pale brown (Figure 21 (a2–f2).</p><p>Phenology:—June to August.</p><p>Habitat:—Mainly in open areas above 700 m a.s.l. in semi-steppe zones with snowfall in winter.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean- Occidental]. In North Africa: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 20).</p><p>3. Stipa apertifolia Martinovský (1967: 274) . (Figure 20 &amp; 21 (1))</p><p>Type: SPAIN. Cuenca, June-1898, M. Gandoger s.n [holotype PCR451501!, designated by Martinovský (1967: 274)] .</p><p>= Stipa dasyvaginata Martinovský (1970: 61) (holotype PCR219007!).</p><p>= Stipa pennata var. breviglumis Maire (1953: 71) [lectotype MPU10520!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Gutierrez (2011: 159)]. = Stipa apertifolia var. nevadensis F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 139) (holotype GDAC26143!).</p><p>= Stipa jacobsii F.M. Vázquez (2011: 159) (holotype MPU10520!).</p><p>= Stipa pennata subsp. mediterranea var. grafiana auct. pl. not Steven (pro. sp.) (1857: 116) &amp; Linden (1868: 283).</p><p>= Stipa pennata auct . pl. not Linnaeus (1753: 78).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 25–100 cm tall; prophylls not studied. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, glabrous at the throat, free margin, smooth to scabrid; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 3.5–6(–7) mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid; vegetative blades culms to 14 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 12 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.8 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 25 cm long, panicle oblong, falling, loose, the axis scabrid to glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in half the inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 47 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, (35–)45–58(–62) mm long, green when immature to pale green when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 14–16.5 mm long, seriated, with 5–7 lines of unequal hairs: the lateral longer than the rest and central line shorter, apex truncate, ciliate, not auricles; callus sharp and slender, 4–6 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 12–16 mm, smooth; awn 21–28(–30) cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 7 cm long, twisted, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;2.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 20 cm long, villous with ascending hairs to 3.5–5.5 mm long, angled, gradually less villous toward the tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–3 mm long, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex aristate the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 6–9.5 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 9–12(–13) mm long, pale brown (Figure 21 (a1–h1)).</p><p>Phenology:—June to August.</p><p>Habitat:—In calcareous areas above 2000 m a.s.l.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean mountain W]. In North Africa: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 20).</p><p>II(a). Stipa L. sect. Leiostipa Dumortier (1824: 134) .</p><p>Type: Stipa capillata Linnaeus (Dumortier, 1824) .</p><p>Awn column scabrid to plumose, with hairs to 2.3 mm long.</p><p>II(a). Stipa L. sect. Leiostipa ser. Leiostipa Dumortier (1824: 134) .</p><p>Type: Stipa capillata Linnaeus (designated here).</p><p>= Stipa L. ser. Pseudocapillatae Roshevitz (1934: 103).</p><p>= Stipa L. ser. Capillatae Roshevitz (1934: 106).</p><p>= Stipa L. sect. Stipa gr. Leiostipa (Dumort.) Freitag (1985: 456), comb. inval.</p><p>= Stipa L. sect. Leiostipa Dumort. ser. Capillatae (Roshev.) Moraldo (1986: 212) .</p><p>Lemma seriated. Awn angles scabrid with prickles up to 0.8 mm long.</p><p>4. Stipa balansae H. Scholz (1996: 226) (Figure 22 &amp; 23 (a1–g1)).</p><p>Type:— ALGERIA. Hauts plateaux près de Saida, 21-V-1852, Gallerand s. n. (Balansa, Pl.d’Algérie 261, sub Stipa lagascae) [holotype: B 100168927!; syntype 1: P 1923248! (confirm by H. Scholz 1996); syntype 2: P 1923251! (confirm by H. Scholz 1996)].</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. oropediorum Maire (1936: 266) [lectotype: MPU003659!, designated here].</p><p>= Stipa clausa auct . pl. not Trabut in Battandier. &amp; Trabut (1905: 366).</p><p>= Stipa juncea auct . pl. not Linnaeus (1753: 78).</p><p>= Stipa fontanesii auct . pl. not Parlatore (1850: 167, in obs.).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 45–130 cm tall; prophylls bifid, with two turns dorsally to 18 mm striate surface, ciliated to pubescent. Leaves with sheaths glabrous to glabrescent in sterile leaves; glabrous to glabrescent on the stem, villous at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, ciliate; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 2–4.8 mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid to smooth, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 47 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.8 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 16 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, less pubescent, adaxially villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 1.5 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 48 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescences. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower up to 24 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 28–45 mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 9–12(–14) mm long, seriated, with 7 unequal lines of hairs: the lateral more long than central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2.4–3.7 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 8–12 mm, dorsally with line of flexuous hairs to 1.1 mm; awn 14–25 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 4.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.3 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;2.2 cm), the third segment (seta) to 15 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–1.8 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–8.5 mm long, apex bearded with hairs 0.3–0.6 mm; stigma 3–4, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 7–10 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 23 (a1–h1)).</p><p>Phenology:—April to June.</p><p>Habitat:—In various habitats above 600 m a.s.l. in calcareous or basaltic substrates with rainfall below 700 mm per year in skeletal soils between rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-NW African]: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 22).</p><p>Notes: —The material selected by Trabut (1905) to name S. clausa Trab. (nomen novum), was collected by Lagasca on the Iberian Peninsula, and was previously named S. gigantea Lag. (not Stipa gigantea Hoffmman. ex Link). This species is restricted to the central Iberian Peninsula. Its close relative from North Africa, S. balansae H. Scholz, was correctly named by Scholz (1996), on the basis of material collected by Balansa in Algeria.</p><p>5. Stipa bufensis F.M. Vázquez, H. Scholz &amp; Sonnentag (1999: 30) (Figure 22 &amp; 24 (a2–f2)).</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. Murcia, Alhama de Murcia, 26 April 1990, F. M . Vázquez s.n. (holotype HSS003502!, isotypes (UNEX14303!, B100299855!).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. embergeri Maire (1936: 266) . (lectotype MPU003655!, designated here; syntypes: MPU003656!; MPU003657! P0083458! designated here).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. australis f. glabriligulata Maire (1937: 383) (lectotype MPU002735!, designated here).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, pubescent, 50–130 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 21 mm striate surface, scabrid to glabrous between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, glabrous to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 1–3.5 mm long, apex acute, truncate or obtuse, membranous, scabrid, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 52 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrid, adaxially scabrid striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 18 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.7 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed, obtuse. Inflorescence to 55 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis scabrid, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescences. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 28 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 28–45 mm long, green when immature and pale purple mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 7–9.5 mm long, seriated, with 7 lines of unequal hairs: the lateral longer than the central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 1.5–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 6–9 mm, smooth occasionally with one hair line dorsally; awn 10–18 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 3.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.6 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 14 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–8 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–9 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 24 (a2–g2)).</p><p>Phenology:—April to May (June).</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 1000 m a.s.l. on calcareous, granitic and volcanic substrates, of skeletal soils between rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean- Occidental]. In North Africa: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 22).</p><p>6. Stipa juncea Linnaeus (1753: 78) (Figure 22 &amp; 23 (a2–h2)).</p><p>Type:— SWITZERLAND-FRANCE. in Helvetia, Gallia, date unknown, collector or number (lectotype LINN 94-2!, designated by Vázquez et al. (1995: 179).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. trabutii Maire (1936: 266) (lectotype MPU010518!, designated here).</p><p>= Stipa celakovskyi Martinovský (1976: 187) (holotype PCR 324!).</p><p>= Stipa filabrensis H. Scholz, M. Sonnentag &amp; F.M. Vázquez (1999: 28) (holotype B100202028!; isotype HSS16988!).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. celakovskyi (Martinovský) O. Bolòs &amp; Vigo (2001: 544) .</p><p>= Stipa lagascae auct . pl. not Roemer &amp; Schultes (1817: 333).</p><p>Perennial. Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 70–180 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 24 mm striated surface, glabrous to ciliate between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, glabrous to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid to ciliate; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 1.5–5 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, membranous, scabrid, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 55 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrid to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 24 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid to villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2.2 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed and frequently acute, less often obtuse. Inflorescence to 52 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis scabrid to glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescences. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 27 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 30–47 mm long, green when immature and mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 10–12 mm long, seriated, with 7 unequal lines of hairs: the lateral longer than the central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2–3.7 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 9–11 mm, smooth occasionally with one hair line dorsally; awn (14–) 15–26 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs up to 0.18 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;2 cm), the third segment (seta) to 17 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2.5 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 5–9 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–9 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 23 (a2–h2).</p><p>Phenology:—April to June.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 900 m a.s.l. in degraded forests, on calcareous and basaltic substrates, on skeletal soils among rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean]. In North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 22).</p><p>7. Stipa lagascae Roemer &amp; Schultes in Linnaeus (1817: 333) (Figure 24 (a2–g2) &amp; 25).</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. Madrid, Cerro Negro, without date, Lagasca s.n. (lectotype MA185146!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 147).</p><p>≡ Stipa juncea var. lagascae (Roemer &amp; Schultes) Mutel (1837: 27) .</p><p>≡ Stipa gigantea subsp. lagascae (Roemer &amp; Schultes) Trabut in J. A. Battandier &amp; L. C. Trabut (1895: 165).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae var. eriophylla Willkomm (1861: 306) (lectotype n.v.).</p><p>= Stipa gigantea f. pubescens Hackel (1877: 119) (lectotype MA149144! designated here).</p><p>= Stipa sibthorpii Boissier &amp; Reuter in Boissier (1884: 501), pro syn..</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. pubescens (Hack.) Maire (1936: 266) .</p><p>= Stipa lagascae var. malvana Perrin de Brichambaut &amp; Sauvage (1954: 236) (holotype MPU9690!; isotypes RAB21088! and RAB21089! designated here).</p><p>= Stipa pubescens Lagasca (1816: 3), nom. illeg., not Brown, R. R. Br. (1810: 174).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, scabrid, pubescent to glabrous (less), 50–110 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 18 mm striate surface, pubescent to tomentose between turns. Leaves with sheaths pubescent on the stem, pubescent to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid to ciliate; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 1–3.5 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, membranous, scabrid to pubescent, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 50 cm long, convolute, abaxially pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 19 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 1.7 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 44 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis scabrid to villous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, slider in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 25 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 30–45 mm long, green when immature and purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, (7.5–) 8– 10.5 mm long, seriated, with 7 lines of unequal hairs: the lateral more long than central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 1.5–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 6–10 mm, smooth occasionally with one hair line dorsally; awn 10–18 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 3.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-pilose with ascending hairs to 0.7 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 14 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire 1–2 mm long, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long; anthers 4–8 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–9 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 24 (a2–g2)).</p><p>Phenology:—April to June (July).</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 400 m a.s.l., on calcareous substrates.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean- Turanian]. North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 25).</p><p>Notes:—A review of the S. lagascae Roemer &amp; Schultes is required across all of its distributional range. Specimens from North Africa show few differences with S. lagascae s.s. from the Iberian Peninsula: lemma&gt; 7.5 mm (vs &lt;7 mm), hairs are&gt; 0.5 mm (≤ 0.3 mm) on the final segment of the awn. Pending further study: we consider these differences not significant enough to warrant the recognition of two different taxa between the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb. North African plants that were named S. lagascae var. malvana Brich. &amp; Sauvage, which would be a potential name for North African populations, are not considered in this work.</p><p>8. Stipa maroccana H. Scholz (1996: 227) (Figure 25 &amp; 26).</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. Hoher Atlas, Ostteil, Adrar n’ Imeral zw, Lac de Tislit &amp; Tizi-n-Isly, 2300 m, 30 August 1992, Kreisch 920733a (holotype B10 0168923!) .</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. australis Maire (lectotype MPU003658!, designated here).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae Roemer &amp; Schultes subsp. normalis Maire in Cuénod, A. J. (1954: 79), nom. inval.</p><p>= Stipa capillata auct . pl., not Linnaeus (1762: 116).</p><p>Culm erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous, 40–75 cm tall; prophylls not studied. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliated to glabrous; ligule truncated, decurrent, to (0.5) 0.8–1.5 mm long, apex ciliated; vegetative blades culms 8–18 cm long, involute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially scabrous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.5 mm wide diameter; fertile blades culms 3–8 cm long, involute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 5.5 mm wide when extended lamina, ca. 1 mm wide when rolled, the base with a bowed-out callus on each side. Inflorescence 11–16 cm long, panicle pyramidal, falling, loose, the axis scabrous, the branches in distant verticils, slender, flexuous, more-less scabrous, smooth below, spikelet-bearing in the upper half, the lowermost ca. 3–7 cm long, the lower internode of axis as much as 8 cm long. Spikelet adpressed and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. 2 mm long, smooth to glabrescent; glumes narrow, sub-equal, (25–)28–35(–38) mm long, green to purple with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs; lemma slender, terete, (7–)8–9(–9.5) mm long, seriated, with 7 lines of hairs unequal: the central sub-equal to lateral and more long than intermediate, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 1.7–2(– 2.5) mm long, villous with adpressed hairs, the body loosely villous with some-what adpressed short hairs; palea 7–9 mm, smooth, occasionally dorsal villous, with line of flexuous hairs to 1.8 mm; awn (10–) 12–16 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 5 cm long, twisted, scabrid angles and middle slide with fine line of hairs, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter, the third segment (seta) 8–11(–12) cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid to tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 0.9–1.3 mm long, acute, 2 ribs, apex entire, the posterior to 1 mm long, acute, 1 rib, apex entire; anthers 3.5–5(–6) mm long, apex smooth; stigma 3, flexuous, ciliate. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 3–5 mm long, pale brown (Figure 26).</p><p>Phenology:—May to July.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 500 m a.s.l., with calcareous substrates.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean NW African]: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 25).</p><p>9. Stipa meridionalis F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1997: 204) . (Figure 25 &amp; 27)</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.8333333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.8333333/lat 34.783333)">Djebel Azrou Akchar</a>, 2000 m, 34°47’N 3°50’W, 11 June 1929, Font i Quer s.n. (holotype BC811174 a!) .</p><p>= Stipa juncea auct . pl. not Linnaeus (1753: 78).</p><p>= Stipa offneri auct . pl. not Breistroffer, M. A. C. (1950: 2).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 60–140 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral winds dorsally to 26 mm striate surface, scabrid to glabrous between winds. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, glabrous to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, (4–) 5–9 mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid; vegetative blades culms to 47 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrid, adaxially scabrid striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 19 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.9 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 52 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis scabrid to smooth, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, scabrid to smooth, spikelet-bearing 2/3 parts of inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 21 mm long, scabrid to smooth; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 25–45 mm long, pale green when immature and green when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, (11–) 12–14 mm long, seriated, with 3–5 lines of hairs unequal: the lateral more long than central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2–4.2 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 6–9 mm, smooth occasionally with one hairs line dorsally; awn 15–25 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.3 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;2 cm), the third segment (seta) to 15 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–3.5 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 2 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–8 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–9 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 27).</p><p>Phenology:—May to July.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 800 m a.s.l., on calcareous and basaltic substrates with annual rainfall below 800 mm and skeletal soil in rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-NW African]: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 25).</p><p>10. Stipa offneri Breistroffer (1950: 2) &amp; (1952: 237) (Figure 28 &amp; 29).</p><p>Type:— FRANCE. Marssilia, Orange, s.d., D. Robillard, s.n. (holotype LAU21929!. (herb. Gaudin-0321!)) .</p><p>= Stipa juncea auct . pl. not Linnaeus, C. (1753: 78).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 40–100 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two turns dorsally to 21 mm striate surface, glabrous between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem, glabrous at the throat, specially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 7–15 mm long, apex acute, membranous, glabrous; vegetative blades culms to 27 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrid, adaxially scabrid striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.8 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 10 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.2 mm of diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 40 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis smooth, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth, spikelet-bearing 2/3 parts of inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 20 mm long, smooth; glumes narrow, unequal, lower 14–34 mm long, upper 12–28 mm long, pale green when immature and yellow-green when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 8–12 mm long, seriated, with 5 lines of hairs unequal: the lateral more long than central line, apex truncate, scabrid; callus sharp and slender, 1.5–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 7–11 mm, smooth, apex occasionally ciliated; awn 6–15 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 3 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.2 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;1.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 12 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–3 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1.5 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–6.5 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs or with hairs to 0.2 mm; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–9 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 29).</p><p>Phenology:—April to July.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 300 m a.s.l., on calcareous skeletal soils between rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean Occidental]. In North Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Figure 28).</p><p>II(b). Stipa L. sect. Leiostipa Dumort. ser. Africanae F.M. Vázquez ser. nov.</p><p>Type: Stipa letourneuxii Trabut</p><p>Description: Culm internode pilose to tomentose, Lemma not seriated. Awn angles scabrid with prickles to 0.6 mm. Included species: S. korshinskyi Roshev., S. letourneuxii Trabut, and S. trabutiana F.M.Vázquez.</p><p>11. Stipa letourneuxii Trabut (1890: 405) (Figure 30, 31 &amp; 32 (a1–c1)).</p><p>Type:— TUNISIA. In planitie excelsa inter Khranguet Douara / “Oul Selama et” Fernana, 10 May 1887, A. Letourneux s.n. (lectotype MPU007724!, designated here; isolectotypes P2661970!, P2661977!, MPU07724!, G00080608! designated here) .</p><p>≡ Stipa lagascae subsp. letournexii (Trab.) Battandier &amp; Trabut (1895: 165) .</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, pubescent to tomentose, 70–180 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 42 mm striate surface, pubescent between turns. Leaves with sheaths pubescent to scabrid on the stem, pubescent to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid to ciliate; ligule long, lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 4–15 mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid to pubescent, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 72 cm long, convolute, abaxially pubescent, scabrid to smooth, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2.7 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 28 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially pubescent, scabrid more frequently glabrous, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2.1 mm in diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed, obtuse. Inflorescence to 68 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis scabrid to villous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 45 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 40–67 mm long, green when immature and pale purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 ribs finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 9–14.5 mm long, pubescent, unseriated, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2.5–7 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 9–12 mm, smooth to hairy dorsally; awn 17–35 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 6 cm long, twisted, smooth, scabrid to scabrid-villous with ascending hairs 0.05–0.15(–0.3)mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;3.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 25 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.5–2.5 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, posterior shorter than laterals, to 1.2 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–6.5 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigmas 3–4, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–7 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 31 &amp; 32 (a1–c1)).</p><p>Key to Stipa letourneuxii varieties</p><p>1. Awn columna angles scabrid to smooth. Lemma 9–11 mm long. Callus 2.5–3.5 mm long. .................... S. letourneuxii var. ignea .</p><p>- Awn columna angles scabrid. Lemma 11–14.5 mm long. Callus 3.9–7 mm long. ......................................................................... 2.</p><p>2. Culm basal internode hirsute to pilose. Callus 5.5–7 mm long. Awns 19–27 cm long. ....................... S. letourneuxii var. tunetana .</p><p>- Culm basal internode hirsute to tomentose. Callus 3.9–6 mm. Awns 20–35 cm long. .................. S. letourneuxii var. letourneuxii .</p><p>11a. Stipa letourneuxii var. letourneuxii Trabut (1890: 405) (Figure 30, 31 &amp; 32 (a1–c1)).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae var. pellita Trinius &amp; Ruprecht (1842: 71) (lectotype LE s.n.!, designated by Freitag (1985: 479).</p><p>= Stipa gigantea var. planifolia Trabut (1885: 395) (lectotype: MPU251190! designated here).</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. pubescens f. breviaristata Maire (1936: 266) (lectotype MPU251168!, designated here). = Stipa longipes Trab. ex Maire (1936: 266) pro syn.</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. pubescens f. puberula Maire (1937: 383) (lectotype MPU003923!, designated here).</p><p>= Stipa letournexii subsp. pellita (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) H. Scholz in Greuter &amp; Raus Th. (1998: 173).</p><p>= Stipa pellita (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) Tzvelev (1966: 19) .</p><p>= Stipa gussonei Moraldo (1986: 221) (holotype FI002940!).</p><p>= Stipa clausa f. amplifolia Trabut in herb., (MPU251190!).</p><p>Culm 80–180 cm tall, basal internode hirsute to tomentose. Leaves with ligule (5–) 7–14 mm long; vegetative blades culms to 72 cm long; fertile blades culms to 28 cm long. Inflorescence panicle to 68 cm long. Spikelet with pedicel of last flower up to 45 mm long; glumes (44–) 47–67 mm long; lemma 11–14.5 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 3.9–6 mm long; palea lineal-lanceolate 10–12 mm, smooth to hairy dorsally; awn 20–35 cm long, the first segment scabrid, ca. 6.5 cm long, the second segment like to first but shorter (&lt;3.5 cm), the third segment to 25 cm long; lodicules, the two laterals 1.8–2.5 mm long, the posterior up to 1.2 mm long; anthers 4.5–6.5 mm long. Caryopsis ca. 7 mm long (Figure 32 (a1–c1)).</p><p>Phenology:—(March) April to July (August).</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 400 m a.s.l., in calcareous in skeletal soils between rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean- S]. In North Africa: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 30).</p><p>11b. Stipa letourneuxii var. ignea (F.M. Vázquez) F.M.Vázquez stat. nov. (Figure 30 &amp; 32 (a3–c3)).</p><p>Type:— TUNISIA. Sidi Tou, National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-11.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -11.366667/lat 32.85)">Beni M’Hira</a>, near Tataouïne, 11°22′W, 32°51′N, April 1996, M . Visser s.n. (holotype HSS 11868!) .</p><p>≡ Stipa letourneuxii subsp. ignea F.M. Vázquez (2007: 443) . (Bas.)</p><p>= Stipa clausa f. lamprophylla Trabut, in herb. (MPU251195!).</p><p>Culm 70–130 cm tall, basal internode pilose to hirsute. Leaves with ligule 4–12 mm long; vegetative blades culms to 57 cm long; fertile blades culms to 17 cm long. Inflorescence panicle to 55 cm long. Spikelet with pedicel of last flower to 38 mm long; glumes 40–54 mm long; lemma 9–11 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 2.5–3.5 mm long; palea lineal-lanceolate 9–10.5 mm, smooth to hairy dorsally; awn 17–22 cm long, the first segment scabrid to smooth, ca. 5 cm long, the second segment like the first but shorter (&lt;2.5 cm), the third segment to 15 cm long; lodicules, the two laterals 1.5–2 mm long, the posterior to 1 mm long; anthers 4–5.5 mm long. Caryopsis 6–6.5 mm long (Figure 32 (a3–c3)).</p><p>Phenology:—April to June.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 400 m a.s.l., on calcareous and schistous substrates in skeletal soils between rocky outcrops..</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-NW African]: Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 30).</p><p>11c. Stipa letourneuxii var. tunetana (H. Scholz) F.M.Vázquez comb. &amp; stat. nov. (Figure 30 &amp; 32 (a2–c2)).</p><p>Type:— TUNISIA. Mezraia Djerba, vieille friche caillouteuse, 29 March 1978, C . Vanden Berghan s.n. (holotype B 100177788!) .</p><p>≡ Stipa tunetana H. Scholz (1991: 79–80) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Stipa letourneuxii subsp. tunetana (H. Scholz) H. Scholz (2006: 663) .</p><p>= Stipa lagascae subsp. normalis var. pubescens f. latifolia Maire &amp; Weiller (1939: 307) (holotype MPU005471!, designated here).</p><p>Culm 80–170 cm tall, basal internode hirsute. Leaves with ligule 6–15 mm long; vegetative blades culms to 68 cm long; fertile blades culms to 25 cm long. Inflorescence panicle to 61 cm long. Spikelet with pedicel of last flower to 45 mm long; glumes 48–65 mm long; lemma 11–13 mm long; callus sharp and slender, 5.5–7 mm long; palea lineal-lanceolate 10.5–12 mm, hairy dorsally; awn 19–27 cm long, the first segment scabrid to scabrid-villous, ca. 5.5 cm long, the second segment like the first but shorter (&lt;3 cm), the third segment to 20 cm long; lodicules, the two laterals 1.5–2.5 mm long, the posterior to 1.1 mm long; anthers 4.5–6 mm long. Caryopsis 6–6.5 mm long (Figure 32 (a2–c2)).</p><p>Phenology:—April to July.</p><p>Habitat:—In steppe areas above 300 m. a.s.l., in calcareous substrates in skeletal soils among rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-NW African]: Libya, Tunisia and Algeria (Figure 30).</p><p>12. Stipa trabutiana F.M. Vázquez sp. nov. (Figure 33 &amp; 34).</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.52027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.97116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.52027/lat 32.97116)">Maatarka</a>, (32,97116 / -2,52027), 1320 m.s.a.l., 7 May 2015, M . Chambouleyron s.n. (ECWP s.n.). Isotypes HSS82619; ECWP s.n., paratypes <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.44881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.22129" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.44881/lat 32.22129)">Mengoub</a>, (32,22129 / -2,44881), 30 March 2017, 1000 m.s.a.l., M . Chambouleyron s.n. (RAB s.n.; ECWP s.n.)</p><p>Culm erect, shortly geniculate at base, smooth to scabrid, 30–90 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 31 mm striate surface, pubescent between turns. Leaves with sheaths smooth to scabrid on the stem, smooth at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid to ciliate; ligule long, lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 1.5–3(– 3.5) mm long, apex truncated to rounded, membranous, scabrid; vegetative blades culms to 12 cm long, convolute, abaxially scabrid to smooth, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.8 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 8 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, less scabrid, adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.2 mm in diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed acute. Inflorescence to 30 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis scabrid to villous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 32 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, (26–)28–35(–38) mm long, green when immature and pale purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 7.5–9.5(–10.5) long, pubescent, unseriated, apex truncate, ciliated; callus sharp and slender, 2.5–3(–3.3) mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 7–9(–10) mm, pubescent dorsally; awn 10–17(–20) cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 4.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.2 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;2.7 cm), the third segment (seta) to 12 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid-villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1.3–2.3 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 3–3.7 mm long, apiculate apex with hairs to 0.17 mm; stigmas 3, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5.5–6.5 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 34).</p><p>Etymology:—Dedicated to the eminent French botanic Louis Charles Trabut (1853, Chambery–1929, Alger), author of the new Stipa taxa from North Africa.</p><p>Phenology:—May to June.</p><p>Habitat:—In steppe areas from 900–1500 m a.s.l., on calcareous substrates with less than 500 mm of annual rainfall, often on skeletal soil among rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-Maroccan]. Endemic to eastern Morocco (Figure 33). Expected in Algeria.</p><p>Notes:—Compared with S. trabutiana, S. letourneuxii s.l. taxa are characterised by the presence of pubescent stems in the internodes and in the reeds (vs. smooth), callus up to 7 mm long (vs. to 3.5 mm), and glabrous anthers at the apex (vs. hairy). Compared with S. offneri (also present in the area), which also has hairy anthers, S. trabutiana has rounded to truncate ligules ≤ 3.5 mm long on fertile leaves (vs. acute and&gt; 4 mm long).</p><p>This sum of characters from S. letourneuxii s.l. and S. offneri, allows us to consider a possible hybrid origin for this species. However, the rounded to truncated ligula of up to 3.5 mm is an exclusive character for this taxon, unlike the acute ligule of up to 14–15 mm in S. leourneuxii s.l. and S. offneri .</p><p>II(c). Stipa L. sect. Leiostipa Dumort. ser. Barbatae Moraldo (1986: 211) .</p><p>= Stipa L. sect. Barbatae Junge (1911: 130) .</p><p>Type — Stipa barbata Desfontaines (Tzvelev, 1974; Moraldo, 1986).</p><p>Awn plumose with hairs more than 0.8 mm.</p><p>13. Stipa barbata Desfontaines (1798: 97) (Figure 35, 36 &amp; 37)</p><p>Type:— ALGERIA. circa Mascar et Tlemsen, Desfontaines, n.n. or date (lectotype P-DESF! designated here) .</p><p>≡ Stipa barbata Desf. var. normalis Kuntze (1887: 254), nom. inval.</p><p>Perennial. Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to pubescent, 22–75 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 16 mm striate surface, glabrous to pubescent between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrous to pubescent, frequent glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliate to glabrous; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 1–5.5 mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 35 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 18 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2 mm in diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 22 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis scabrid to glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 18 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 25–46 mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 smooth to finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 7.5–12 mm long, seriated, with 7 lines of unequal hairs: the lateral longer than the central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2–3.5 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 7–10 mm, glabrous to villous line with rigid hairs to 1.2 mm; awn 10–23 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 4–5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs more than 2 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1.5–1.8 cm), the third segment (seta) to 15 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2.2 mm long, acute to obtuse, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior longer than laterals, to 2, 5 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–8 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–8 mm long, brown to pale brown.</p><p>Observations on infraspecific taxa from Asia: At the end of the nineteenth century and in the first years of the twentieth century some infraspecific taxa related to Stipa barbata Desf. were proposed, and included in the variability range of Stipa arabica Trinius &amp; Rupert (1842: 77) (Holotype: LE n.v. (Freitag, 1985: 457) Isolectotypes: G 143482!; G 149308!; K 000309385! (= Stipa barbata Desf. var. platyphylla Hack. (1903: 163); = Stipa barbata Desf. var. seminudata Hack. (1885: 8); = Stipa barbata Desf. var. szovitziana (Trinius &amp; Rupert) Hack. (1885: 8); = Stipa szovitziana Trinius ex Hoen. (1838: 243) [lectotype: LE n.v. (Freitag, 1985: 457); isotype: TUB 011708! (digital imagen!)])</p><p>Key to Stipa barbata subspecies.</p><p>1. Column awn with hairs (1.9–) 2–2.7 mm long ......................................................................................... S. barbata subsp. barbata . - Column awn with hairs 1.2–1.8 mm long .............................................................................................. S. barbata subsp. brevipila .</p><p>13a. Stipa barbata subsp. barbata Desfontaines (1798: 97) (Figure 35 &amp; 36).</p><p>= Stipa barbata var. hispanica Trinius &amp; Ruprecht (1842: 77) [lectotype LE n.v.; isotype: L0653579! (digital imagen) designated here]. = Stipa plumosa Pourret ex Willkomm in Willk. &amp; Lange (1861: 60) [lectotype COI-WILLK 00034989!, designated here].</p><p>= Stipa calatajeronensis Tineo ex Arcangeli (1882: 772) [lectotype PI n.v.; isotype LY0626254! (digital imagen) designated here].</p><p>= Stipa barbata var. calatajeronensis (Tineo ex Arcangeli) Richter (1890: 32) .</p><p>= Stipa barbata var. longiaristata Martinovský (1979: 373) (holotype: PR s.n.!, (specimen right) (Martinovský (1979: 373))</p><p>= Stipa intermedia Schtegl. ex Roshev. in B.A.Fedchenko (1916: 138) pro. syn.</p><p>= Stipa mauritiana Sennen in Herb. (MA 161903!).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to pubescent, 25–75 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 16 mm striate surface, glabrous to pubescent between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrous to pubescent, frequent glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliate to glabrous; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 2–5.5 mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 35 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.5 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 18 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2 mm in diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 22 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis scabrid to glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 18 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 28–46 mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3–5 smooth to finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 8–12 mm long, seriated, with 7 lines of unequal hairs: the lateral longer than the central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2–3.5 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 8–10 mm, glabrous to villous line with rigid hairs to 1.2 mm; awn 11–23 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs (1.9) 2–2.7 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1.8 cm), the third segment (seta) to 15 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2.2 mm long, acute to obtuse, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior longer than laterals, to 2, 5 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–8 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–8 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 36).</p><p>Phenology:—(March) April to May.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 300 m a.s.l., on calcareous and acid substrates, between rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean and Irano-Turanian]. In North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 35).</p><p>13b. Stipa barbata subsp. brevipila (Cosson &amp; Durieu) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1997: 202) (Figure 35 &amp; 37).</p><p>Type:— ALGERIA. Bord du Chott-el-Chergui, à Sidi Khalifa, 29 May 1852, Cosson s.n. (lectotype P01919866!, designated here; isolectotypes P01919865!; P01919864!; paratypes P01919853!; P01919854!; P01919855!) .</p><p>≡ Stipa barbata var. brevipila Cosson &amp; Durieu (1867: 76) . (Bas.)</p><p>= Stipa barbata auct . pl. not Desfontaines (1798: 97).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to pubescent, 22–67 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 14 mm striate surface, glabrous to pubescent between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, frequent glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliate to glabrous; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 1–4.5 mm long, apex acute, membranous, scabrid, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 14 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous or sometimes scaberulous, adaxially scabrous to villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 2.2 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 9 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, occasionally scabrous, adaxially scabrous to villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2 mm in diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 17 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis scabrid to glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescences. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 16 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 25–42 mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 smooth to finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 7.5–10 mm long, seriated, with 7 sub-equal lines of hairs: the lateral longer than the central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2.2–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 7–9 mm, glabrous; awn 10–20 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 4 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs 1.2–1.8 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 14 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 4–7.5 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 5–7 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 37).</p><p>Phenology:—April to June.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 300 m a.s.l., on calcareous and acid substrates and on skeletal soils among rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-NW African]: Algeria, Morocco (Figure 35).</p><p>Notes</p><p>The presence of Stipa arabica Trin. &amp; Rupr., in Egypt, confirmed by Ibrahim et al., 2016, is restricted to an area outside of Africa: the Sinai montains (Egypt) and the Arabian Peninsula.</p><p>Nothotaxa</p><p>1H. Stipa × alba F.M. Vázquez &amp; S. Ramos (2007: 443) pro. sp .. (Figure 38 &amp; 39)</p><p>Type:— TUNISIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.816667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.816667/lat 32.95)">Beni M’Hira</a>, near Tataouïne, 10°49′W, 32°57′N, April 1996, M . Visser s.n. (holotype HSS11867!) .</p><p>= Stipa barbata var. brevipila auct. not Cosson &amp; Durieu (1867: 76). (Parents: S. barbata × S. letourneuxii).</p><p>Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, occasionally pubescent, 45–120 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two spiral turns dorsally to 18 mm striate surface, glabrous to ciliate between turns. Leaves with sheaths glabrescent to pubescent on the stem, free margin, ciliate to glabrous; ligule lanceolate, shortly decurrent, 2–4.5 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, membranous, scabrid, ciliate margin; vegetative blades culms to 21 cm long, convolute, abaxially glabrous to pubescent, adaxially villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 3 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 12 cm long, less plane to convolute, abaxially smooth to pubescent, occasionally scabrous, adaxially villous, striated, scabrous-ciliate on the margin, to 2.5 mm in diameter, rigidly sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 37 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, lax, the axis scabrid to glabrous, alternate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth to scabrid, spikelet-bearing in all inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 18 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 27–48 mm long, green when immature to purple when mature with hyaline long-acuminate tips, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 8–12 mm long, not seriated or seriated with 7 lines of unequal hairs or partially seriated: the lateral longer than the central line, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2.2–3 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lineal-lanceolate 7–10.5 mm, glabrous; awn 15–20 cm long, persistent, bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 4 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs 0.4–0.9 (–1) mm long, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1.5 cm), the third segment (seta) to 14 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less villous toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior shorter than laterals, to 1 mm long, lineal; anthers 5–8 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 6–8 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 39).</p><p>Phenology:—May to June.</p><p>Habitat:—Coincident with Stipa letourneuxii Trab.</p><p>Distribution:—In North Africa: Tunisia, Morocco (Figure 38).</p><p>Review names:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFE9FF9E019AFDA1FEE24D27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF85FF90019AF947FEC0485C.text	B0360337FF85FF90019AF947FEC0485C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa fontanesii Parl. (Parlatore 1850	<div><p>Stipa fontanesii Parlatore (1850: 167) .</p><p>≡ Stipa holosericea subsp. fontanesii (Parl.) Tzvelev (1974: 15) .</p><p>Observations: Parlatore (1848: 167); described a new species of Stipa from Atlantic and Greece areas, based on the descriptions of Desfontaines (1798: 98) and Sibthorp &amp; Smith (1806: 67, t. 85). The materials identified as S. juncea by Desfontaines (l.c.) and Sibthorp &amp; Smith (l.c.), was clearly different from the S. juncea from Sardinia (Italy), promoting a new species that was named Stipa fontanesii Parl. (Parlatore, 1850: 167) . The material identified by Desfontaines as Stipa juncea L. from North Africa, were preserved in Paris in his personal herbarium (P-DESF!). This material corresponds to Stipa offneri Breistr., a taxon traditionally confused as S. juncea L., by numerous European authors (Gouan, 1765; Gaudin, 1828; Loiseleur, 1828) until in the middle of the last century, when Breistroffer (1950) solved the problem by describing a new taxon named S. offneri Breitr. (sub nom. nov.), based on material identified as S. juncea L., by European authors such as Gaudin, 1828 or Parlatore, 1850.</p><p>These data show that the S. juncea of Parlatore is different from Stipa juncea L., and was also the same Stipa species found by Desfontaines in the North Africa. However, Parlatore also included S. juncea by Sibthorp &amp; Smithp, from Greece, which corresponds to Stipa holosericea Trin. (Lectotype: LE n.v. (Freitag, 1985)) (Strid &amp; Strid, 2009). Traditionally, later authors have tended to synonymise S. fontanesii Parl. with S. holosericea Trin. (Freitag, 1985; Scholz, 1985; 1996; Danin, 2004; Strid &amp; Strid, 2009). However, Parlatore (1850), included two different species within the description of S. fontanesii Parl., based exclusively on the illustrations accompanying the works of Desfontaines (1798: t. 28, N Africa) and Sibthorp &amp; Smith (1806: t. 85, Greece), which were identified as S. juncea or S. fontanesii Parl., since no material of either origin was avalaible in the FI herbarium before 1850. There is a certain similarity between the two illustrations, which may have contributed to the confusion in Parlatore (1850: 167). Given with this situation and benefiting from the nomenclatural stability and habitual use (Art. 9; Recommendation 9A.4 of the Code (Turland et al., 2018)) of the name S. fontanesii Parl., the illustration in the Flora Graecca by Sibthorp &amp; Smith (1806: t. 85) is selected as the lectotype, assigning S. fontanesii Parl. as a synonym of S. holosericea Trin.,and the type of Stipa fontanesii Parlatore (1850: 167) (lectotype: Tabula 85! (Sibthorp &amp; Smith, 1806: tab. 85), designated here). The name S. fontanesii Parl., (= Stipa holosericea Trinius (1830: 81) [lectotype LE n.v. (Freitag (1985: 476)] = S. kotschyana Hochst. ex Griseb in Ledebour. (1852: 448) pro. syn.) will be excluded from the flora of North Africa.</p><p>The traditional treatment has been to treat S. fontanesii to S. holosericea as independent taxa. However, several authors such as Davis (1985), Danin (2004), and Takhtajan (2006) have proposed that S. fontanesii is synonymous with S. holosericea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF85FF90019AF947FEC0485C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF8BFF8A019AFC99FADE4363.text	B0360337FF8BFF8A019AFC99FADE4363.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipellula Roser & Hamasha 2012	<div><p>Stipellula Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 91) .</p><p>Type: Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 91)</p><p>= Stipa L. ser. Tortiles Roshevitz in Komarov (1934: 102).</p><p>= Stipa L. Sect. Stipella Tzvelev (1974: 15) .</p><p>≡ Stipella (Tzvelev) Röser &amp; H.R. Hamasha (2012: 365) &amp; Tzvelev (2012: 22), nom. illeg., not Léger, L. &amp; Gauthier, M. (1932: 2263).</p><p>Key to Stipellula species.</p><p>1. Annual plants ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.</p><p>- Perennial plants ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3.</p><p>2. Awn persistent. Caducous fruits ...................................................................................................................................... S. capensis .</p><p>- Awn caducous. Persistent fruits in the inflorescence ................................................................................................ S. magrebensis .</p><p>3. Rigid and smooth leaves. Glumes sub-equal. Anther apex without hairs ........................................................................... S. nitens .</p><p>- Flexuous and seriated rib leaves. Glumes unequal. Anther apex with hairs ................................................................................... 4.</p><p>4. Ligule and sheet margin smooth. Awn hairs 0.3–0.5 mm in column. Flowering September to January ............................................ ........................................................................................................................................................... S. tibestica (Chad extralimital).</p><p>- Ligule and sheet margin scabrid to ciliated. Awn hairs 0.1–0.2 mm in column. Flowering March to July (October) ........................ ....................................................................................................................................................................................... S. parviflora .</p><p>1.- Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 92) (Figure 40 &amp; 41).</p><p>Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Promontorio Bonae Spei Africes, Thunberg 2560, n.d. (lectotype UPS-THUNBERG 2560!, designated by Freitag (1985: 416).</p><p>≡ Stipa capensis Thunb. (1794: 19) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Stipella capensis (Thunb.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 365) &amp; Tzvelev (2012: 23).</p><p>Annual. Culm erect geniculate at base, glabrous to pubescent, 15–95 cm tall; prophylls edged, lacking one turn dorsally to 18 mm striate surface, the other turn ciliated with smooth apical margins. Leaves with sheaths glabrous or pubescent on the stem, pubescent to scabrid at the throat, specially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid, ciliated; ligule truncate apex fimbriated, partially decurrent, 0.2–0.8 mm long, membranous, pubescent to scabrid, laterally ciliated; vegetative blades culms to 22 cm long, convolute, plane to involute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 2 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 14 cm long, plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 1.1 mm in diameter, flexuous pointed acute. Inflorescence to 24 cm long, panicle lanceolate, dense, the axis smooth to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, erect, not flexuous, smooth, spikelet-bearing all of inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 9 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 12–20 mm long, with hyaline long-acuminate tips, pale green when immature and green to pale purple when mature, 3 smooth to finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 4–9 mm long, homogenously pubescent upper and sub-seriated lower, with 5 non-defined lines of hairs, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 2–4.5 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs dorsally and ventrally, laterally smooth; palea lanceolate 1– 3 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; awn 4–16 cm long, persistent, frequently bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.4 mm long and scabrid between angles, the second segment (genicula) like the first but shorter (&lt;1 cm), the third segment (seta) to 12 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, sub-equal, the two laterals 0.8–2.1 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior to 2 mm long, lanceolate; anthers 3–5 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 3–7 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 41).</p><p>Key to Stipellula capensis varieties.</p><p>2.</p><p>- Plants with sheaths and blades of vegetative leaves pubescent to scabrid-pubescent ............................. S. capensis var. pubescens . Plants with sheaths and blades of vegetative leaves glabrous to scabrid .................................................. S. capensis var. capensis .</p><p>1a. Stipellula capensis var. capensis (Thunb.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 92) (Figure 40 &amp; 41).</p><p>= Stipa retorta Cavanilles (1795-97, 1: 119, 2: 325) (lectotype MA 476394!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 157).</p><p>= Stipa tortilis Desfontaines (1798: 99) (lectotype P-DESF!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 157); Isotype MPU024685! designated here).</p><p>= Stipa humilis Brotero (1804: 86) (lectotype destroyed (conf. in LISU and COI)).</p><p>= Stipa seminuda Vahl ex Hornemann (1813: 76), nom. superfl.</p><p>= Stipa liwinowii Roshevitz (1932: 74), pro. syn.</p><p>= Stipa capensis var. tortilis (Desf.) Breistroffer (1950: 2) .</p><p>Abaxial surface in fertile and sterile leaves glabrous to scabrid in the ribs (Figure 41).</p><p>Phenology:—January to June.</p><p>Habitat:—Ruderal areas and open tracks in steppe zones from sea level to 2000 m a.s.l, in skeletal and nitraterich soils.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean (included S-Africa) and Irano-Turanian]. In North Africa: Egypt, Lybia, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania (Figure 40).</p><p>1b. Stipellula capensis var. pubescens (Ball) F.M. Vázquez (2013: 83) (Figure 40 &amp; 41).</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. Sektana, n.d., Ball (lectotype BM n.v.) .</p><p>≡ Stipa tortilis var. pubescens Ball (1878: 711) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Stipa capensis var. pubescens (Ball) Breistroffer (1950: 2) .</p><p>= Stipa tortilis var. pilosa Trabut (1885: 395) (lectotype n.v.).</p><p>Abaxial surface in fertile and sterile leaves pubescent to tomentose (Figure 41 e’).</p><p>Phenology:—January to June.</p><p>Habitat:—Ruderal areas and open tracks in steppe zones from sea level to 2200 m a.s.l, in skeletal and nitraterich soils.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean and Irano-Turanian]. In North Africa: Lybia, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) (Figure 40). Expected in Egypt.</p><p>2. Stipellula magrebensis (F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa) F.M. Vázquez (2013: 83) (Figure 42 &amp; 43).</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.9833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.9833336/lat 30.933332)">Ouarzazate</a>, pr. oppidulum Tifoultout, 30º56’N / 6º59’W, 1240 m, in clivosis siccis ad viam / 9657, 31 May 1985, C. Blanché, J. Fernandez Casa, J. Molero, J. M. Montserrat &amp; A. Romo (holotype BC813670 a!) .</p><p>≡ Stipa magrebensis F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1997: 206) (Bas.).</p><p>Annual. Culm erect geniculate at base, glabrous to pubescent, 8–35 cm tall; prophylls edged, with one turn dorsally to 16 mm striate surface, ciliated turn and apical margins, smooth. Leaves with sheaths glabrous or pubescent on the stem, pubescent to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid, ciliated; ligule truncate apex fimbriated, partially decurrent, 0.2–1 mm long, membranous, pubescent to scabrid, laterally ciliated; vegetative blades culms to 18 cm long, convolute, plane to involute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 1.8 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 11 cm long, plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 1 mm in diameter, flexuous pointed acute. Inflorescence to 20 cm long, panicle lanceolate, dense, the axis smooth to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, erect, not flexuous, smooth, spikelet-bearing all of inflorescence. Spikelet free, slider in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 8 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 14–25 mm long, with hyaline long-acuminate tips, pale green when immature and green to pale purple when mature, 1–3 ribs finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 2.5–6.5 mm long, homogenously pubescent, apex truncate, ciliate; callus slender and sharp, 1.5–4.5 mm long, homogenously villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 1–3 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; awn 5–17 cm long, deciduous, frequently bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2.5 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 0.3 mm long and scabrid between angles, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;1 cm), the third segment (seta) to 12 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, sub-equal, the two laterals 0.8–2 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior to 2 mm long, lanceolate; anthers 3–5 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 2.5–5 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 43).</p><p>Phenology:—March to May (June)</p><p>Habitat:—In arid zones from sea level to medium elevation (&lt;1300 m a.s.l.) on sandy and poor soils.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean- N African]: Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 42). Expected in Libya.</p><p>3. Stipellula nitens (Ball) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 91) (Figure 42 &amp; 44).</p><p>Type:— MOROCCO. in regione subalpine Atlantis Majoris in covalle Ait Mesan supra Around circa 2200 m, 13. V.18371, J. Ball + s.n.</p><p>[ lectotype BM000922704! (central specimen), designated here, isolectotype P01919517! designated here; Syntype: G6932-303!,</p><p>designated here]. ≡ Stipa nitens (Ball) Ball (1878: 712) . (Bas.) ≡ Stipella nitens (Ball) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 365) . ≡ Stipa tortilis subsp. nitens Ball (1875: 206) .</p><p>Perennial. Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to pubescent, 35–95 cm tall; prophylls edged, with two turns dorsally to 22 mm striate surface, turn and apical margins smooth. Leaves with sheaths glabrous, scabrid to pubescent on the stem, pubescent to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid, ciliated; ligule truncate apex fimbriated, partially decurrent, 0.5–1.8 mm long, not membranous, pubescent to scabrid, laterally ciliated; vegetative blades culms to 31 cm long, rigid, convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous on the margin, to 1.5 mm in diameter; fertile blades culms to 14 cm long, convolute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 1 mm in diameter, rigid pointed acute. Inflorescence to 35 cm long, panicle lanceolate, lax to congest, the axis smooth to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, erect, sub-flexuous, smooth, spikelet-bearing in all of inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 12 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 11–28 mm long, with hyaline long-acuminate tips, pale green when immature and green when mature, 1–3 ribs finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 3.5–7 mm long, homogenously pubescent, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 1–2 mm long, homogenously villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 1–3 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; awn 5–12 cm long, persistent, frequently bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 3 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs to 2.5 mm long and scabrid between angles, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;1 cm), the third segment (seta) to 8 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, sub-equal, the two laterals 0.8–1.8 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire truncated, the posterior to 1.8 mm long, lineal; anthers 3–5 mm long, apiculate apex without hairs; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 3–5 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 44).</p><p>Phenology:—May to July.</p><p>Habitat:—In rocky areas above 1500 m a.s.l., in zones with winter snowfall.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Stenomediterranean-Moroccan]. Endemic to the High Atlas (Morocco) (Figure 42).</p><p>4. Stipellula parviflora (Desf.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 92) (Figure 45 &amp; 46).</p><p>Type:—COUNTRY. in collibus aridis prope Mascar et in regno Tunetano, Desfontaines, s.d. or number [lectotype P-DESF!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 154); Isolectotype 1: MA 5100!; Isolectotype 2: MA 8100!; Isolectotype 3: MAF-POURRET 375!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 154)].</p><p>≡ Stipa parviflora Desfontaines (1798: 98) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Stipella parviflora (Desf.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 365), nom. illeg.</p><p>≡ Achnatherum parviflorum (Desf.) M. Nobis (2020: 39) .</p><p>Perennial. Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous to scabrid, 45–130 cm tall; prophylls edged, without two turns dorsally to 24 mm striate surface, pubescent inter ribs. Leaves with sheaths glabrous or pubescent on the stem, pubescent to scabrid at the throat, especially on the innovations, free margin, scabrid, ciliated; ligule truncate to lacerate apex, not decurrent, 0.5–1.5 mm long, membranous, pubescent to scabrid, laterally ciliated; vegetative blades culms to 34 cm long, convolute, plane to involute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 2 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 22 cm long, plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially scabrid-villous, striated, scabrous-ciliated on the margin, to 1.2 mm of diameter, flexuous, sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 55 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis smooth to scabrid, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, slender, flexuous, smooth, spikelet-bearing in all of inflorescence. Spikelet free, progressive in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 35 mm long, smooth to scabrid; glumes narrow, unequal, lower 4–10 mm long, truncate to acute apex, upper 10–18 mm long, with hyaline long-acuminate tips, green when immature and purple when mature, 3 smooth to finely scabrid ribs; lemma slender, fusiform, 3.5–7 mm long, homogenously pubescent, apex truncate, ciliate; callus slender and sharp, 0.8–1.8 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 1.5–3 mm, frequent with line of hairs dorsally, apex acute; awn 7– 15 cm long, persistent, frequently bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 2 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;1 cm), the third segment (seta) up to 10 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less scabrid toward the scabrous tip; lodicules 3, sub-equal, the two laterals 0.5–1.8 mm long, acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior to 1.5 mm long, lanceolate; anthers 2–3.7 mm long, apiculate apex with hairs to 0.3 mm; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 2.5–5 mm long, brown to dark brown (Figure 46).</p><p>Phenology:—(March) April to July.</p><p>Key to Stipellula parviflora varieties.</p><p>1. Apex lemma prolonged margins in two dents 0.25–0.4 mm long. Dorsal apex lemma very scabrid to pubescent. Awn column densely pilose in low ......................................................................................................................... S. parviflora var. hoggarensis .</p><p>- Apex lemma truncate, not extended margins or extended margins in two dents 0.08–0.15 mm long. Dorsal apex lemma scabrid. Awn column scabrid to poorly pilose .............................................................................................................................................. 2.</p><p>2. Lemma 6.5–7(–8) mm long. Awn 10–15(–17) cm long ....................................................................... S. parviflora var. sandwithii .</p><p>- Lemma 3.5–6.5 mm long. Awn 7–11.5 cm long .............................................................................................................................. 3.</p><p>3. Abaxially sheaths and blades of the fertile leaves glabrous ................................................................. S. parviflora var. parviflora .</p><p>- Abaxially sheaths and blades of the fertile leaves pubescent to scabrid-pubescent .................................... S. parviflora var. pilosa .</p><p>3a. Stipellula parviflora var. parviflora (Desf.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (2012: 92) (Figure 45 &amp; 46 (a–g)).</p><p>= Stipa parviflora var. contorta Lange (1860: 36) (lectotype n.v., isolectotype MA149135!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996:</p><p>154). = Stipa ilorcitana Sennen (1932: 106) (lectotype BC-SENNEN!, designated by Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 154–155). = Stipa parviflora var. ilorcitana (Sennen) Sennen (1932: 119) . = Stipa parviflora subsp. sinaica Chrtek &amp; Martinovský (1969: 397) (holotype CAI n. v.,; paratypes K000587467!; K000587468!;</p><p>G00784251!; &amp; MPU n.n.!, designated here). = Stipa parviflora subsp. contorta (Lange) Malagarriga (1973: 27) . = Stipa schimperi C.Presl ex Chrtek &amp; Martinovsky (1969: 397) pro. syn. = Stipa gigantea auct . not Lagasca (1816: 3).</p><p>Abaxial surface leaves glabrous. Lemma to 6.5 mm long; apex entire or with dents to 0.15 mm. Awn to 11.5 cm long, base scabrid to pubescent with hairs to 0.5 mm (Figure 46 (a–g)).</p><p>Habitat:—In areas and tracks above 200 m a.s.l., on calcareous, granitic, schistose substrates and rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean]. In North Africa: Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 46).</p><p>3b. Stipellula parviflora var. sandwithii (Chrtek &amp; Martinovský) F.M. Vázquez comb. et stat. nov. (Figure 45).</p><p>Type:— LIBYA. Cyrenaica, desert north of Agedabia, towards Zuetina, 31 March 1939, N. Y . Sandwith 2199 [holotype K000345332!] .</p><p>≡ Stipa parviflora subsp. sandwithii Chrtek &amp; Martinovský (1969: 397) . (Bas.)</p><p>= Stipa parviflora subsp. parviflora var. mareotica Chrtek &amp; Martinovský (1969: 398) (holotype CAI n.v.).</p><p>Abaxial surface leaves glabrous. Lemma 6–7.5(–8) mm long; apex entire or with dents 0.1–0.15 mm. Awn to 17 cm long, base scabrid to pubescent with hairs to 0.6 mm.</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 200 m a.s.l., on calcareous or schistous substrates and rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean N Africa]. In North Africa: Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 45).</p><p>3c. Stipellula parviflora var. pilosa (Chrtek &amp; Martinovský) F.M.Vázquez comb. nov. (Fig. 45 &amp; 46 e’).</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. Porta et Rigo Iter II Hispanicum nº 38 et 334, prov. Almeria, incollibus aridis apricis et Murcia in collibus circa Lorca, sol. Schistaceo, 200–300 m, April–May 1899, Porta &amp; Rigo (holotype PRC 345 n. v.).</p><p>≡ Stipa parviflora f. pilosa Chterk &amp; Martinovský (1969: 398) . (Bas.)</p><p>≡ Stipa parviflora subsp. parviflora var. pilosa (Chrtek &amp; Martinovský) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (1996: 155) .</p><p>Abaxial surface leaves pubescent. Lemma to 6 mm long; apex entire or with dents 0.08–0.15 mm. Awn to 11 cm long, base scabrid to pubescent with hairs to 0.6 mm (Figure 46 e’).</p><p>Habitat:—In areas above 200 m. a.s.l., in calcareous, schistous or gypsous substrates and rocky outcrops.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean]. In North Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia (Figure 45).</p><p>3d. Stipellula parviflora var. hoggarensis (Chrtek &amp; Martinovský) F.M. Vázquez comb. et stat. nov. (Figure 45).</p><p>Type:— ALGERIA. Sahara, 53 miles E. O . Tamanreasset, Hoggar Mtns., 8000–9000 ft., 13 February 1952, A. Z . Kyrle HO619-68 [holotype K000345334!] .</p><p>≡ Stipa hoggarensis Chrtek &amp; Martinovský (1969: 396) . (Bas.)</p><p>= Stipa parviflora auct . non Desfontaines (1798: 98).</p><p>Abaxial surface leaves glabrous. Lemma to 6 mm long; apex with two appendices 0.25–0.4 mm, scabrid. Awn to 10.5 cm long, base scabrid to pubescent with hairs to 1.2 mm long.</p><p>Habitat:—Zones in the Sahara Desert.</p><p>Distribution:—[Endemic Saharan]: Algeria, Tunisia (Figure 45).</p><p>Additional taxa from external area (CHAD)</p><p>5. Stipellula tibestica (Maire) F.M. Vázquez comb. nov. (Figure 42).</p><p>Type:— CHAD. Tibesti, 12 February 1940, Monod T. 7807 [holotype AIX021045! (digital image)] .</p><p>≡ Stipa tibestica Maire (1943: 140) . (Bas.)</p><p>Perennial. Culm erect not geniculate at base, glabrous, 35–65 cm tall; prophylls edged, without two turns dorsally to 20 mm striate surface, pubescent inter ribs. Leaves with sheaths glabrous on the stem and at the throat, free margin, smooth; ligule truncate to lacerate apex, not decurrent, 0.4–1.2 mm long, membranous, smooth not ciliated; vegetative blades culms to 22 cm long, convolute, plane to involute, abaxially smooth, adaxially scabrid to pubescent striated, scabrous to smooth on the margin, to 2 mm of diameter; fertile blades culms to 16 cm long, plane to convolute, abaxially smooth, scabrid to pubescent, adaxially, smooth on the margin, to 1.3 mm of diameter, flexuous sharp-pointed obtuse. Inflorescence to 30 cm long, panicle lanceolate, falling, loose, the axis scabrid to pilose, alternate to sub-verticillate branches, slender, sub-flexuous, scabrid to pilose, spikelet-bearing in all of inflorescence. Spikelet free, slider in flowering, the lateral pedicel of last flower to 22 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, unequal, lower 5–7 mm long, truncate to acute apex, upper 10–13 mm long, with short ariste to 2.5 mm, green when immature and light green to light brown when mature, 3 ribs smooth to finely scabrid; lemma slender, fusiform, 3.5–5(–5.5) mm long, homogenously pubescent, apex truncate, ciliate; callus sharp and slender, 0.7–1 mm long, villous with adpressed white hairs; palea lanceolate 1.2–2.5 mm, frequent with line hairs dorsally, apex acute; awn 5–7(–8) cm long, persistent, frequently bigeniculate, the first segment (column) ca. 1.7 cm long, twisted, scabrid-villous with ascending hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long, the second segment (genicula) like to first but shorter (&lt;1 cm), the third segment (seta) to 6 cm long, flexuous, angled, gradually less pilose to scabrid; lodicules 3, sub-equal, the two laterals acute, lanceolate, 1 rib, apex entire, the posterior lanceolate; anthers 2.4–3.5 mm long, apiculate apex with hairs to 0.2 mm; stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis not studied.</p><p>Phenology:—Autumn to winter (September to February)</p><p>Habitat:—Arid zones in the Tibesti mountains.</p><p>Distribution:—[Saharan]. Endemic to the Emi Koussi (Chad) (Figure 42).</p><p>Poaceae subfam. Pooideae tribe Ampelodesmeae Tutin (1978: 369) .</p><p>= Gramineae Juss. subtrib. Ampelodesminae Conert (1961: 145).</p><p>Ampelodesmeae is a monogeneric tribe whose sole genus is Ampelodesmos Link, distributed in the Mediterranean basin.</p><p>The genus Ampelodesmos is related to Stipeae, because its origin probably results from hybridation between unknown Stipeae species or between Stipeae and Phaenospermateae (Soreng et al., 2017; Romaschenko et al., 2012). Its position remains controversy (Kellog, 2015), either included inner Stipeae, or outside Stipeae (Romaschenko et al., 2012; 2014; Soreng et al., 2015; 2017). The latest proposal is to include both Ampelodesmeae and Stipeae inner the supertribe Stipodea L.Liu (Soreng et al., 2017) . For these reasons, we have included Ampelodesmos in our work.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF8BFF8A019AFC99FADE4363	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF96FF8C019AFF4DFE844D07.text	B0360337FF96FF8C019AFF4DFE844D07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampelodesmos Link 1827	<div><p>Ampelodesmos Link (1827: 136) .</p><p>1. Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand &amp; Schinz (1894: 874) . (Figure 47 &amp; 48).</p><p>Type:— NORTH AFRICA. Barbarie, collines sablonneuses (lectotype P02646153!, designated here); isolectotypes P02646077! Central branch of panicle spikelet from Poiret Herb .), P02646151! (left specimen) .</p><p>≡ Arundo mauritanica Poir. (1789: 104) .</p><p>≡ Arundo pliniana var. mauritanica (Poir.) Parlatore (1848: 219) .</p><p>= Arundo bicolor Poir. (1789: 104) (lectotype P02646152!, designated here)</p><p>= Arundo bicolor Desf. (1798: 107), nom. illeg., non Poiret (1798: 107)</p><p>= Arundo tenax Vahl (1791: 25) [holotype: C10001129! (digital imagen), designated here].</p><p>= Arundo biflora Lam. (1791: 196) [lectotype P n.v.].</p><p>= Calamagrostis bicolor (Poir.) J.F. Gmelin (1791: 172) .</p><p>= Arundo ampelodesmos Cirillo (1792: 30) (lectotype n.v.).</p><p>= Deyeuxia arundinacea P. Beauvois (1812: 160) pro. syn.</p><p>= Donax bicolor (Poir.) P. Beauvois (1812: 78) .</p><p>= Donax festucoides (Desf.) P. Beauvois (1812: 78) .</p><p>= Donax mauritanicus (Poir.) P. Beauvois (1812: 78) .</p><p>= Donax tenax (Vahl) P. Beauvois (1812: 78) .</p><p>= Donax ampelodesmos (Cirillo) Trinius (1820: 156) .</p><p>= Avena festucoides (Desf.) Raspail (1825: 439) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos tenax (Vahl) Link (1827: 136) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos australis Brongniart ex Duperrey (1829: 31) [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Ampelodesmos bicolor (Poir.) Kunth (1829: 79) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos effusus Steudel (1854: 195) [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Ampelodesmos festucoides Steudel (1854: 195) pro. syn..</p><p>= Ampelodesmos tenax var. microstachys Trabut (1885: 396) (lectotype MPU045336!, designated here).</p><p>= Ampelodesmos tenax var. squarrosus Cosson &amp; Durand (1855: 127) [lectotype P n.v.].</p><p>= Ampelodesmos effusum Steudel (1854: 195) [lectotype n.v.]..</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanica var. effusus (Steud.) T. Durand &amp; Schinz (1894: 874) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanica var. squarrosa (Coss. &amp; Durand) T. Durand &amp; Schinz (1894: 874) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanica var. bicolor (Poir.) T. Durand &amp; Schinz (1895: 874) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos tenax var. bicolor (Poir.) Fiori (1896: 66) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos bicolor (Poir.) Brand, in Koch (1907: 2721).</p><p>= Ampelodesmos tenax var. concolor Gussone ex Lojacono (1909: 282) [lectotype n.v.].</p><p>= Ampelodesmos bicolor (Poir.) Lojacono (1909: 282) .</p><p>= Ampelodonax bicolor (Poir.) Lojacono (1909: 282) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanicus var. bicolor (Poir.) Fiori (1923: 101) .</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanicus f. parviflorus Pau (1924: 396 (134)) [lectotype MA n.v.].</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanicus f. grandiflorus Pau. 1924: 396 (134)) [lectotype MA n.v.].</p><p>= Ampelodesmos mauritanicus var. parviflorus (Pau) Font Quer (1928: nº 24)</p><p>= Ampelodesmos ampelodesmon (Cirillo) Kerguélen (1976: 319) nom. inval.</p><p>≡ Stipa mauritanica (Poir.) Columbus &amp; J.P.Sm. (2010: 67) .</p><p>= Donax ampelodesmos Roemer &amp; Schultes (1824: 335), prop. syn.</p><p>= Festuca elatior Ucria (1789: 80), nom. illeg. not Linnaeus (1753: 75).</p><p>Perennial. Culm erect, glabrous to scabrid, (75–)90–210(–265) cm tall; prophylls to 31 mm, acute, striate surface, pubescent to tomentose. Leaves with glabrous sheaths, or the lower less pubescent, at the throat, especially on the innovations, nearly glabrous on the stem, free margin, ciliated; ligule acute, decurrent, 6–12(18) mm long, ciliated; vegetative blades culms (18–)25–78(–90) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 8 mm wide extended lamina, fertile blades culms 14–55(–75) cm long, plane to involute, abaxially and adaxially scabrid, striated, scabrous on the margin, to 6 mm wide extended lamina, ca. 3.5 mm wide when rolled, rigidly sharp-pointed. Inflorescence 18–45(–57) cm long, panicle lanceolate to ovate-oblong, falling, loose, the axis pubescent, the branches in distant verticils, slender, flexuous, scabrid, spikelet-bearing in the upper half, the lowermost ca. 2.5(–8) cm long, the lower internode of axis as much as 4.5 cm long. Spikelet in groups 2–4 fertile and one apical sterile, adpressed and somewhat crowded along the branches, the lateral pedicel ca. 7 mm long, scabrid; glumes narrow, sub-equal, 7–12(–14) mm long, purple with hyaline aristate tips, 3–5 ribs; lemma slender, 7–10(–12) mm long, not seriated, pubescent in half below, scabrid in the middle rib, with 5–7 ribs, apex dentate, acute, mucronate to short arista 0.8–2(–2.5) mm long, scabrid; callus absent; palea 6.5–11 mm, apex dentate, scabrid; lodicules 3, unequal, the two laterals 1–2 mm long, acute, 2 ribs, apex entire, the posterior 0.7–1 mm long, acute, 1 rib, apex entire; anthers 4.5–7 mm long, apex smooth; stigma 3, flexuous, ciliate. Caryopsis terete, fusiform, 4–6 mm long, brown to pale brown (Figure 48).</p><p>Phenology:—April to July (August).</p><p>Habitat:—Open areas with calcareous, schistose substrates, below 1800 m a.s.l., often in dry areas.</p><p>Distribution:—[Stenomediterranean]. In North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (Figure 47). The presence of this species in Libya needs to be confirmed (Maire, 1953: 224).</p><p>Notes:—The number of flowers per spikelet(1–2), the agglomeration and final development of the spikelet, and the the colour variations of the glumes (green to violet), have favoured the description of numerous infraspecific taxa. These variations (some of them observed within the same plant), are part of the individual variation and have no taxonomic significance. We have also observed some specimens from the Middle Atlas (Morocco) with glabrous lemmas on the back (ECWP s.n.; RAB 108099), other specimens from Meknes (Morocco) with pendulous spikelets (RAB 22609), which are also considered variations range here.</p><p>SEM results</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF96FF8C019AFF4DFE844D07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF97FF8F019AF960FBAD4CE8.text	B0360337FF97FF8F019AF960FBAD4CE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achnatherum bromoides	<div><p>Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P. Beauv. (Figure 49 (1).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by quadrangular long cells of (4–)6–12(–14) × (9–)12–18(–21) µm, smooth walls up to 1 µm thick, and similar to short cells, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (8–)10–21(–24) × (9–)11–20(–22) µm, circular to ovoid, linear distribution, frequently solitary, occasionally with cork cells, high density 20–35(–38) silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells fusiform 2–5 × 10–16(–18) µm, forming pairs with silica cells, sporadic. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles circular to obovate base 14–24(–26) × (12–)14–22(–26) µm and up to 45 µm long, density &lt;1 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 110–280(–350) µm long, circular to obovate base (8–)10–20(–22) × 9–19(–21) µm, irregularly distributed.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area but longer, up to 70 µm long. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, distribution, and morphology to dorsal area cells, but low density, up to 10–16(–18) silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, distribution and morphology to dorsal area cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks with circular base 16–20(–22) × 5–7 µm high, rare, solitary, density &lt;1 hook/ 100 µm 2, distributed at distal part of apex; Prickles of equal morphology but longer, up to 65 µm, and denser, 18–24(–28) prickles/ 100 µm 2, distributed across lemma apical surface; Macro-hairs with circular to ovoid base 22–28(–31) × 19–26(–29) µm and up to 140 µm long, located at middle and distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Ifrane, Zoauia, 1200 m.a.s.l., 30-V-2022, M. Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Route entre Azrou et ain Lenh, 19-VIII-2007, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 192)) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF97FF8F019AF960FBAD4CE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9AFF81019AFC66FF144C4D.text	B0360337FF9AFF81019AFC66FF144C4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achnatherum calamagrostis subsp. calamagrostis	<div><p>Achnatherum calamagrostis subsp. calamagrostis (L.) P. Beauv. (Figure 50 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (14–)18–30(–38) × (9–)10–14(–16) µm, undulated to thin, smooth walls up to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (8–)10–18(–22) × (9–)11–19(–22) µm, circular to ovoid, of linear distribution, frequently solitary, occasionally with cork cells, high density 19–28(–32) silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells fusiform, sub-quadrangular to reniform (4–)5–9 × 9–18(–20) µm, in pairs or threes with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles circular to obovate base 16–25(–28) × (12–)15–24(–26) µm and up to 55 µm long, density &lt;1 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 550–800(–950) µm long, circular to obovate base (10–)12–20(–24) × 11–19(–22) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, with undulated to sinuous walls up to 3 µm thick and longer, up to 65 µm long. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, distribution and morphology, but low density 18–24(–27) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, distribution, morphology and frequency. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 16–19(–21) µm, rare, solitary, density &lt;2 hooks/ 100 µm 2, distributed at distal end of the apex; Prickles equal in morphology and size, denser 3–5 prickles/ 100 µm 2, distributed across lemma apical surface, antrorse (more) and retrorse (fewer); Macro-hairs circular to ovoid base 21–27(–30) × 19–25(–29) µm and up to 160 µm long, located at middle and distal parts of apex.</p><p>Awn base surface: Long cells 70–120(–130) × 6–9 µm, extremes rounded, thin, smooth walls up to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells circular (7–) 9–12(–14) µm, frequently solitary, occasionally in pairs with cork cells in lines; Cork cells quadrangular 5–7(–8) × 8–11 µm, pairing with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Prickles of equal morphology and size to lemma apical surface, antrorse (more) and retrorse (fewer) and of similar density 2–6 prickles/ 100 µm 2, distributed irregularly. Stomata paracytic (Parallel cell wall type) situated between lines of prickles 7–12 µm long, density 1–2 stomata/100 µm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Spain: Huesca: Hecho, subida a Peñaforcada, 10-VIII-1990, S . García &amp; F. M . Vázquez, HSS n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9AFF81019AFC66FF144C4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9AFF81019AFF4EFD7648C9.text	B0360337FF9AFF81019AFF4EFD7648C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achnatherum paradoxum	<div><p>Achnatherum paradoxum (L.) Banfi, Galasso &amp; Bartolucci (Figure 49 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by quadrangular long cells of (2–)4–18(–24) × (10–)12–16 µm, longer at the margin up to 38 µm, smooth walls 1 µm thick, of linear distribution like short cells. Short cells: main Silica cells (8–)10–14(–16) × (10–)12–14 µm, circular to ovoid, occasionally reniform, linear distribution, solitary, with cork cells, high density 30–65(–78) silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells fusiform 2–4(–6) × 10–12 µm, paired with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs 180–290(–340) µm long, circular to ovoid base (8–)10–18(–20) × 9–19 µm, irregularly distributed.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, distribution, and morphology, at higher density than dorsal area cells 50–85(–92) silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, and distribution. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles circular to ovoid base (8–)14–19(–22) × 16–22(–26) µm, up to 50 µm long, solitary, of linear distribution in dorsal part of apex, density &lt;2 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of equal size, morphology and distributed all across lemma apical surface, being more frequent at lowest part of apex.</p><p>Awn base surface: Long cells (85–)90–140(–164) × (7–)8–10(–11) µm, extremes rounded, sinuous walls to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells circular (8–) 9–12(–14) µm, paired with cork cells, in lines, never solitary; Cork cells quadrangular 5–7(–9) × 8–12 µm, paired with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Prickles ovoid to lanceolate base 26–45(–52) × 18–28(–30) µm and up to 52 µm long, linear distribution. Stomata paracytic (parallel cell walls), between lines of prickles 8–16 µm long, density (2–)3–7(–8) stomata/100 µm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Bou Nacer, 1810 m.a.s.l., 16-VII-2011, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Midelt, 2030 m.a.s.l., 14-VI-2018, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9AFF81019AFF4EFD7648C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9AFF80019AF8EAFA234929.text	B0360337FF9AFF80019AF8EAFA234929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achnatherum calamagrostis subsp. mesatlasicum (Quezel) Dobignard 2010	<div><p>Achnatherum calamagrostis subsp. mesatlasicum (Quézel) Dobignard (Figure 50 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (20–)25–50(–75) × 10–15(–17) µm, undulated to smooth walls up to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (9–)10–22(–24) × (9–)11–20(–24) µm, circular to ovoid, of linear distribution, frequently solitary, occasionally with cork cells at the margin, high density 15–20(–24) silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells fusiform, sub-quadrangular to reniform (4–)6–10 × 10–20(–22) µm, in pairs with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles rare, at the margin, circular to obovate base 19–25 × 14–25 µm and up to 30 µm long, density &lt;1 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 350–700(–750) µm long, circular to obovate base 18–25(–30) × 16–24(–28) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, with undulated to sinuous walls up to 3 µm thick and longer, up to 105 µm long. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, distribution, and morphology, but low density up to 11–20(–24) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells equal in size, distribution, morphology, and frequency. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles equal in morphology and up to 45µm long, denser 2–5 prickles/ 100µm 2, distributed across lemma apical surface, antrorse; Macro-hairs equal in morphology and up to 160 µm long, distributed across lemma apical surface.</p><p>Awn base surface: Long cells 110–160 × 6–9 µm, extremes rounded, thin, smooth walls up to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells not observed. Spines and hairs: Prickles ovoid to lanceolate base 28–50(–55) × 17–30(–34) µm and up to 60 µm long, of linear distribution. Stomata paracytic (Parallel cell wall type) between lines of prickles 8–14 µm long, density 2–4 stomata/100 µm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Bon Naceur, valle de Beni Ouriach, VIII-1954, P . Quezel RAB020112 (holotype)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9AFF80019AF8EAFA234929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9BFF80019AFCC0FD774D2A.text	B0360337FF9BFF80019AFCC0FD774D2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celtica gigantea subsp. gigantea (Link) F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth	<div><p>Celtica gigantea subsp. gigantea (Hoffmmans. ex Link) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (Figure 51 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by fusiform to rectangular long cells of acute to oblique apex (60–)100–180(– 230) × (6–)7–12(–14) µm, smooth walls to 2 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 10–12(–14) × 10–12 µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, often in pairs with cork cells, situated between long cells, distributed irregularly, frequently solitary, density (7–)8–1(–13) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells 5–8(–9) × 10–12 µm, reniform to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 900 µm long, circular base 24–38(–44) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, morphology and distribution, at lower density (6–)7–12 silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology and distribution. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles circular base 16–25 µm and up to 50 µm long, distributed at the middle of the apex, density &lt;8 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of equal size and morphology but irregularly distributed to dorsal part, located across entire surface except at distal part of apex. Upper apex smooth, lacking spines or hairs.</p><p>Awn base surface: Characterised by long cells of acute to oblique apices up to 350 µm in twisted, flat and angled parts. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles of oblong to obovate base 18–24 × 8–12 µm, up to 35 µm long, located in the angles of twisted parts, sporadic, density &lt;2 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs absent. Stomata paracytic of Parallel-sided subsidiary cells type, of linear distribution in the groove between twists, density 2–4 stomata/ 1cm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Taza, A 55 km de Ketama a Chefchaouen, 35,001 1, -4,90094, 14-V-2010, Zonas montanas junto a Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carriére, R. Ferreira, R. Gavilán, C. Pinto-Gomes, D. Sánchez.Mata, F.M. Vázquez &amp; B. Vilches, HSS n.n; Tétouan, Bab Berret, Proxidades localidad. A 20 km de Chefcaouen, 34,987 5, - 4,847 22, 1380 m.s.a.l., 14-V-2010, Bosque de Quercus pyrenaica Willd., R. Ferreira, R. Gavilán, C. Pinto-Gomes, D. Sánchez.Mata, F.M. Vázquez &amp; B. Vilches, HSS n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9BFF80019AFCC0FD774D2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9BFF85019AF944FE4D4960.text	B0360337FF9BFF85019AF944FE4D4960.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celtica gigantea subsp. donyanae (F. M. Vazquez & Devesa) F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth 2004	<div><p>Celtica gigantea subsp. donyanae (F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (Figure 51 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by fusiform to rectangular long cells of straight, acute to oblique apex (80–)90– 160(–210) × 7–14(–18) µm, smooth walls to 2 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 10–14(15) × 10–12 µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, often in pairs with cork cells, situated between long cells, distributed irregularly, frequently solitary, density 18–25(–27) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (4–)5–7(–8) × 10–12 µm, reniform to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 910 µm long, circular base 24–38(–44) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology, density and distribution; Cork cells equal in size, morphology and distribution. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs equal in size, morphology and irregular distribution to those at dorsal part, located across entire surface except distal part of apex. Upper apex smooth, lacking spines or hairs.</p><p>Awn base surface: Characterised by long cells of acute to oblique apices up to 570 µm in twisted, flat and angled parts. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles of oblong to obovate base 21–28 × (8–)9–14 µm, up to 110 µm long, located across surface, flat and angled parts of twists, frequent, density 7–12 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs absent. Stomata paracytic of Parallel-sided subsidiary cells type, of linear distribution in the groove between twists and flat parts, density 2–4(–5) stomata/ 1 cm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Kénitra, Kenitra, Ameur Seflia. Forêst de Mamora, Oued Tiflet, 34,208 99, -6,36541, 18-IV-19, Pastizales, M . Chambouleyron, R. Lorenz &amp; F. M . Vázquez, HSS, n.n.; Rabat, Pays de Zemmour, a 2 km de Rabat, 34,024 72, -6,60444, 170 m. s.a.l., 16-V-2010, R . Ferreira, R. Gavilán, C. Pinto-Gomes, D. Sánchez.Mata, F . M . Vázquez &amp; B. Vilches, HSS n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9BFF85019AF944FE4D4960	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9EFF85019AFD9DFE214E78.text	B0360337FF9EFF85019AFD9DFE214E78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celtica gigantea subsp. maroccana (Pau & Font Quer) F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth 2004	<div><p>Celtica gigantea subsp. maroccana (Pau &amp; Font Quer) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Barkworth (Figure 51 (3)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by fusiform to rectangular long cells of straight, acute to oblique apex (80–)85– 155(–210) × 7–14(–17) µm, smooth walls to 2 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 10–14(–16) × 10–12(–13) µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, often paired with cork cells, situated between long cells, distributed irregularly, frequently solitary, density 10–12(–14) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (4–)5–7(–8) × 10–12 /µm, reniform to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 870 µm long, circular base 22–37(–42) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology, density and distribution; Cork cells of equal size, morphology and distribution. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs equal in size, morphology and irregular distribution to those at dorsal part, located across entire surface except at distal part of apex. Upper apex smooth, lacking spines or hairs.</p><p>Awn base surface: Characterised by long cells of acute to oblique apex up to 530 µm in twisted, flat and angled parts. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles of oblong to obovate base 22–29(–31) × (8–)9–14 µm, up to 65 µm long, located in twisted parts, flat part smooth; frequent in angled, density 4–6 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs absent. Stomata paracytic of Parallel-sided subsidiary cells type, of linear distribution in flat and groove between twisted parts, density 4–6(–7) stomata/ 1cm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Issaguen, Al-Hoceima, 1700 m.a.s.l., 20-V-2021, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Meknès, A 50 km de Khénifra, 33,213 06, -5,92694, 1200 m.s.a.l., 11-V-2010, Zonas altas sobres suelos graníticos acompañados de Chamaerops humilis L ., R . Ferreira, R . Gavilán, C . Pinto-Gomes, D. Sánchez.Mata, F . M . Vázquez &amp; B . Vilches, HSS n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9EFF85019AFD9DFE214E78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9EFF84019AFA00FE214A08.text	B0360337FF9EFF84019AFA00FE214A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrochloa gabesensis subsp. gabesensis (Moraldo, Raffaelli & Ricceri) F. M. Vazquez	<div><p>Macrochloa gabesensis subsp. gabesensis (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) F.M. Vázquez (Figure 52 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface (including base): Characterised by rectangular long cells of (42–) 60–105(–130) × (10–)12– 19(–22) µm, sinuous walls 5–9 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells 15–20(–25) × 14–20(–22) µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, solitary or in pairs or threes with cork, occasionally hook cells, situated between long cells, density (9)12–15(–17) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (5–)7–10(–12) × 14–19(–21) µm, sub-quadrangular, reniform to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to frequently ovoid base (16–)19–24(– 28) × 7–12(–14) µm high, irregularly distributed between long cells, frequently solitary, sporadically paired with silica cell, density &lt;2 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs 600–950(–1200) µm long, circular to obovate base 22–28(–31) × 18–21 (–25) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface, denser at base.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, morphology, distributed solitarily, in pairs, threes and occasionally a four-cell union with cork and hook cells and prickles, at a lower density (6–)7–9(–10) silica cells/100 µm 2 than in dorsal area; Cork cells not studied. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal size, morphology, solitary, denser than in dorsal area 5–7 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles ovoid base (19–)24–31(–33) × 19–26(–28) µm, and up to 30 µm long, irregularly distributed between long cells, solitary, density &lt;3 prickle/100 µm 2, distributed at the middle of apex; Macro-hairs up to 1100 µm long, circular to obovate base 18–26(–30) × 16–19(–21) µm, irregularly distributed, more frequent at middle of apex. Stomata paracytic, rare at middle of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Bouarfa-Zelmon, 0533652/ 3569235, 1070 m.s.a.l., 29-III-2017, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 156)); Gueraf Safsafat, -377500/ 3394443, 920 m.s.a.l., 12-IV-2019, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 285(1/2))) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9EFF84019AFA00FE214A08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9FFF84019AFEA5FBF94F7C.text	B0360337FF9FFF84019AFEA5FBF94F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrochloa gabesensis subsp. kelibiae (Moraldo, Raffaelli & Ricceri 2025) F. M. Vazquez 2025	<div><p>Macrochloa gabesensis subsp. kelibiae (Moraldo, Raffaelli &amp; Ricceri) F.M. Vázquez (Figure 52 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface (including base): Characterised by long rectangular cells of (25–)50–120(–160) × (8–)10– 18(–20) µm, sinuous walls 5–9 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells 12–21(–24) × 12–18(–21) µm, circular to ovoid in mid-dorsal area to elongate 21–37(–41) × 12–20(–22) µm at base, frequent, solitary or in pairs with cork, occasionally with hook cells, situated between long cells, density 7–10(–12) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells not studied. Spines and hairs: Hooks ovoid base 20–28(–31) × 7–11(–12) µm high, irregularly distributed between long cells, frequently solitary, sporadically in pairs with silica cells, density &lt;1 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles ovoid base (20–)24–30(–34) × 19–25(–27) µm, and up to 20 µm long, irregularly distributed between long cells, solitary, density &lt;1 prickle/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 600–900(–1100) µm long, circular to obovate base 20–25(–27) × 18–20(–22) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface, denser at base.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size and morphology, distributed solitary, in pairs with cork but not with hook nor prickle cells, at lower density (4–) 5–7 silica cells/100 µm 2 than in dorsal area; Cork cells not studied. Spines and hairs: Hooks of equal size, morphology and frequently with silica cells, denser than in the dorsal area 2–4 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles similar in base morphology and size than in dorsal area, but longer, up to 50 µm long, distributed at middle of the apex, density&gt; 3 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs up to 950 µm long, circular to obovate base 18–24(–26) × 16–19(–20) µm, irregularly distributed, more frequent in middle of the apex. Stomata not studied.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Bouarfa, 0631235/ 3609397, 1300 m.s.a.l., 11-IV-2017, M . Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 154)); Nzala, Irmil, 2020 m.a.s.l., 18-VI-2020, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9FFF84019AFEA5FBF94F7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9FFF84019AFBB9FBE74C14.text	B0360337FF9FFF84019AFBB9FBE74C14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrochloa tenacissima	<div><p>Macrochloa tenacissima (Loefl. ex L.) Kunth (Figure 53 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface (including base): Characterised by rectangular long cells of (40–) 60–100(–140) × (10–) 14– 20(–22) µm, sinuous walls 7–11 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells 16–21(–26) × 14–20(–24) µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, solitary or in pairs or threes with cork and ioccasionally hook cells, situated between long cells, density (8–)10–14(–15) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (5–)8–15(–19) × 14–20(–22) µm, sub-quadrangular, reniform to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovoid (frequent) base (17–)20–28(–32) × 8–12(–14) µm high, irregularly distributed between long cells, frequently solitary, sporadically in pairs with silica cells, density &lt;2 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles circular to ovoid base (20–)24–30(–34) × 19–27(–29) µm, and up to 20 µm long, irregularly distributed between long cells, solitary, density &lt;1 prickle/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 600–900(–1100) µm long, circular to obovate base 20–26(–28) × 18–20 (–24) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface, denser at base.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size and morphology, distributed solitarily, in pairs, threes or occasionally a four-cell union with cork cells, hooks and prickles, at lower density (6–)8–10 silica cells/100 µm 2 than in dorsal area; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density. Spines and hairs: Hooks of equal size, morphology and frequently with silica cells, denser than in the dorsal area 4–6 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles of similar base morphology and size than in dorsal area, up to 40 µm long, distributed at the middle of the apex, density 2–4 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs up to 1000 µm long, circular to ovoid base 14–25(–27) × 12–18(–21) µm, distributed at middle of apex. Stomata paracytic, rare in middle of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Jerada, -203628/ 3433318, 1170 m.s.a.l., 10-IV-2019, M . Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 289(1/2)); Taourirt, 1180 m.a.s.l., 29-IV-2019, M. Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9FFF84019AFBB9FBE74C14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9DFF86019AFF4EFA2F4838.text	B0360337FF9DFF86019AFF4EFA2F4838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrochloa antiatlantica (Barrena, D. Rivera, Alcaraz & Obon) H. Scholz & Valdes 2006	<div><p>Macrochloa antiatlantica (Barreña, D.Rivera, Alcaraz &amp; Obón) H. Scholz &amp; Valdés (Figure 53 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface (including base): Characterised by rectangular long cells of (50–) 60–90(–120) × (9–)12–18(– 21) µm in mid-dorsal area and (25–)30–60(–70) × (10–)12–20(–24) µm at base, sinuous walls, 4–6(–7) µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells (12–)15–20(–24) × 14–19(–22) µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, solitary or in pairs with cork, or in threes with hook and cork cells, density (8–)9–12(–14) silica cells/100 µm 2 in mid-dorsal area and 12–16(–18) silica cells/100 µm 2 at base; Cork cells (5–)8–14(–18) × 12–18(–20) µm, sub-quadrangular to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovoid (frequent) base (17–)21–28(–31) × 7–12(– 14) µm high, irregularly distributed between long cells, frequently solitary, sporadic in pairs with silica cells, density &lt;1 hooks/100 µm 2 in base and &lt;3 hooks/ 100 µm 2 in mid-dorsal part; Prickles circular to ovoid base (20–)24–32(–35) × 19–26(–29) µm, and up to 25 µm long, irregularly distributed between long cells, solitary, density &lt;1 prickle/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 500–800(–900) µm long, circular to obovate base (19–)20–25(–26) × 18–20(–22) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface, denser at base.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the mid-dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size and morphology, distributed solitarily, in pairs or threes with cork cells, hooks or prickles, density (5–)7–10 silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density. Spines and hairs: Hooks of equal size, morphology and occasionally with silica cells, denser than in the dorsal area 3–5 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles similar base morphology and size than in dorsal area, up to 45 µm long, distributed at the middle of the apex, density 3–6(–7) prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs up to 900 µm long, circular to ovoid base 16–22(–25) × 14–20(–21) µm, distributed at middle of apex. Stomata not studied.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Haut Atlas Centra, entre Aoni et Ouirgan, 29-VI-1954, G . Malengon, RAB21200 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9DFF86019AFF4EFA2F4838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9DFF86019AFBC0FD584DD2.text	B0360337FF9DFF86019AFBC0FD584DD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oloptum miliaceum	<div><p>Oloptum miliaceum (L.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (Figure 54 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (25–)37–90(–105) × 8–10(–12) µm, thin, smooth walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (9–)10–14 µm, circular, occasionally elongate 12–18(–20) × 10–14 µm, frequent, occasionally in pairs with cork cells, situated between long cells, frequently solitary, density 25–32(–38) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (2–)3–7 × 10–12 µm, reniform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs not studied.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, no significant differences. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology, distribution, and density; Cork cells equal in size, morphology and distribution to those in dorsal area. Spines and hairs: Hooks occasionally with circular base 18 µm, distributed in middle of distal apex, solitary; Prickles or Hairs (Macro-hairs) not studied.</p><p>Awn base surface: Long cells (22–)42–74(–92) × (6–)7–9(–11) µm, extremes rounded to acute, smooth walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Prickles of two types: Short Prickles of ovoid to circular base 18–24(–25) × 14–19(–20) µm and up to 50 µm long; Long Prickles to ovoid base 26–40(–45) × 18–26(–30) µm and up to 64 µm long, distributed helicoidally. Stomata paracytic (Parallel wall cells type) between lines of prickles 16–20 µm long, density 2–6 stomata/100 µm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Maatarka, 1420 m.a.s.l., 6-V-2015, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Tata Tagmoure, 1080 m.a.s.l., 4-IV-2013, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9DFF86019AFBC0FD584DD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FF9DFFB8019AF96CFEA44C98.text	B0360337FF9DFFB8019AF96CFEA44C98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oloptum thomasii (Duby) Banfi & Galasso 2014	<div><p>Oloptum thomasii (Duby) Banfi &amp; Galasso (Figure 54 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (20–)30–80 × 8–10(–12) µm, thin, smooth walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (9–)10–14 µm, circular, frequent, occasionally in pairs with cork cells, situated between long cells, frequently solitary, density 18–20(–22) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (2–)3–7 × 10–12 µm, reniform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks; Prickles; and Hairs (Macro-hairs) not studied.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by similar long cells to those of the dorsal area, no significant differences. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density; Cork cells of equal size, morphology and distribution to those in the dorsal area. Spines and hairs: Hooks, Prickles or Hairs (Macro-hairs) not studied.</p><p>Awn base surface: Long cells (8–)12–44(–57) × (6–)7–9(–11) µm, extremes rounded, thin, smooth walls, up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. No Short cells. Spines and hairs: Prickles of two types: Short Prickles of ovoid to circular base 18–24(–26) × 14–19(–21) µm and up to 55 µm long; Long Prickles to ovoid base 26–45(–57) × 18–28(–32) µm and up to 94 µm long, distributed helicoidally. Stomata paracytic (Parallel wall cells type) between lines of prickles 17–20 µm long, density (4–)7–10(–12) stomata/100 µm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Spain: Badajoz, Valle de Santa Ana 16-IX-2015, J . Blanco, C . Vila-Viçosa &amp; F. M . Vázquez HSS65193</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FF9DFFB8019AF96CFEA44C98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA0FFBB019AFF20FCD54832.text	B0360337FFA0FFBB019AFF20FCD54832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauvois (Beauvois 1812	<div><p>Piptatherum coerulescens P. Beauv. (Figure 55).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (20–)30–90(–110) × (5–)6–8(–10) µm, undulated walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells 10–22(–25) × 10–16(–19) µm, circular to elongate, frequent, in pairs with cork cells, situated between long cells, frequently solitary, density 20–28(–31) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells 2–4 × 7–10 µm, fusiform to reniform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks, Prickles, and Macro-hairs not studied.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, no significant differences. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, morphology and distribution, denser in dorsal area 25–35(–38) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology and distribution to those in dorsal area. Spines and hairs: Hooks, Prickles, and Macro-hairs not studied.</p><p>Awn base surface: Long cells (22–)28–42(–48) × (6–)8–10(–11) µm, extremes rounded to acute, smooth walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Prickles of two types: Short Prickles of ovoid to circular base 18–24(–26) × 14–19(–21) µm and up to 55 µm long; Long Prickles of ovoid base 26–45(–57) × 18–28(–32) µm and up to 92 µm long, distributed helicoidally. Stomata paracytic (Parallel wall cells type) situated between the prickles in lines 11–20 µm long, density (4–) 9–14(–16) stomata/100 µm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Ben Taieb, 520 m. a.s.l., 5-V-2022, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Missour, Jbel Missour, 1400 m.a.s.l., 6-XII-2015, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA0FFBB019AFF20FCD54832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA0FFBA019AF867FDA249B8.text	B0360337FFA0FFBA019AF867FDA249B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa almeriensis F. M. Vazquez 2006	<div><p>Stipa almeriensis F.M. Vázquez (Figure 56 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (10–)16–65(–81) × 10–18(–24) µm, surface concave to flat, sinuous walls up to 9 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 8–16 × 8–12 µm, circular to obovate, occasional and in pairs with hook or in threes with hook and cork cells, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells (2–)3–8(–12) × 8–12 µm, fusiform to arched, with a silica cell, sporadic. Spines and hairs: Hooks with short points (blunt), circular base 10–20(–24) × &lt;2 µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica and cork cells, occasionally solitary, density 12–18 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs circular base 3–(–7) µm, more than 600 µm long, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly longer up to 100 µm and up to 11 µm thick, sinuous wall. Short cells: Silica cells of 7–12 × 4–7 µm, similar distribution to those of dorsal part, but ovate to oblong morphology; Cork cells (2–)3–6 × 5–10 µm, oblong to sub-reniform (fewer), more frequent in the dorsal area. Spines and hairs: Hooks unpointed, ovate base 7–12(–14) × 5–9 µm, lower density than in dorsal area 6–10 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles absent; Macro-hairs of obovate to circular base, located at margin leading up to apex.</p><p>Awn base surface: Characterised by long cells of acute to oblique apex up to 290 µm in twisted, flat and angled parts. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles absent; Macro-hairs absent. Stomata paracytic (Parallel-sided subsidiary cells type), of linear distribution in flat parts and in groove between twists, density 40–80(– 100) stomata/ 1 cm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Spain: Granada, Albuñuelas, sierra de Albuñuelas, 1356 msnm, 4-VI-2022, L . Concepción, D. M. &amp; F. M . Vázquez HSS80853 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA0FFBA019AF867FDA249B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA1FFBA019AFCF5FEB14EC1.text	B0360337FFA1FFBA019AFCF5FEB14EC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa apertifolia Martinovsky 1967	<div><p>Stipa apertifolia Martinovsky (Figure 56 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to quadrangular long cells of (12–)18–35(–42) × 14–18 µm, sinuous walls, 2–8 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells 7–12 × (10–)12–18 µm, circular, oblong to sub-quadrangular, sporadic and in pairs or threes with a hook or occasionally a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 8–10(–12) × 5–9 µm, circular to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovoid base 8–16(–17) × 12–18 µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density (12–)14–16 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs&gt; 650 µm long, circular base 10–18(–20) µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly longer up to 110 µm and 6 µm thick, sinuous wall, and surface flat to concave. Short cells: Silica cells of 7–14 × 9–15 µm, more frequent in dorsal area, similar morphology; Cork cells 5–8 × 8–12 µm, oblong to sub-reniform, more frequent in dorsal area. Spines and hairs: Hooks, circular base 10–18 µm, lower density in dorsal area (8–)9–12 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles absent; Macro-hairs&gt; 600 µm long, of obovate to circular base, located at margin area up to apex.</p><p>Material studied: Spain: Granada, Granada, Sierra Nevada, Dornajo, 2100 msnm, 7-VI-1991, D. &amp; F. M . Vázquez, HSS003002 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA1FFBA019AFCF5FEB14EC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA1FFBD019AFA7DFB514C4C.text	B0360337FFA1FFBD019AFA7DFB514C4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa atlantica P. A. Smirn. (Smirnov 1929	<div><p>Stipa atlantica P. Smirn. (Figure 57 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (15–)25–53(–61) × (7–)11–17(–20) µm, sinuous walls up to 5 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 6–12 × 5–10 µm, circular, obovate to oblong, frequently in pairs or threes with hook cells, less often with cork cells, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells (2–)3–9(–10) × 7–10 µm, sub-reniform to fusiform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks sub-quadrangular to circular base (7–)10–18(20) × 4–8(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork cells, more frequently solitary, density 9–12 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs&gt; 600 µm long, with circular base 11–20 µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly longer to 80 µm and up to 6 µm thick, sinuous walls. Short cells: Silica cells of 5–12 × 7–14 µm, more frequent than in dorsal area and similar distribution and morphology to the dorsal; Cork cells (2–)3–8 × 7–9 µm, oblong to sub-reniform, of equal distribution to the dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 9–17 µm, less dense than in dorsal area 7–10 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles absent; Macro-hairs of obovate to circular base, located at margin leading up to apex.</p><p>Awn base surface: Characterised by long cells of acute to oblique apices to 380 µm on twisted, flat and angled parts. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles absent; flat area smooth; Macro-hairs not observed. Stomata paracytic (Parallel-sided subsidiary cells type), of linear distribution on flat parts and grooves between twists, density 120–160(–200) stomata/ 1 cm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Timahdik, 2350 m.a.s.l., 24-VI-2020, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA1FFBD019AFA7DFB514C4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA6FFBC019AF8E9FDF84928.text	B0360337FFA6FFBC019AF8E9FDF84928.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa mediterranea (Trin. & Rupr.) Asch. & Graeb.	<div><p>Stipa mediterranea (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) Asch. &amp; Graeb. (Figure 57 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (12–)20–51(–58) × (7–)10–16(–18) µm, sinuous walls up to 5 µm thick, linear distrubution. Short cells: Silica cells of 7–14 × 7–10 µm, circular, obovate to oblong, frequent with cork cells and in pairs or threes with hook cells, situated between long cells, occasionally solitary; Cork cells (3–)5–8(–9) × 8–12 µm, sub-reniform (fewer) to fusiform (frequent), with a silica cell (frequent). Spines and hairs: Hooks sub-quadrangular to circular base (8–) 10–19(–21) × 5–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica or cork cells, occasionally solitary, density 10–14 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs&gt; 570 µm long, circular base 10–18(–20) µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly longer, up to 110 µm long, sinuous wall up to 6.5 µm thick. Short cells: Silica cells of 5–11 × 7–12 µm, similar distribution and morphology to the dorsal area; Cork cells (2–)3–7 × 7–12 µm, oblong to sub-reniform (fewer), of equal distribution to the dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 9–18 µm, similar density to dorsal area 9–14 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles absent; Macro-hairs of obovate to circular base, up to 390 µm, located at margin up to apex.</p><p>Awn base surface: Characterised by long cells of acute to oblique apex up to 430 µm in twisted, flat and angled parts. Short cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks absent; Prickles Angular types, with oblong to lineal base of 9–14 × 4–6 µm and up to 7 µm tall; Macro-hairs absent. Stomata paracytic (Parallel-sided subsidiary cells type), of linear distribution on flat parts and in grooves between twists, density 50–90(–120) stomata/ 1 cm 2.</p><p>Material studied: Spain: Huesca: Purroy de la Solana, 10-VII-1990, F. M . Vázquez, HSS0056874; Lérida; Conques, 11-VII-1990, F. M . Vázquez, HSS0056856 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA6FFBC019AF8E9FDF84928	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA4FFBF019AFF4DFE8B49B9.text	B0360337FFA4FFBF019AFF4DFE8B49B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa alba F. M. Vazquez & S. Ramos 2007	<div><p>Stipa × alba F.M. Vázquez &amp; S. Ramos (Figure 58 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (19–)22–55(–62) × (8–) 10–18(–21) µm, sinuous walls up to 10 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 8–12 × 5–11 µm, circular, obovate to oblong, in pairs or threes with hook, or less frequently, cork cells, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells (2–)3–9(– 11) × 7–10 µm, reniform to oblong, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks rectangular to circular base (8–)10–19(–21) × 4–7(–8) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 12–15 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 400–550(–740) µm long, circular base 8–21(–24) µm, regularly distributed in rows from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly longer, up to 70 µm and up to 14 µm thick. Short cells: Silica cells of 6–12 × 8–11 µm, more frequent, similar in distribution and morphology to the dorsal; Cork cells (2–)3–7(–9) × 7–10 µm, oblong to reniform, equal distribution to the dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 10–19(–22) µm, denser than at the dorsal area 18–22 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles circular base 22–35 µm and up to 140 µm long, distributed at middle of apex; Macro-hairs of obovate to circular base (15–)21–32 × 10–14(–18) µm and up to 340 µm long, located at middle and distal parts of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Tunisia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.816667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.816667/lat 32.95)">Beni M’Hira</a>, near to Tataouïne, 10°49′W, 32°57′N, IV-1996, M . Visser (Holotype – HSS 11867) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA4FFBF019AFF4DFE8B49B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA4FFBF019AFCF5FF6A4EE5.text	B0360337FFA4FFBF019AFCF5FF6A4EE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa balansae H. Scholz	<div><p>Stipa balansae H. Scholz (Figure 58 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (20–)30–45(–54) × (4–)5–7(–9) µm, smooth walls, up to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 8–12 × 5–10 µm, circular to reniform, occasionally oblong, sporadic and always in pairs or threes with a hook, occasionally with a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 5–8(–9) × 5–9 µm, reniform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks reniform to occasionally circular base (7–)10–20(–27) × 4–7(–9) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 10–14 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 400–600(–750) µm long, circular base 8–21(–24) µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal area to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly shorter up to 50 µm. Short cells: Silica cells of 8–14 × 6–12 µm, more frequent and of similar morphology to the dorsal; Cork cells absent. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to reniform base (5–)10–27(–35) × 10–25 µm, denser than in dorsal area 16–20 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles circular base 25–35 µm and up to 150 µm long, distributed in middle of apex, density 2–8/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of circular base 28–37(–41) µm and up to 370 µm long, located at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Debdou, -306636/ 3386655, 1530 m.s.a.l., 4-VI-2018, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 150)); Maatarka, 0551262/ 3629341, 1390 m.s.a.l., 13-V-2015, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 214)) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA4FFBF019AFCF5FF6A4EE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA4FFB1019AFA01FDF64A40.text	B0360337FFA4FFB1019AFA01FDF64A40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa barbata subsp. barbata Desfontaines 1798	<div><p>Stipa barbata subsp. barbata Desf. (Figure 59 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (17–)25–50(–60) × 4–8 µm, smooth walls, up to 3 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells of 7–11 × 12–20 µm, rectangular to circular, occasionally oblong, frequent, in pairs or threes with a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 6–11(–15) × 5–9 µm, circular to reniform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to obovate base (6–)8– 17(–24) × 4–8(–9) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, frequently solitary, density 10–12 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles circular base 20–34 µm, up to 140 µm long, irregularly distributed in dorsal area, and up to 3 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of circular base 20–35(–38) µm and 800–1100(–1300) µm long, irregularly distributed.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells identical to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica and cork cells of similar morphology, size and distribution to those of dorsal area, less frequently cork cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base frequent, less obovate, equal in size and distribution to dorsal area, denser than on the dorsal area 14–17 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles equal size and morphology to dorsal base and up to 130 µm long, distributed at middle of apex; Macro-hairs similar to those of dorsal area, to 1700 µm long, often reaching 1000 µm in length, located at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Agadir Taliwine, Melloul, -781524/3026969, 1740 m.s.a.l., 21-II-2019, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 290)); Air Bri Makhar, 0502717/3756414, 1630 m.s.a.l., 1-VI-2012, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 65).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA4FFB1019AFA01FDF64A40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFABFFB0019AFF4DFCB949B9.text	B0360337FFABFFB0019AFF4DFCB949B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa barbata subsp. brevipila (Cosson & Durieu) F. M. Vazquez & Devesa 1997	<div><p>Stipa barbata subsp. brevipila (Coss. &amp; Durieu) F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (Fig. 60 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by long rectangular cells of (18–)22–40(–43) × 18–21 µm, smooth to thinly undulated walls, 4–7 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 8–15 × 12–16 µm, circular to oblong, frequently in pairs or threes with cork or hook cells, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 5–10 × 14–18 µm, sub-elliptic to oblong, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to quadrangular base (7–)8–11(–12) × 6–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, frequently solitary, density 9–12 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 280–550(–700) µm long, circular base 12–15 µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly longer and thinner 27–50(–55) × 8–12(–14) µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology and distribution but less abundant than long cells at the dorsal part; Cork cells equal to those of dorsal area, but occasional. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal in size, distribution, and morphology, denser than in dorsal area (12–14 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles circular to ovate base 20–22 × 18–23 µm and 20–45(–50) µm long, distributed at upper apex, up to 2 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of similar morphology and size, distributed throughout, more frequent at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Azilal, Takcat, 1980 m.a.s.l., 9-VI-2021, M. Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.;)); Enjil, 20-VI-2005, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 201)) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFABFFB0019AFF4DFCB949B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFABFFB0019AFCF5FF694EC1.text	B0360337FFABFFB0019AFCF5FF694EC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa bufensis F. M. Vazquez, H. Scholz & Sonnentag 1999	<div><p>Stipa bufensis F.M. Vázquez (Figure 60 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to quadrangular long cells of 12–34 × 10–18 µm, smooth walls, up to 8 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 20–14 × 7–10 µm, oblong to obovate, sporadic and in pairs or threes with a hook, occasionally with a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary, more frequent at dorsal and less at margins; Cork cells 8–12 × 7–10 µm, fusiform to oblong, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to reniform base 10–14(–15) × 5–8 µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 11–16 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 180–350(–400) µm long, circular base 15–22 µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly shorter 8–22 × 7–12 µm. Short cells similar to those of dorsal area in size, morphology and distribution. Spines and hairs: Hooks of equal size, density, distribution, and morphology to dorsal; Prickles circular base 18–24 µm and up to 70 µm long, distributed at distal part of apex and up to 4 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs similar to those of dorsal area but up to 480 µm long, located at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Enjil, -459543/3714765, 1600 m.s.a.l., 20-V-2013, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 43 (1/2)); Maatarka, 0504317/3657382, 1480 m.s.a.l., 27-IV-2017, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 77 (1/2)).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFABFFB0019AFCF5FF694EC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFABFFB0019AFA7DFB1F4CA4.text	B0360337FFABFFB0019AFA7DFB1F4CA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa juncea Linnaeus 1753	<div><p>Stipa juncea L. (Figure 60 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (22–) 25–37(–41) × 18–22 µm, smooth walls, 2–8 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 8–12 × 7–10 µm, circular to reniform, occasionally oblong, sporadic and in pairs or threes with a hook, or occasionally a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 10–12 × 7–11 µm, reniform to circular, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 15–22(–25) × 5–8 µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, frequently solitary, density 8–11 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 280–420(–510) µm long, circular base 14–24(–28) µm, regularly distributed in rows from mid-dorsal area to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by similar long cells to those of the dorsal area, slightly shorter 15–27 × 8–12 µm. Short cells: Silica and Cork cells of equal size, morphology and distribution, silica more frequent than cork cells in dorsal area. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal to those at dorsal area, but irregularly distributed; Prickles circular base 20–40 µm and 50–150 µm long, distributed at middle and distal parts of apex and up to 6 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs circular base 16–25(–27) µm and up to 550 µm long, located at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Aroval, -277590/3295248, 1670 m.s.a.l., 24-V-2017, M . Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 241(1/2))); Sefrou. Annoceur, 1610 m.a.s.l., 19-VI-2020, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFABFFB0019AFA7DFB1F4CA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFA8FFB2019AF882FAE34960.text	B0360337FFA8FFB2019AF882FAE34960.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa lagascae Roemer & Schultes	<div><p>Stipa lagascae Roemer &amp; Schultes (Figure 61).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (10–)20–45(–50) × 10–18(–20) µm in dorsal area and 25–50(–60) × 8–15 µm at margins, smooth to undulate walls, up to 4 µm thick at margin and up to 6 µm thick in the dorsal, linear distribution. Short cells: Silica cells not observed; Cork cells not observed. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to reniform base 15–28 × 6–10 µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, frequently solitary, occasionally a pair of hooks, density 9–12 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 350–450(–515) µm long, circular base (20–)25–35 µm, regularly distributed in lines from media dorsal area to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by similar long cells to those of the dorsal area, slightly shorter 12–28(–32) × 10–20(–21) µm. Short cells: Silica cells fusiform, occasional, in pairs with hooks, 5–10(–11) × 12–20 µm; Cork cells not observed. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal in size and morphology to the dorsal, irregular distribution, at similar density than in the dorsal area (8–12 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles of two types: Short up to 12 µm long in first basal section of apex lemma, and Medium of more than 15 µm in terminal basal section of apex lemma, density 1–3 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs ovoid base (18–)20–40 × 45–50(–60) µm and up to 410 µm long, distributed at middle and distal parts of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Air Bri Mahkan, Merija,0534575/3769225, 1280m.s.a.l., 8-V-2012, M . Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 238)); Bou Iblane, Tamtroucht, 1910 m.a.s.l., 4-VI-2019, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFA8FFB2019AF882FAE34960	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFA67FF634364.text	B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFA67FF634364.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa letourneuxii var. letourneuxii var. letourneuxii Trabut 1890	<div><p>Stipa letourneuxii var. letourneuxii Trab. (Figure 3 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to sub-quadrangular long cells of (15–)18–40(–44) × 22–31 µm, smooth walls up to 10 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells 8–15 × 18–22 µm, circular to oblong, sporadic, more frequent at margin, frequently in pairs or threes with hook cells, situated between long cells, occasionally solitary; Cork cells 4–8 × 19–24 µm oblong to fusiform, sporadic, mostly with a silica cell or occasionally a hook cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to sub-quadrangular base 12–22 × 6–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, or additional hook cells, more frequent solitary, density 7–10 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 450 µm long, circular base 10–18 µm, regularly distributed in lines from base to mid-dorsal surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, smaller 10–25 × 8–12 µm. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent; Cork cells of equal size, distribution and morphology to the dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal in size, and morphology to the dorsal, irregular in distribution and at a higher density (28–32 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles circular to ovate base, 18–21 × 19–25 µm, 15–55 µm long, distributed at middle and distal parts of apex, up to 3 prickles/ 100 µm 2; Macro-hairs not studied.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Aroval, 0500207/3636790, 1420 m.s.a.l., 9-V-2017, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 142 (1/2); Bouarfa, 0640778/3609597, 1270 m.s.a.l., 10-IV-2017, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 143 (1/2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFA67FF634364	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFF4DFB724988.text	B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFF4DFB724988.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa maroccana H. Scholz 1996	<div><p>Stipa maroccana H. Scholz (Figure 62 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of 14–37 × 12–21 µm in dorsal area and 30–55 × 10–20 µm at margins, smooth walls, 2–5 µm thick at margin and thicker, 3–6 µm in dorsal, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 8–11 µm, circular to obovate, sporadic, more frequent at margin, in pairs or threes with a hook or occasionally with a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 9–12 × 5–11 µm, circular to reniform, sporadic, always with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 10–22 × 5–7(–8) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 12–15 hooks/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 300–480(–525) µm long, circular base 22–31 µm, regularly distributed in rows from mid-dorsal area to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly shorter 18–38 × 10–12 µm. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent; Cork cells of equal size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal in size and morphology to the dorsal, irregular distribution, denser than in dorsal area (16–21 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs circular to ovoid base 28–44 × (18–)21–30(–34) µm and 90–400(–420) µm long, distributed at middle and distal parts of apex. Material studied: Morocco: Serghin, 1920 m.a.s.l., 1-VI-2021, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFF4DFB724988	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFD27FEBA4EC9.text	B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFD27FEBA4EC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa trabutiana F. M. Vazquez	<div><p>Stipa trabutiana F.M. Vázquez (Figure 62 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of 18–50 × 18–22 µm in dorsal area and 38–51 × 18–21 µm at margins, fine sinuous walls, thickness 3–6 µm, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 8–12 µm, circular to obovate, sporadic, more frequent at margin, mostly in pairs or threes a hook, occasionally with a cork cell, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 8–11 × 5–11 µm, circular to reniform, sporadic, with a silica cell or very occasionally a hook cell (1/1000 cases). Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 9–13 × 6–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 12–15 hooks/ 100 µm 2; Prickles ovate to circular base 20–26 × 20–28 µm and 40–150 µm long, between macro-hairs, distributed across entire surface, up to 2 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 200–380 µm long, obovate base 30–37 × 21–25 µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal area to base of lemma.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly shorter 11–37 × 8–18 µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent; Cork cells equal in size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent. Spines and hairs: Hooks of equal size, density and morphology to the dorsal, irregular distribution; Prickles equal in base and size, up to 85 µm long, distributed in the middle and at the distal end of the apex up to 6 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs similar in size and morphology to dorsal, mostly located at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Mengoub, 0551937/3565098, 30-III-2007, 1000 m.s.a.l., M . Chambouleyron (HSS82619) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFAEFFB5019AFD27FEBA4EC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFAFFFB6019AF8CAFF7D4ABD.text	B0360337FFAFFFB6019AF8CAFF7D4ABD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa letourneuxii var. ignea (F. M. Vazquez 2007) F. M. Vazquez. 2025	<div><p>Stipa letourneuxii var. ignea (F.M. Vázquez) F.M.Vázquez. (Figure 63 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised for rectangular long cells of 20–42(–60) × 18–24 µm, smooth walls up to 10 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells 8–12 × 14–19 µm, circular to oblong, sporadic, more frequent at margin, in all cases forming pairs or threes with hook cells, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells not studied. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular base 15–26 × 7–10(–11) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, or additional hook cells, more frequent solitary, density 7–12 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 470 µm long, circular base 18–21 µm, regularly distributed in lines from base to mid-dorsal surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, slightly thinner 8–14 µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent; Cork cells 8–10 × 18–20 µm oblong, sporadic, in all cases together with silica and occasionally hook cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal in size, and morphology to the dorsal, irregular in distribution and at a higher density 11–14 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles circular to ovate base, 28–33 × 26–36 µm, 50–120 µm long, distributed in middle and distal parts of apex, up to 3 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs similar in size and morphology to dorsal, but slightly bigger base 19–27 µm, and shorter macro-hairs up to 180 µm located mostly at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Iber, -510240/3284224, 1730 m.s.a.l., 7-VI-2018, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 153)); Jerada, -214586/ 3422094, 920 m.s.a.l., 4-VI-2018, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 148 (1/2/3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFAFFFB6019AF8CAFF7D4ABD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFADFFB6019AFDF9FC944FE9.text	B0360337FFADFFB6019AFDF9FC944FE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa letourneuxii var. tunetana (H. Scholz) F. M. Vazquez	<div><p>Stipa letourneuxii var. tunetana (H. Scholz) F.M.Vázquez (Figure 63 (3)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by sub-quadrangular to rectangular (fewer) long cells of (16–)18–24(–28) × 16–22 µm, smooth walls up to 11 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells 9–14 × 17–21 µm, circular to oblong, sporadic, frequently in pairs or threes with hook cells, situated between long cells, occasionally solitary; Cork cells 4–8(–9) × 17–20 µm oblong to fusiform, sporadic, in all cases with a silica cell and occasionally a hook cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to oblong base 16–24 × 6–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, or additional hook cells, more frequent solitary, density 8–10 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 380 µm long, circular base (9–)11–16 µm, regularly distributed in lines from base to mid-dorsal surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, thinner and more numerous, size (9–)11–37 × 7–10 µm. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size and morphology to the dorsal, more frequent; Cork cells equal in size, distribution and morphology to the dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks equal in size and morphology to the dorsal, irregular in distribution and of higher density (18–26 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles circular to ovate base, 20–24 × 19–28 µm, 35–88 µm long, distributed at middle and distal parts of apex; Macro-hairs ovate to circular base 22–28 × 24–33(–35) µm, and up to 360 µm long, distributed at upper apex.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.883333/lat 33.25)">Material</a> studied: Tunisia: Chahbania, near to Neffatia, 10°53′E, 33°15′N, IV-1996, M . Visser, HSS 11860; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.216666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.216666/lat 32.983334)">Close Taguelmit</a>, 11°13′E, 32°59′N, IV-1996, M . Visser, HSS 7428 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFADFFB6019AFDF9FC944FE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFADFFB6019AFB05FF6A4C39.text	B0360337FFADFFB6019AFB05FF6A4C39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa offneri Breistroffer 1950	<div><p>Stipa offneri Breistr. (Figure 64 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to quadrangular long cells of (16–)25–50(–61) × 16–21 µm, smooth to undulated walls 7–9 µm thick in smooth walls to 10–14 µm in undulated walls, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 10–14 × 18–24 µm, circular to oblong, sporadic in dorsal and frequent at margins, in all cases in pairs or threes with silica, hook and occasionally cork cells, never solitary; Cork cells 7–10 × 18–21 µm, oblong, sporadic, in all cases with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to quadrangular base 12–23 × 7–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 12–16 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs up to 410 µm long, circular base 19–24 µm, regularly distributed in lines from mid-dorsal area to lemma base.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area, thin walled to 18 µm. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, morphology and distribution, more frequent (12–15 silica cells/100 µm 2); Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density to dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular equal in size, morphology and distribution, denser than in dorsal area (14–18 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles circular to ovate base 12–22 × 16–24 µm and (12–)14–55(–60) µm long, distributed at middle and upper parts of apex, up to 6 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of circular base 12–24 × 110–400 µm long, located at distal part of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Tanda, VC 0021/4146, 1640 m.s.a.l., 29-V-2014, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 227 (1/2/3))); Boumia, 0273583/ 3617960, 1910 m.s.a.l., 22-V-2014, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 230)) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFADFFB6019AFB05FF6A4C39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFB2FFA8019AF8E2FB2D4961.text	B0360337FFB2FFA8019AF8E2FB2D4961.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipa meridionalis F. M. Vazquez & Devesa. In 1997	<div><p>Stipa meridionalis F.M. Vázquez &amp; Devesa (Figure 64 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to quadrangular long cells of (10–)16–35(–42) × 21–26 µm, smooth walls more than 8–11 µm thick, thinner in the margins up to 20 µm wide, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of 8–12 × 14–18 µm, circular to oblong, sporadic in dorsal and frequent at margins, in all cases forming pairs with hook and occasionally cork cells, situated between long cells, never solitary; Cork cells 8–13 × 14–20 µm, oblong to elliptic, sporadic, in all cases with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovate base (16–)18–23 × 7–10(–11) µm high, regularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica, cork or additional hook cells, more frequently solitary, density 10–15 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles not observed; Macro-hairs 310–450(–540) µm long, circular base 12–15 µm, regularly distributed in rows from mid-dorsal area to lemma base.</p><p>Lemma apex surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology, density and distribution; Cork cells equal in size, morphology, distribution and density to dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular equal in size, morphology and distribution, denser than at the dorsal area (16–20 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles circular to ovate base 20–28(–30) × 18–25(–27) µm and 21–65(–83) µm long, distributed at the middle of apex, up to 2 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of circular base 14–22 µm and up to 530 µm long, located at middle and distal parts of apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Azrou, 1720 m.a.s.l., 26-VI-2020, M. Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Jbel Mechkakour, 0498190/3643740, 1868 m.s.a.l., 25-V-2010, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 226)) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFB2FFA8019AF8E2FB2D4961	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFB3FFA8019AFD00FCAE4EDA.text	B0360337FFB3FFA8019AFD00FCAE4EDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Roser & Hamasha	<div><p>Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (Figure 65 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to quadrangular long cells of (7–)8–24(–31) × 12–14(–16) µm, smooth to undulated walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells 12–19(–22) × 14–20(–24) µm, circular to ovoid, frequently solitary, occasionally in pairs or threes with cork cells, between long cells, density 42–61(–64) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (2–)4–8(–9) × 12–18 µm, fusiform to reniform, sporadic, in all cases with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles obovate to circular base (17–)22–29(–35) × 20–27(–29) µm, and up to 75 µm long, irregularly distributed between long cells, solitary, density &lt;3 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs 600–1100(–1370) µm long, circular to obovate base 22–36(–43) × 22–29(–32) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface, combined with Macro-hairs up to 210 µm long, and circular to obovate base 20–32(–38) × 21–27(–30) µm irregularly distributed between long cells.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by similar long cell morphology, wall characteristics and distribution, length to 42 µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology and distribution, lower density to 28 silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles of equal size, morphology and distribution, denser up to&gt; 4 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of equal size, morphology and distribution, more frequent towards distal end of lemma apex.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.96475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.53753" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.96475/lat 33.53753)">Material</a> studied: Morocco: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.96475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.53753" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.96475/lat 33.53753)">Benslimane</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.96475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.53753" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.96475/lat 33.53753)">Ben Slimane</a>, Ziaida. Entre Boulhaut y Sidi Bettache. Jebel Ech Charef, 33.53753, -6.96475, 16-IV-2019, Suelo pizarroso, M . Chambouleyron, R . Lorenz &amp; F . M . Vázquez, HSS n.n; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.2469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.58129" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.2469/lat 33.58129)">Khémisset</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.2469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.58129" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.2469/lat 33.58129)">Tiddas</a> (Tedders), Camino hacia Moslem cemetery, 33.58129, -6.2469, 17-IV-2019, Roquedos cuarcíticos, M . Chambouleyron, R . Lorenz &amp; F . M . Vázquez, HSS n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFB3FFA8019AFD00FCAE4EDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFB3FFA8019AFA14FCD94362.text	B0360337FFB3FFA8019AFA14FCD94362.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipellula nitens (Ball) Roser & Hamasha	<div><p>Stipellula nitens (Ball) Röser &amp; Hamasha (Figure 65 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular to quadrangular long cells of (4–) 5–9(–11) × 10–12(–14) µm, smooth to undulated walls, 4–6 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (8–)10–16(–18) × (9–)10– 14(–17) µm, circular to ovoid, frequently solitary, occasionally in pairs or threes with cork cells, between long cells, density 65–78(–82) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (2–)4–7(–8) × 12–18 µm, fusiform to reniform, sporadic, in all cases with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs 500–1200(1450) µm long, circular to obovate base 21–34(–36) × 20–28(–30) µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by similar long cell morphology, wall characteristics and distribution, length to 32 µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology and distribution, lower density of 41 silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovoid base 16–22(–26) × 14–20(–25) µm, sporadic, solitary, occasionally with a silica cell, low density &lt;4 hooks/100 µm 2; Prickles obovate to circular base (17–)20–28(–31) × 18–26(–28) µm, and up to 35 µm long, irregularly distributed between long cells, solitary, density &lt;2 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs equal in size, morphology and distribution, more frequent at distal part of lemma apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Demnate, Marrakech, 2230 m.a.s.l., 10-VI-2021, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Tizi a’Tichka, 2270 m.a.s.l., 30-VI-2020, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFB3FFA8019AFA14FCD94362	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFB1FFAD019AFF4DFEB24961.text	B0360337FFB1FFAD019AFF4DFEB24961.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipellula parviflora var. parviflora (Desf.) var. parviflora (Desf.) Roser & Hamasha 2012	<div><p>Stipellula parviflora var. parviflora (Desf.) Röser &amp; Hamasha (Figure 66 (1)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Rectangular to quadrangular long cells of (4–)6–22(–28) × 10–14(–16) µm, smooth to undulated walls up to 1 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (8–)10–16 × 10–14(–15) µm, circular to ovoid, frequently solitary, occasionally in pairs or threes with cork cells, between long cells, density 44–58(–64) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (2–)4–8(–9) × 12–16 µm, fusiform to reniform, sporadic, in all cases with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs 300–650(–730) µm long, circular base 10–14 µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Similar to dorsal area in long cell morphology, wall characteristics and distribution, length to 45 µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology and distribution, lower density of 32 silica cells/ 100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovoid base 18–28(–30) × 7–10(–12) µm high, regularly distributed in rows, in pairs or occasionally threes with cork cells, more frequently solitary, density 16–31 hooks/100 µm 2; Longer prickles ovoid to circular base up to 29 µm, and up to 26 µm long, solitary, distirbuted at distal part of apex together with angulated prickles of lineal base 16–20(–24) × 5–7(–8) µm high, in the margin; density 8–14 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of equal size, morphology and distribution, more frequent at distal part of lemma apex.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Air Bri Makhar, 0574230/ 3786765, 890 m.s.a.l., 17-IV-2014, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 102 (1/ 2); Bouarfa, 0593350/3588688, 1120 m.s.a.l., 5-IV-2017, M. Chambouleyron (ECWP s.n. (HSSrf 93)).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFB1FFAD019AFF4DFEB24961	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFB6FFAD019AFD9DFE864F8C.text	B0360337FFB6FFAD019AFD9DFE864F8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipellula parviflora var. hoggarensis (Chter & Martinovsky) F. M. Vazquez	<div><p>Stipellula parviflora var. hoggarensis (Chter &amp; Martinovsky) F.M.Vázquez (Figure 66 (2)).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular or quadrangular long cells of (6–)8–24(–34) × 10–14(–16) µm, smooth to undulated walls up to 2 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells of (9–)12–18(–22) × 11– 16(–21) µm, circular to ovoid, occasionally elongated up to 28 µm wide, frequently solitary, occasionally in pairs or threes with cork cells, between long cells, density 54–66(–71) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (2–)5–9(–11) × 12–16(– 18) µm, fusiform to reniform, sporadic, in all cases with a silica cell. Spines and hairs: Hooks not studied; Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs 280–600(–700) µm long, circular base 10–16 µm, irregularly distributed across entire surface.</p><p>Lemma apical surface: Characterised by similar long cell morphology, wall characteristics and distribution, length to 75 µm. Short cells: Silica cells equal in size, morphology and distribution, low density up to 34 silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells of equal size, morphology, distribution and density. Spines and hairs: Hooks circular to ovoid base (16–)18–26(–28) × 7–9(–10) µm high, regularly distributed in rows, in pairs with silica cells, more frequently solitary, density 6–12 hooks/100 µm 2; Longer prickles circular to ovoid base up to 27 µm, and up to 46 µm long, solitary, distal end of the apex distributed with angulated prickles of lineal base 15–18(–22) × 4–6(–8) µm in the margin; density 10–18 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs equal size, morphology and distribution, more frequent at distal part of lemma apex, at the apex some Macro-hairs reach 150 µm.</p><p>Material studied: Algeria: Hoggar, montis Asekrem, 2600–2700 m.a.s.l., 19-III-1928, R . Maire (nº1330), MPU196599 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFB6FFAD019AFD9DFE864F8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFB6FFA1019AFAA0FC114D8A.text	B0360337FFB6FFA1019AFAA0FC114D8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand & Schinz 1894	<div><p>Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand &amp; Schinz (Figure 67).</p><p>Lemma dorsal surface: Characterised by rectangular long cells of (30–)50–80(–90) × 10–12(–14) µm, sinuous walls up to 7 µm thick, linear distribution. Short cells: main Silica cells (10–)12–14(–16) × 10–12 µm, circular to ovoid, frequent, solitary or with hooks, occasionally with cork cells, in pairs or threes between long cells, density (8–)10–12(– 14) silica cells/100 µm 2; Cork cells (3–)5–10 × 8–10 µm, fusiform to reniform, sporadic, in all cases with silica cells. Spines and hairs: Hooks ovoid to circular base (18–)20–30(–32) × 9–16(–18) µm high, irregularly distributed between long cells, in pairs or threes with silica cells, cork or additional hook cells, frequently solitary, density 6–12 hooks/100 µm 2); Prickles not studied; Macro-hairs not studied.</p><p>Lemma apex surface: Characterised by long cells similar to those of the dorsal area. Short cells: Silica cells of equal size, distribution, density and morphology to those of the dorsal area; Cork cells of equal size, and distribution to the dorsal. Spines and hairs: Hooks of equal size, morphology, and density to dorsal; Prickles circular to ovoid base 18–29(–32) × 16–25(–30) µm and up to 85 µm long, distributed at middle of apex, density 7 prickles/100 µm 2; Macro-hairs of circular to obovate base 25–35(–37) × 20–28(–30) µm and up to 160 µm long, located at distal part of apex and the appendix.</p><p>Material studied: Morocco: Tamsamane, 210 m. a.s.l., 5-V-2022, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.; Zaida, 1570 m.a.s.l., 15-V-2018, M . Chamboleyron, ECWP n.n.</p><p>Numerical taxonomy results</p><p>The results obtained for each of the analyses carried out are presented the following sections: micromorphological characters; macromorphological characters; overall analysis with all characters.</p><p>Micromorphological Characters</p><p>In the figure above it is possible to identify five clades in which all the taxa included in the study are grouped. Each of these clades is identified by the letters A, B, C, D, E, and in each of them includes groups in which a single genus is recognised, as in Clade E ( Macrochloa), Clade D ( Stipa), Clade A ( Achnatherum) and Clade C ( Ampelodesmos), while Clade B includes the remaining four genera studied ( Celtica, Oloptum, Piptatherum and Stipellula) (see Figure 68).</p><p>In this first analysis the results offer two major divisions within the Stipeae: those that include Stipa and Ampelodemos and the group that includes the rest of the genus.</p><p>The results of the analysis of the micromorphological characters of the lemma allowed the separation of a good number of the genera of the Stipeae in the N of Africa.</p><p>Based on the micromorphological characters of the lemma, the separation of the species within each of the genera is low: section-level separation has only been observed in Stipa and between species in genera such as Achnatherum and Stipellula .</p><p>Macromorphological Characters</p><p>The results of the analysis of the macromorphological characters partially coincide with those of the analysis of the micromorphological characters of the lemma (Figure 69):</p><p>Five clades were identified.</p><p>There are three clades that can be identified by combining a single genus: Clades C ( Ampelodesmos), D ( Stipa), and B ( Stipellula).</p><p>Clade E includes representatives of Celtica and Macrochloa, while Clade A includes together representatives of several genera: Achnatherum, Oloptum, Piptatherum and Stipellula .</p><p>The results of this analysis allowed a better differentiation of the taxa studied and the sections of the genus Stipa were separated again.</p><p>Global analysis of Micromorphological plus Macromorphological characters</p><p>As in the previous analyses, the results of the analysis of the sum of all the characters examined appeared in five clades. There are clades that systematically repeat the pattern of representing a single genus as in the case of clades C ( Ampelodesmos) and D ( Stipa), in addition to the inclusion of Clade E ( Macrochloa), previously differentiated in the micromorphological analysis (Figure 70).</p><p>Clades A and B again show results where several genera can be grouped. Clade A includes representatives of the genera Achnatherum, Oloptum, Piptatherum and Stipellula p.p., corresponding to Clade A proposed after the analysis of macromorphological characters, and Clade B includes taxa of the genera Celtica and Stipellula p.p ..</p><p>The previously indicated results are confirmed as it is possible to separate sections within the genus Stipa where the taxa studied can be easily discriminated in most cases.</p><p>Additional analysis of Clades A and B</p><p>The analyses carried out discriminating micromorphological and macromorphological characters of the lemma, and an overall analysis of all characters, have revealed a group of genera in Clades A and B with high levels of similarity but differences in distribution. For this reason, a separate analysis of these taxa was carried out, incorporating the total characters studied and introducing Clade E as an element showing high level of difference between these taxa (Figure 71).</p><p>The analysis of Clades A and B together with Clade E, shows a clearer separation of some of the taxa and it is possible to discriminate the genera Achnatherum, Celtica and Macrochloa homogeneously and with more than 0.3 units on the established scale.</p><p>The genera Piptatherum and Oloptum remain in the same clade and only P. fumeauxii shows a clear distance from the rest of the taxa. Stipellula maintains the trend of previous analyses, where S. parviflora is found in the Achnatherum, Piptatherum, Oloptum clade, while the rest of the taxa of Stipellula are grouped in the Celtica Clade. This analysis allowed a clearer separation of almost all species involved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFB6FFA1019AFAA0FC114D8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
B0360337FFBFFFA6019AFC39FE294E5F.text	B0360337FFBFFFA6019AFC39FE294E5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampelodesmos Link 1827	<div><p>Ampelodesmos discussion</p><p>There are no previous studies of this kind at the level of the lemma surface. The SEM micromorphology of the lemma surface of Ampleodesmus mauritanicus was studied and contrasted with the other N African Stipeae species studied. Proximity between Ampelodesmus and some of the Stipeae taxa studied was noted.</p><p>The morphology of the long cells is similar to that observed in members of the genus Macrochloa, with thick, sinuous walls up to 7 µm thick. The silica and cork cells are distributed in a regular manner, interspersed with long cells of similar appearance and dimensions to the short cells of the genus Celtica . However, the hooks and prickles in Ampelodesmus have a morphology, distribution and density that is partly reminiscent of some representatives of the genus Stipa such as those of the Stipa sect. Leiostipa .</p><p>No singularities in elements exclusive to Ampelodesmos were detected at the surface of the lemma. The combination of characters in Ampelodesmos is similar to those of the other three genera studied for N Africa. The micromorphological study of the surface of the lemma shows this combination of distinctive characters in the case of Ampelodesmos mauritanicus .</p><p>Overall discussion</p><p>The study of the micromorphology (SEM) of the lemma surface in Stipeae of N Africa has provided additional information that in many cases, supports the separation of taxa at the genus, section, specific or infraspecific level.</p><p>Of all the characters studied, long cells, hooks, prickles and silica cells were the elements that have provided the most information in terms of diversity of morphology, distribution and possible grouping with other elements studied. Characters such as stomata, cork cells, and macro-hairs have often been complementary on numerous occasions, supporting variations observed in other more diverse characters.</p><p>The presence of long, smooth-walled cells less than 2 µm thick facilitates the separation of several groups of taxa, including some with long cells less than 3 times as long as they are wide, and others in which the long cells are more than 4 times as long as they are wide. Taken together, groups with long cells&gt; 4 times as long as they are wide do not have hooks or prickles on the surface of the lemma (occasionally in Oloptum), as in Piptatherum and Celtica, whereas groups with long cells &lt;3 times as long as they are wide, which usually have prickles on the surface of the lemma, as in Stipellula or Achnatherum .</p><p>Thick-walled long cells, sinuous or wavy, usually occur in the Macrochloa and Celtica groups, and occasionally in Stipellula nitens, except in the latter where the surface of the lemma also has hooks and prickles, mainly at the apex, and clusters of at least three elements are continuously interspersed between the long cells: hook+ silica cell+ suberosal cell. The latter formation is reduced to silico-suberous pairs in the long cells of smooth-walled taxa.</p><p>Of all the elements and taxa studied, it is worth noting the singularities found, such as the unpointed hooks of Stipa almeriensis, the angulated prickles typical of Stipellula parviflora or the presence of stomata at the apex of the lemma of some of the members of the genus Macrochloa . All these singularities have been observed in some Stipeae from other latitudes, such as in the species of Stipa sect. Stipa from Central Asia (Nobis et al., 2014), where some representatives of the genus Austrostipa (Bustam, 2010) show the presence of angulated prickles on the surface of the lemma. The presence of stomata along the column has not been documented in Stipeae, although it has been documented in the subfamily Pooideae in some representatives of the genus Briza L. (Thomasson, 1986)</p><p>Numerical Taxonomy</p><p>It is necessary to make a general caveat about the contrast of these results with previous work. The results of this study would not be comparable with previous studies in which we have worked with information from molecular studies (Wiens, 2000).</p><p>The results found show the presence of homogeneous groups that repeatedly appear clearly separated from the rest, as the genus Ampelodesmos, a genus outside the Stipeae, but of hybrid origin in which a representative of the Stipeae participated, brings it closer in the results of several analyses to the genera Stipa, Celtica and Macrochloa . These results are not comparable with studies based on molecular data (Romaschesko et al., 2014) in which the similarity of Ampelodesmos to taxa of the groups Oryzopsis Michx. (p.p.), Psammochloa Hitchc., Achnatherum, Trikeraia Bor or Ptilagrostis Griseb. was demostrated, with the exception of Stipa zalesskii Wilensky ex P.A. Smirn. In previous studies of a greater number of representatives of the Stipeae, such as Romaschesko et al., 2012, or more recently Gallagheret et al., 2022, Ampelodesmos was in the same clade as Stipa, together with other previously indicated taxa ( Oryzopsis, Psammochloa Hitchc., Achnatherum, Trikeraia Bor and Ptilagrostis Griseb.). Our results are close to those of the two studies mentioned above.</p><p>Our results show the distance between the Macrochloa group and the rest of the taxa, even in the analysis of macromorphological characters which seemed to support a shared clade with Celtica, although with a distance between the two groups of 0.25. These results are similar to those obtained by Hamasha et al., 2012; Romaschesko et al., 2012, Tkach et al., 2021 and Gallagheret et al., 2022.</p><p>The clade that uniformly distinguishes the representatives of the genus Stipa gives us additional information about the diversity of the species it contains. The analysis allows us to distinguish the differences of the Macrochloa group from the section Stipa and, in a less defined way, the groups of serie Africanae and Section Leiostipa can be identified. However, the taxa of the Barbatae series, often appear integrated with those of the section Leiostipa . Similar results were obtained by Nobis et al., 2020, when studying the groups of the genus Stipa of Central Asia, where it was no possible to separate the species of the section Leiostipa and serie Barbata with a clear distance, while the representatives of the section Stipa appear clearly differentiated from the rest. These results allow us to justify more solidly the already established Sections Stipa and Leiostipa, as well as the new serie Africanae, while the series Barbatae will remain in section Leiostipa .</p><p>The clades that separate the taxa Achnatherum, Piptatherum, Oloptum, and Stipellula are those that have provided a greater diversity of results depending on the type of analysis performed. These results are similar those in the recent literature, supported by molecular studies (Romaschesko et al., 2012, Tkach et al., 2021 and Gallagheret et al., 2022).</p><p>In general, the Achnatherum group was distant from the other genera in all analyses: Oloptum, Piptatherum and Stipellula . In addition, the results for Stipellula were similar to those for Achnatherum, indicating a group that is easily separated, appearing distinctive after analysis of macromorphological characters, as well as in the case of Achnatherum, after micromorphological analysis.</p><p>Piptatherum and Oloptum share many morphological characters, which contrasts with the results from studies such as those by Hamasha et al., 2012; Romaschesko et al., 2012; Tkach et al., 2021 and Gallagheret et al., 2022. These contrasts indicate that the results obtained are limited, and should be treated with caution when compared with analyses supported by molecular studies.</p><p>The most disparate results found are those related to the genus Stipellula, since the species of this genus show great diversity after aggregation and similarity study. Usually, Stipellula magrebensis and Stipellula capensis appear close to the two previous species and Stipellula nitens somewhat distant, but in the same clade. However, Stipellula parviflora appeared outside the clade the genus Stipellula in all analyses and was generally closer to Achnatherum, Oloptum and Piptatherum .</p><p>These results were partly reflected in studies with previous molecular data by Hamasha et al., 2012; Romaschesko et al., 2012, partly in Krawczyk et al., 2022 and Romaschesko et al., 2014.</p><p>Stipellula parviflora appears in all analyses separate from the newly defined group of the genus Stipellula . In all cases, it appears to be integrated into the taxa clades of Achnatherum, Oloptum and Piptatherum, as previously indicated by Nobis et al., 2020 (sub Achnatherum parviflorum (Desf.) Nobis). However, its position is not clearly defined, and the study carried out is partial. Further studies are needed, including new taxa from other latitudes (e.g. S. tibestica, S. tigrensis), and new molecular characters are integrated, as well as possible taxa close to Stipellula parviflora . This would provide a more complete overview of the taxon and the group to which it belongs. With this in mind, Stipellula parviflora has been retained in the group in which it is currently accepted.</p><p>Aknowledgments</p><p>The work presented is the result of a collaboration between the Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX, Spain) and the Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation (ECWP). Some of the funds, data and samples used in this study were provided by the International Fund for Houbara Conservation (IFHC). We are grateful to His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates and founder of the IFHC, His Highness Sheikh Theyab bin Mohamed Al Nahyan, Chairman of the IFHC, and His Excellency Mohammed Ahmed Al Bowardi, Deputy Chairman, for their support. The study by the Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation in Morocco was conducted under the guidance of Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, a consulting company that manages the IFHC’s conservation programmes. We would like to thank Dr Frédéric Lacroix, Managing Director of Reneco, for his supervision and all Reneco staff who participated in the data collection. We would like to thank Dr Frédéric Lacroix, Managing Director of Reneco, for his supervision and all Reneco staff who participated in the data collection. Also, Jean-François Léger for their collaboration in the Moroccan recollections; special gratefulness to Mathieu Chambouleyron for their initial proposal: study the Moroccan stipoids; her constant help in the recollections, assistance in the visit of herbaria and review of the ecology and habitat of species. We would also like to express our gratitude to Cecile Aupic, P herbarium; Caroline Loup, MPU herbarium; Alain Doubignard, H-DOB herbarium; Fred W. Stauffer, Joel Calvo and Nicolas Fumeaux, G herbarium, Leopoldo Medina, MA herbarium, and finally to Bauer Norbert in the BP herbarium and the Natural History Museum of Budapest. We are grateful for their help and patience, and for the facilities provided during the study of the material preserved in these collections. To Dalil Amari (Algerian voucher localities), Abbès Tanji (collections in Western Morocco), Alicia Gil, Laura Nogales and Pedro Del Viejo, for help with the material processed in the HSS herbarium. Finally, thanks to Fergus Crystal for an English revision of the manuscript, together two anonymous reviews and Marcis Nobis than contributed to improve the quality of the work.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0360337FFBFFFA6019AFC39FE294E5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Francisco Maria;Márquez, Francisco;García, David;Oualidi, Jalal El	Vázquez, Francisco Maria, Márquez, Francisco, García, David, Oualidi, Jalal El (2025): A taxonomic revision of Stipeae s. l. tribe (Poaceae) in N Africa. Phytotaxa 699 (1): 1-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.699.1.1
