identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C90587B2FFEAE94E86C2FD78FD950F17.text	C90587B2FFEAE94E86C2FD78FD950F17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudonortonia bacca Selis 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudonortonia bacca nov.sp. (Fig. 1) </p>
            <p> M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype: ♁, labeled " Namibia: KATIMA MULILO DIST. / Salambala forest / 17°50’02"S 24°36’20"E / 23-29.xii.2002 / A.H.&amp; M.K. Kirk-Spriggs / Malaise traps // Namibian National / Insect Collection. / National Museum. / P.O. Box 1203. / Windhoek, Namibia [light blue label] //  Pseudonortonia bacca / HOLOTYPUS ♁ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] (NMNW). Paratype: Waterberg District, Platriver, 1.xi.1903, leg. R. v. Jutrencha, 1♀ (MSVI). </p>
            <p> D i a g n o s i s:  Pseudonortonia bacca belongs to a group of species characterized by: elongate mesosoma, propodeal valvula forming a more or less rectangular lobe mostly free from the submarginal carina, transverse carina of T1 projecting in the middle, post-carinal area of T1 at most as long as apically wide, and female vertex tuberculate and strongly sloping behind ocellar triangle. In this group,  P. bacca is closely related to  P. arnoldi , from which it is differentiated by: smaller size, brighter and richer yellow and red pattern, integuments generally shinier, clypeus emarginate at apex and with less convex surface (Figs 1 C-1D), female vertex concave and with sharper tubercles (Fig. 1H), mesosoma more elongate, subquadrate scutellum, posterior face of propodeum obliquely striate, transverse carina of T1 semicircular in the portion above spiracles, disc of T1 with sparser and larger punctures (Figs 1 I-1J), T2 and S2 less bulging basally, S2 not depressed behind basal bulge, male aedeagus not strongly modified (Fig. 1K). </p>
            <p>D e s c r i p t i o n:</p>
            <p>Male (Figs 1A, 1E). Body length: 5.5 mm; fore wing length: 5.0 mm. Head 1.2 times as wide as high. Clypeus as long as wide; strongly and evenly convex, with a pair of weak blunt carinae running almost parallel to the lateral margin of the free apical part; apical margin shallowly emarginate and narrow, 0.2 times as wide as clypeus, lateral teeth short and obtuse but with pointed apex (Fig. 1C). Vertex weakly convex but sloping to occipital carina, 1.75 times as long as the distance between ocellus and eye margin; gena slightly more than half as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, becoming very narrow and almost linear in ventral half, posterior margin very weakly rounded; occipital carina complete, stronger on gena and on middle of vertex, very weak on sides of vertex, somewhat reflexed on vertex. Antenna short, F1 1.6 times as long as wide, F2 slightly longer than wide, F3-8 subquadrate but becoming progressively shorter apically, F11 small and digitiform, almost straight and weakly flattened on ventrolateral surface, apex rounded and reaching apical margin of F8 (Fig. 1G). Mesosoma elongate, 1.45 times as long as wide. Pronotum in dorsal view with nearly straight and anteriorly converging sides, humerus obtuse; pronotal carina complete and sharp throughout, shortly lamellate on dorsal face, slightly sinuate on humerus but otherwise evenly rounded from side to side; anterior face of pronotum with a barely marked pit in the middle; dorsal face of pronotum convex and smoothly passing into lateral faces. Mesoscutum slightly longer than wide; parategula claw-shaped and strongly curved, the pointed apex is placed more medially than the base. Tegula with maximum width in the middle, posterior lobe acute and pointed, not equaling parategula. Scutellum subquadrate, anterior margin with a small median incision. Metanotum with slightly bulging anterior margin forming a very short anterior oblique face, posterior face almost entirely vertical. Mesepisternum generally convex; furrows shallow but coarsely crenate, especially on the short portion on epicnemium; epicnemial carina distinct and sharp but very low, not exceeding transverse furrow. Metaepisternum with a sharp transverse carina near upper margin. Propodeum short, in dorsal view about as long as the metanotum; dorsal faces weakly convex and strongly sloping, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral face flattened except for pit formed between submarginal and inferior carina; posterior face depressed but not clearly separated from other faces, ventrally forming a pair of "pockets" delimited posteriorly by the submarginal carina; dorsal, lateral and inferior carinae barely developed, submarginal carina produced in a long and narrow pointed projection; propodeal valvula produced in a subrectangular lobe and not completely fused to submarginal carina. T1 trapezoidal in dorsal view, with basal margin corresponding to the basal transverse carina and much narrower than apical margin, sides weakly but distinctly converging anteriorly; post-carinal area in dorsal view about 0.75 times as long as its apical width, in lateral view forming an even curve with the pre-carinal area interrupted by the carina, convex in basal half and then shallowly depressed; transverse basal carina slightly exceeding spiracles posteriorly, weakly pointed in the middle; apical margin shallowly inflated. T2 about as long as wide and much wider than T1, with markedly rounded sides; in lateral view, strongly convex basally and then almost straight to apex; apical margin with a very narrow hyaline border (Fig. 1I). S2 bulging basally and then almost flattened to apex.</p>
            <p>Clypeus silky-shiny and almost smooth, with very sparse barely-visible punctures. Head and mesosoma with shallow large punctures, interspaces very shiny; punctures separated by less than their diameter on frons, becoming much sparser on gena and mostly disappearing on vertex; pronotum and mesoscutum punctured similar to frons, but punctures slightly larger and separated by about their diameter; scutellum and metanotum with much sparser punctures; mesepisternum with sparse deeper punctures, except on epimeron where punctures are dense. Dorsal faces of propodeum with large and shallow flat-bottomed cells, separated by narrow ridges; metaepisternum and lateral face of propodeum finely microstriate and shagreened, silky-shiny, with few very shallow cells on upper margin; posterior face of propodeum very shiny, with barely visible short oblique striae and scattered punctures. T1 smooth and shiny, with large shallow oblique punctures, sparser on sides and denser on mid-line and preapical area. T2 with dense fine micropunctures and shiny, punctures oblique and shallow but well-marked, very sparse basally and becoming progressively denser apically; preapical area with a series of larger and coarser punctures. T3 with deep and dense punctures, becoming progressively sparser and finer on following tergites, interspaces shagreened. S1 with irregular nearly longitudinal carinae. S2-5 similar to respective tergites, but punctures larger and sparser. S6 entirely micropunctate. S7 sparsely micropunctate basally and with sparse fine punctures apically. Head and mesosoma with short silvery setae, longer on frons and pronotum; angles of propodeum with dense and long fine white setae; metasoma with very short pale pubescence, S7 with scattered erect setae on whole surface.</p>
            <p>Black; following parts pale yellow: clypeus except narrow black borders, interantennal space, lower face of scape, suffusion on basal half of mandible, indistinct elongate spots on middle of pronotum, small spot on projection of submarginal carina, narrow apical band on T1, wider bands on T2 and S2, indistinct basal spot on fore tibia, apex of fore and mid tibia, all basitarsi; following parts red: anterior face of pronotum, broad anterior band and narrow posterior margin on pronotum, tegula, parategula, T1 except pre-carinal area and indistinct median marking, S1, legs; lower face of flagellum and whole F11 orange; T3-7 and S3-7 dark brown. Wings hyaline, with weakly browned costal margin and apex of marginal cell.</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 1B, 1F). Body length: 9.5 mm; fore wing length: 8.0 mm. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.1 times as long as wide, less convex in lateral view, densely micropunctate with sparse fine but well-marked punctures (Fig. 1D); F2-9 wider than long; vertex 1.85 times as long as distance between posterior ocellus and eye margin, shallowly depressed and more strongly swollen, deeply furrowed along occipital carina, with a pair of close dentiform tubercles between posterior ocelli (Fig. 1H); mesosoma 1.6 times as long as wide; mesoscutum longer than wide; scutellum less convex; metanotum with anterior margin less raised; T1 with sharper carina and more converging sides (Fig. 1J); punctures of head and mesosoma generally deeper and denser, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter and less shiny; punctures of metasoma generally denser; vestiture more golden.</p>
            <p>Black; following parts red: clypeus, mandible, scape and pedicel, anterior face of pronotum, broad anterior band and narrow posterior margin on pronotum, tegula, most of T1 except pre-carinal area and longitudinal band on post-carinal area, legs (with darkened mid and hind tibia); following parts pale orange: medially interrupted basal band on clypeus, elongate spots along longitudinal carinae of clypeus, elongate spot on interantennal space; following parts yellow to pale yellow: dot on upper part of gena, indistinct elongate spots on middle of pronotum, parategula, projections of submarginal carina, narrow apical band of T1, wider apical band of T2 and S2; apical half of T3-4 and S3-4, and whole T5-6 and S5-6, ferruginous-red. Wings hyaline, with weakly browned costal margin and apex of marginal cell.</p>
            <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n: Namibia: Zambezi; South Africa: Limpopo.</p>
            <p>Etymology: Feminine noun in apposition, meaning ‘berry’, in reference to the rounded, red and shiny T1, reminiscent of a berry.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C90587B2FFEAE94E86C2FD78FD950F17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Two new species of Pseudonortonia GIORDANI SOIKA, 1936 from Southern Africa (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 56 (1): 337-345, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14681669
C90587B2FFE8E94886C2FAAFFF0A0C65.text	C90587B2FFE8E94886C2FAAFFF0A0C65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudonortonia quadra Selis 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudonortonia quadra nov.sp. (Fig. 2) </p>
            <p> M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype: ♀, labeled "Durban, / Natal / 18.3.1922 / C. N. Barker / Bluff // N. [indecifrable] / quadrata n.sp. / Giordani Doika det. 193 // PARATYPUS [red label] //  Pseudonortonia quadra / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] (MSNVE). </p>
            <p> D i a g n o s i s:  Pseudonortonia quadra belongs to the same group as  P. bacca , already characterized in the diagnosis of the latter. In this group,  P. quadra is closely related to  P. depressa , from which it is differentiated by: proportionally shorter head, clypeus shorter and more narrowly emarginate, macropunctures of clypeus deeper and larger (Fig. 2C), vertex with a single median tubercle between posterior ocelli (Figs 2 C-2D), gena narrower and with nearly straight occipital carina, punctures of mesosoma much sparser, pronotal carina stronger and well evident for whole length, posterior lobe of tegula wider and more rounded on outer margin, propodeal shelf shorter in the middle, dorsal carinae of propodeum much more developed in dorsal half but all other carinae nearly absent, metasoma with much shallower and sparser punctures, especially on T1 (Fig. 2E), apex of T2 somewhat depressed and with a wide impunctate area, S2 more convex basally. </p>
            <p>D e s c r i p t i o n:</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 2 A-2B). Body length: 7.0 mm; fore wing length: 6.0 mm. Head 1.1 times as wide as high. Clypeus as long as wide; weakly and evenly convex, smoothly passing into interantennal space, disc separated from sides by a pair of longitudinal shallow folds that exceed the middle of the clypeus; apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.25 times as wide as clypeus, lateral teeth slightly pointing outward but rounded at apex; lateral margin of free apical part with a shallowly reflexed lamella in basal half (Fig. 2C). Area between posterior ocelli with an anteroposteriorly compressed median tubercle, slightly pointing forward; vertex 1.8 times as long as the distance between ocellus and eye margin, strongly sloping from ocelli to occipital carina (Fig. 2D); gena about half as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, with nearly straight posterior margin; occipital carina complete and sharp throughout, preceded by a shallow furrow on vertex. Antenna very short, F1 weakly longer than wide, F2 subquadrate, F3-9 markedly wider than long and becoming progressively shorter except for F9. Mesosoma elongate and 1.75 times as long as wide, subcylindrical. Pronotum in dorsal view with weakly convex and subparallel sides, humerus very obtuse, almost evenly rounded; pronotal carina complete and well visible for whole length, sharper on dorsal face, almost evenly rounded from side to side except for very weak sinuosity on humerus; anterior face of pronotum with a transverse elliptical fovea in the middle, just below pronotal carina; dorsal face of pronotum convex and smoothly passing into lateral face, median area between mesoscutum and pronotal carina somewhat convex, therefore the pronotal carina is placed below level of mesoscutum. Mesoscutum distinctly longer than wide, anterolateral margins strongly converging anteriorly; parategula claw-shaped and strongly curved, the pointed apex is placed more medially than the base. Tegula with maximum width in the anterior half, posterior lobe weakly acute and equaling parategula, with rounded outer margin. Scutellum longer than wide and flattened, smoothly passing into mesoscutum and metanotum, anterior margin with a median pit. Metanotum very small and weakly oblique, with somewhat convex basal angles. Mesepisternum generally weakly convex, but strongly projecting posteroventrally; furrows very shallow and crenate; epicnemial carina distinct but dull below transverse furrow, replaced by an indistinct fold of the surface above the furrow. Metaepisternum with a sharp transverse carina near upper margin. Propodeum elongate, in dorsal view about as long as scutellum; dorsal faces weakly convex and forming an horizontal shelf, which is medially depressed and shorter than metanotum; lateral face flattened except for pit formed between submarginal and inferior carina; posterior face sharply delimited and concave, mid-line with a sharp longitudinal carina; dorsal carinae of propodeum sharp in dorsal half, disappearing below, lateral carinae barely indicated, ventral carina sharp but little visible, submarginal carina produced in a long and narrow pointed projection, not fused with ventral carina; propodeal valvula produced in a subrectangular lobe and not completely fused to submarginal carina. T1 trapezoidal in dorsal view, with basal margin corresponding to the basal transverse carina and narrower than apical margin, sides weakly but distinctly converging anteriorly; post-carinal area in dorsal view medially shorter than apically wide, in lateral view almost forming an even curvature with the pre-carinal area, then shallowly depressed in posterior half; transverse basal carina connecting spiracles but not continuing after them, roundly projecting in the middle; apical margin very shallowly inflated.T2 longer than wide and wider than T1, with sides mostly subparallel; weakly and evenly convex on lateral view, with somewhat depressed preapical area; apical margin slightly thickened and crenulate (Fig. 2E). S 2 in lateral view basally more convex than T2, then of similar curvature; base of S2 somewhat depressed in the middle.</p>
            <p>Clypeus with very sparse small deep punctures and micropunctate interspaces, micropunctures sparser on disc; some very weak longitudinal rugosities are observed in the apical half. Head, pronotum and mesoscutum densely and deeply punctate, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter but always distinct and shiny, finely micropunctate. Scutellum more sparsely punctured than mesoscutum. Metanotum with few scattered deep punctures, leaving the basal angles completely smooth. Mesepisternum shiny, very densely micropunctate with few scattered deep punctures, all interspaces equal to several puncture diameters, only epimeron very densely punctate with ridge-line interspaces. Metaepisternum mostly smooth an shiny, with crenate anterior margin. Dorsal faces of propodeum with large and shiny flat-bottomed cells, interspaces narrow to ridge-like but always microstriate and matte; lateral face with cells similar to dorsal face but much shallower, anteroventral corner with very fine transverse striae; posterior face shiny and finely obliquely striate. T1 with very sparse and shallow punctures, forming a somewhat denser preapical series. T2 with oblique punctures, slightly finer and deeper than those on T1, interspaces at most slightly exceeding puncture diameter and densely micropunctate; preapical area with much larger and denser punctures. T3 sculpted similar to preapical area of T2, but punctures sparser. T4-5 with sparse fine punctures. S1 irregularly rugose on posterior enlarged part. S2-5 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser and deeper. T6 and S6 densely micropunctate. Head and upper face of mesosoma with short reddish-golden pubescence, denser on vertex; sides and base of clypeus and sides of mesosoma with very short silvery pubescence; posterolateral angles of propodeum with longer and fine white setae; metasoma with very short brownish pubescence, some short oblique setae on S2-5.</p>
            <p>Black; following parts yellow: oblique lines on apical half of clypeus, vertical line on interantennal space, small spot on upper part of gena, large basal triangle on mandible, narrow transverse line on median third of pronotum, anterior angles of metanotum, pointed projections of submarginal carina, apical bands on T1-3 (wider on T2) and S2-3, indistinct basal line on fore tibia; following parts red: apical margin of clypeus, scape, narrow posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, apex of parategula, sides of T1, most of S1, indistinct apical margin of T4-5 and S4-5; flagellum orange on ventral face; legs brownred. Wings fusco-hyaline, with weak brassy reflections.</p>
            <p>Male. Unknown.</p>
            <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n: South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal.</p>
            <p>E t y m o l o g y: The examined specimen was labeled as paratype of " Nortonia quadrata " by Giordani Soika. Since the holotype designated by Giordani Soika could not be located, a similar but different name is provided to avoid mixing up "true" and "false" types.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C90587B2FFE8E94886C2FAAFFF0A0C65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Two new species of Pseudonortonia GIORDANI SOIKA, 1936 from Southern Africa (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 56 (1): 337-345, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14681669
C90587B2FFECE94586C2FC31FD640B61.text	C90587B2FFECE94586C2FC31FD640B61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudonortonia arnoldi GIORDANI SOIKA 1936	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudonortonia arnoldi GIORDANI SOIKA, 1936</p>
            <p> Pseudonortonia arnoldi GIORDANI SOIKA 1936: 268 , ♁ – "Umtali Distr. S. Rhodesia " (SAMC). </p>
            <p> Pareumenes carpenteri GUSENLEITNER 2012a: 523, 532, figs 19-21, ♀ (in subgenus  Pareumenoides ) – " RSA, Maputoland, SW of Emanguzi" (OLML). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>  M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype of Pareumenes carpenteri: ♀, labeled " HOLOTYPUS [red label] // RSA, MAPUTOLAND / SW of EMANGUZI / 29. 1. 2003 / leg. M. Snížek //  Pareumenoides / carpenteri nov. spec. ♀ / J. Gusenleitner, det.2011 / Holotypus // Biologiezentrum Linz, / Austria (LI) / ex Coll. J. Halada / Eingang 2003" (OLML). Democratic Republic of Congo: Katanga, Kiniama, 2.x.1960, leg. A. Mochi, 1♀ (MSVI). Zimbabwe: Glenlivet, 8.xi.1955, 1♀ (MSNVE); Sabi Valley, iii.1939, 1♀ (MSNVE);  Umtali District , 16.x.1931, leg. P.A. Sheppard, 1♁ (MSNVE, paralectotype of  P. arnoldi ). </p>
            <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n: Democratic Republic of Congo *; South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal; Zimbabwe (GIORDANI SOIKA 1936, 1941, GUSENLEITNER 2012a).</p>
            <p> N o t e s GUSENLEITNER (2012a) described  Pareumenoides as a new subgenus to accommodate Pareumenes carpenteri, a species characterized by shape of T1, presence of a sharp transverse carina on T1, and rounded propodeum. Examination of the holotype of Pareumenes carpenteri showed how this taxon does not present any character compatible with the placement in Pareumenes. The following characters exclude Pareumenes and allow considering  Pareumenoides as a synonym of  Pseudonortonia : long and narrow mandible, mesosoma not dorsoventrally depressed, propodeum lacking median basal fovea, propodeum with submarginal carina produced in a pointed lobe, propodeal valvula not completely fused with submarginal carina, and T1 strongly carinate and much narrower than T2. Moreover, comparison of the mentioned holotype with specimens of  Pseudonortonia arnoldi , including a paralectotype, did not allow finding any difference, leading to the synonymy of Pareumenes carpenteri. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C90587B2FFECE94586C2FC31FD640B61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Two new species of Pseudonortonia GIORDANI SOIKA, 1936 from Southern Africa (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 56 (1): 337-345, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14681669
