taxonID	type	description	language	source
E677F7CDF62DB878A160FBA721448ECF.taxon	description	Description. Robust, blind (eye not developed, Fig. 7), unpigmented cavefish typically reaching between 60 - 80 mm in adult standard length. Head large (about 1 / 4 body length) flat dorsally but broad; head widest part of body. Body widest at operculum, narrows to caudal fin. Body rectangular, dorsal and vertical profile of body nearly symmetrical; deepest point at dorsal-fin origin. Fleshy protuberance present anterior to dorsal-fin origin; similar protuberance at anal-fin origin. Body narrows posterior to dorsal- and anal-fin origins, narrowest point at midpoint of caudal peduncle. Body plump, wrinkly in appearance (as in Bibendum) prominent deep myomeres present. Deep groove on ventral side of body from operculum and anus to pelvic fin. Scales inconspicuous and cycloid. Superficial mechanosensory neuromasts on papillae (Eigenmann 1909, Niemiller and Poulson 2010) present in rows of 5 - 30 on head. Papillae concentrated at mouth; fewer posteriorly on head. Most rows of papillae vertical, far fewer horizontal. Horizontal rows typically connect two to four other vertical rows. Most mechanosensory papillae on dorsal side of head concentrated and aligned posterior to, or between, nares. No mechanosensory papillae in central area of dorsal region of head. Papillae present dorsal to braincase in two horizontal rows. No lateral line on body. Mechanosensory papillae on body much smaller than those on head and aligned in vertical rows; some scattered papillae near dorsal-fin base. Inconspicuous papillae present on caudal fin in horizontal rows of two or three in both dorsal and ventral half of fin, vertical row present at base. Anterior nares small, tube shaped; posterior nares slightly larger with small anterior flap, but otherwise circular. Lips somewhat thin and fleshy. Lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw. Vertical through dorsal-fin origin between more anterior pelvic-fin origin and more posterior anal-fin origin. Anal-fin and dorsal-fin insertions near same vertical plane. All fins relatively short and rounded. Anus located anteriorly on body, behind isthmus of united gill membranes (i. e., jugular). Caudal skeleton upturned and asymmetrical (externally appearing homocercal), with last half centrum (preural 1 + ural 1) including hypural (3 - X; following Rosen 1962) and entirely associated with dorsal half of caudal fin. Five or six principal caudal-fin rays supported by each hypural plate (ventral hypural 1 + 2; again following Rosen 1962). Branchiostegals six in number, robust and prominent. Papilliform flap at dorsal origin of operculum. Six or seven gill rakers on ceratobranchial of first gill arch. Rakers short, stubby and denticulated. Central and upper tooth plates also heavily denticulated. Buccal teeth villiform, in three to five rows. Individual teeth unicuspid, slender and long; teeth deeply embedded in mouth so only top 1 / 3 visible. Teeth recumbent, particularly those on upper jaw. Palatine and vomerine teeth also present. Body uniformly depigmented, including inside mouth. Body pinkish-white, reddish near gills, fins transparent. In alcohol, body color uniformly yellowish / beige, fins opaque yellow.	en	Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Prejean, Jacques A., Niemiller, Matthew L. (2014): The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana. ZooKeys 412: 41-57, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245
E677F7CDF62DB878A160FBA721448ECF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet hoosieri is in reference to this species being from the state of Indiana. It is also a reference to Indiana University, where biologist Carl H. Eigenmann was a Professor of Zoology and studied blind cave vertebrates, including populations of Amblyopsis hoosieri in Lawrence County just to the south of Bloomington (Eigenmann 1909). Indiana University was also home to the Father of American Ichthyology, David Starr Jordan, for most of his illustrious career. We derive the specific epithet from the proper noun " Hoosier. " Notably, the senior author of the manuscript is a fervent fan of Indiana Hoosier basketball while the first author is an alumni of the University of Michigan and is not. Suggested common name, Hoosier Cavefish.	en	Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Prejean, Jacques A., Niemiller, Matthew L. (2014): The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana. ZooKeys 412: 41-57, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245
E677F7CDF62DB878A160FBA721448ECF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Amblyopsis hoosieri occurs in caves developed in carbonate rock of the Crawford-Mammoth Cave Uplands and Mitchell Plain in the South-Central karst region of Indiana (Fig. 2) within the area that remained ice free throughout the Pleistocene Epoch (Woods and Inger 1957, Frushour 2012). Caves within the distribution of Amblyopsis hoosieri are primarily developed in Mississippian-aged limestones and carbonates belonging to the St. Louis and St. Genevieve Limestone (Frushour 2012). The northernmost locality occurs 16 km from the glacial maxima of the Illinoian glaciation. The distribution of Amblyopsis hoosieri is bounded to the north by the East Fork White River and the south by the Ohio River. The species has been documented from at least 74 localities in Crawford, Harrison, Lawrence, Orange and Washington counties, including 68 cave systems and six springs (Keith 1988, Pearson and Boston 1995, Lewis 2002 a, Niemiller and Poulson 2010, Niemiller et al. 2013 d). Amblyopsis hoosieri is known from the Lower White, Lower East Fork White, Patoka and Blue-Sinking watersheds.	en	Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Prejean, Jacques A., Niemiller, Matthew L. (2014): The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana. ZooKeys 412: 41-57, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245
