identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BB659F385B5D9D37FCB9F9B3FAE3F917.text	BB659F385B5D9D37FCB9F9B3FAE3F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Redfearnia J. T. Wynns, Bryologist	<div><p>Redfearnia J.T.Wynns, Bryologist 123: 641. 2020.</p><p>Type species:  Redfearnia homomallifolia (Redf.) J. T.Wynns.</p><p>Plants moderately small, in loose or compact mats, green or light green, glossy. Stems prostrate, irregularly to rather regularly pinnately branched, loosely to densely, terete or subcomplanate-foliate; branches flexuose or curved, terete, hyalodermis developed but sometimes incomplete, central strand weak; paraphyllia absent; proximal branch leaves surrounding branch primordia on stem lanceolate to ovate; axillary hairs 3-celled; rhizoids just below leaf insertion. Leaves from an erect base gradually reflexed to squarrose or erect-spreading, straight and homomallous to upturned-homomallous, ovate-lanceo-.</p><p>late, gradually or more or less abruptly tapered to the apex, gradually rounded to the base, not decurrent; margins plane, serrate all around by acute simple teeth and partly by ‘compound’ teeth, the ‘compound’ teeth rather perpendicular to the leaf margin, formed by projections of two cells; costa double or forked shortly above the base, short and weak, or occasionally with one branch extending to 0.5 the leaf length; laminal cells linear, rather thinwalled, smooth; alar cells quadrate to short rectangular, forming a small, indistinctly delimited group, leaf margins above alars with elongate hyaline cells. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves somewhat larger than the stem leaves, with a single costa reaching midleaf, margin serrulate, laminal cells smooth. Setae long. Capsules inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, arcuate, strongly contracted below the mouth when dry and empty; operculum conic to shortly rostrate; annulus separated by fragments; peristome double, complete, with long cilia. Spores 9–18 µm.</p><p>We refer  Redfearnia to the  Amblystegiaceae, because: (1) it belongs to this family in all but one of the singlemarker trees (Figs. 3–7); (2) it has proximal branch leaves occurring around dormant buds, whereas in the  Plagiotheciaceae branch primordia remain for a long time leafless or ‘naked’ [we avoid the term ‘pseudoparaphyllia,’ which is applied to non-homologous structures (Spirina et al., 2020)]; and (3) costa extending to mid-leaf in perichaetial leaves, whereas in the  Plagiotheciaceae costa in perichaetial leaves is absent or thin and indistinct. We failed to find in  Redfearnia any morphological features that would suggest its placement in  Plagiotheciaceae rather than in  Amblystegiaceae .</p><p>The differences between  Redfearnia baii and  Podperaea krylovii were discussed and illustrated by Ignatov &amp; Milyutina (2011): (1) laminal cells are smooth in  Redfearnia vs. distinctly prorate in  Podperaea; (2) simple teeth at the leaf margin prevail, while double teeth are few in  Redfearnia vs. double teeth prevail in  Podperaea; (3) the capsule is long when mature in  Redfearnia vs. short in  Podperaea .</p><p>The genus includes two species; their distinctions are listed in Table 3. The main differences seem to be the foliage pattern, leaf shape, and degree of leaf margin serration. In habit  Redfearnia homomallifolia is most similar to  Herzogiella turfacea, whereas  P. baii is easily confused with  Campylophyllopsis sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra.</p><p>1.  Redfearnia homomallifolia (Redf.) J.T.Wynns, Bryologist 123: 641. 2020. —  Isopterygium homomallifolium Redf., Bryologist 76(3): 440–442. 1973. —  Pseudotaxiphyllum homomallifolium (Redf.) Ireland, Caldasia 16(79): 267. 1991.</p><p>Described from USA, Texas (see type information in Wynns, 2020).</p><p>Illustrations and descriptions: Redfearn (1973); Ireland (1994); Ireland &amp; Buck (2009); Ireland (2014); Wynns (2020).</p><p>Distribution and Ecology: USA: Arizona (Cochise, Navajo, and Santa Cruz counties), New Mexico (Dońa Ana County), Texas (Kimble County); Mexico: Sonora. At 1400-2000 m elev., on rocks and under rock ledges.</p><p>2.  Redfearnia baii (Ignatov) J.T.Wynns, Bryologist 123: 641. 2020. —  Podperaea baii Ignatov, Arctoa 20: 115. 2011. Fig. 9.</p><p>Described from China, Inner Mongolia (see type information in Ignatov &amp; Milyutina, 2011).</p><p>Illustrations and descriptions: Zhao et al. (2006); Bai (2010); Ignatov &amp; Milyutina (2011).</p><p>Distribution and Ecology: At present  Redfearnia baii is known from five areas (specimens are listed in Table 1), three in China and two in Russia.</p><p>1. China, Inner Mongolia, Manchan Mts. (Figs. 10A– C). The range is elevated ca. 500 m above the nearby lowland. Its slopes are under reforestation with  Picea crassifolia Kom. The foothills have  Pinus and xeric shrub vegetation, at ca. 1800 m becoming hemiboreal  Betula forest with  Lonicera, Sambucus, Convallaria, Pyrola, Trientalis, Pulmonaria, Vicia, Moehringia, etc.;  Redfearnia baii grows on a soil bank along a trail with  Tortula subulata Hedw.,  Encalypta cf. rhaptocarpa Schwägr.,  Fissidens cf. bryoides Hedw., and  Amblystegium . It was collected in May with very young sporophytes.</p><p>2. China, Inner Mongolia, Helan Mts. We did not see specimens from Helan Shan, alt. 1900 m, cited as # HQ 269 in Zhao et al. (2006), but according to the illustrations in Bai (2010) and Zhao et al. (2006), it is this species. The most common type of pine forest at this elevation, where collection was likely done, is shown in Fig. 10 D–E. For more about the forest of this area see Bai et al. (2011).</p><p>3. China, Inner Mongolia,  Hohhot, on lawn near university, ca. 1100 m.</p><p>4. Russia, Khakassia, Abakan River, ca. 550 m;  R. baii was collected in a flood valley with  Populus stands, on rocks and on a soil bank at the base of a slope of the valley, in shade of trees (Fig. 10F–G).</p><p>5. Russia, Altai, Chulyshman valley, ca. 550 m., steppe slope with scattered shrubs and rock outcrops;  Redfearnia baii grows on soil near rocks, and often close to shrub trunks, especially those that provide deep shade under their canopies (Fig. 11);  Rhododendron ledebourii Pojark.,  Caragana arborescens Lam., and  Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Schult. are the most common shrub species, where we collected  Redfearnia baii in this area.</p><p>The common feature of all these areas is that they are rather xeric and therefore poor in bryophytes. Mosses are scattered and occur as scanty patches, and since these places are well exposed to sun, they often look depauperate and non-attractive for bryophyte collectors. It seems likely that  Redfearnia baii (and maybe  R. homomallifolia as well) will be found in many more localities after intentional search, which these plants deserve.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB659F385B5D9D37FCB9F9B3FAE3F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ignatov, M. S.;Kuznetsova, O. I.	Ignatov, M. S., Kuznetsova, O. I. (2021): A further range extension of Redfearnia (Bryophyta, Amblystegiaceae), with new data on its phylogenic position. Arctoa 30 (1): 25-42, DOI: 10.15298/arctoa.30.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.30.03
