taxonID	type	description	language	source
D31D87931C7AFFF7A63EFD01FB5965A6.taxon	etymology	Etymology — The generic name honors Edward Warren Greenwood (1918 – 2002), assiduous Canadian explorer and photographer of Mexican cacti and orchids, eventually becoming a resident in the city of Oaxaca for over 20 yr. Ed was an enthusiastic mentor, collaborator, and life-long friend of many contemporary students of the Mexican orchids, having himself contributed with numerous specimens, line drawings, photographs, and publications of little-known terrestrial taxa (see Light et al. 2003).	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7AFFF4A5CBF882FB246786.taxon	description	Terrestrial, acaulescent herb 23 – 47 cm in height including the inflorescence. Roots 2 – 4 per shoot, tuberous, subspherical to cylindrical-fusiform, dull yellow, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, 10 – 65 mm long, 6 – 15 mm in diameter, united to the clump of roots of the previous shoot by a terete, whitish rhizome to ca. 30 mm long, 1.2 – 2.4 mm in diameter. Leaves usually 1 per shoot, less commonly 2 but then the second (uppermost) leaf distinctly smaller than the first one; deciduous, withered at flowering time, distinctly petiolate, in fresh condition fleshy, lustrous, petiole green suffused with purple, blade deep green and rugose (because of the slightly prominent veins) on the upper surface, grayish with purple suffusion and smooth on the underside, margins translucent; petiole channeled, 20 – 30 mm long, 2 – 2.5 mm wide; blade ovate to elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, base broadly rounded, 32 – 44 mm long, 26 – 33 mm wide. Inflorescence erect; scape terete, olive green to greenish red, glabrous below, sparsely glandular-pubescent above (trichomes short, septate, translucent with yellowish apical cell), partially covered by 5 – 10 tubular, strict, glabrous bracts, these green or green suffused with red (often distinctly reddish in dried condition), ovate, acuminate, 4.2 – 10. 5 mm long; raceme laxly few-flowered (2 – 15 in the specimens examined), most flowers directed more or less toward the same side (but not strictly secund), 3 – 15 cm long. Floral bracts ascending, glabrous, green with reddish tip, lanceolate, acuminate, 6 – 7. 5 mm long. Flowers resupinate, shortly tubular-campanulate, slightly descending, opening in succession until several of them are open simultaneously; dorsal sepal deep green on the proximal 2 / 3, becoming paler towards the apex, sometimes suffused with red; lateral sepals pale green near the base, turning paler toward the apex, sometimes suffused with red; petals brownish, labellum white with a large yellow area covering most of the proximal two thirds. Ovary ascending, fusiform, obliquely arching at apex, slightly twisted, green to greenish red, sparsely glandular-pubescent (trichomes shortly clavate, with the translucent apical cell prominent), 4 – 8 mm long, 1.2 – 2.1 mm in diameter. Sepals slightly inflated at base, free; dorsal sepal erect, externally pubescent as the ovary on the proximal half, slightly concave-channeled, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, the very apex slightly incurved, three-veined, 3.5 – 6. 5 mm long, 2 – 2.8 mm wide; lateral sepals erect, slightly incurved, externally pubescent as the ovary near the base, oblong-triangular, slightly oblique, obtuse, three-veined, 3.5 – 6. 8 mm long, 1.8 – 2.2 mm wide. Petals erect, slightly concave-channeled, adhered for most of their length to the dorsal sepal, spathulatefalcate, rounded, sometimes shortly apiculate, one-veined, 4 – 6 mm long, 1 – 1.6 mm wide. Labellum erect with the distal third slightly deflexed, shortly clawed, shortly and broadly pandurate, with 7 main veins, 5.0 – 6. 3 mm total length, claw ca. 0.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; hypochile more or less quadrate, ca. 3.5 mm long and 4.1 mm wide, with a broad sinus on each lateral margin and a rounded, retrorse lobule at each side of the base, these ending in a slightly raised, papillose thickening (nectar gland), blade with a prominently papillose, transverse ridge slightly below the middle, the papillae diminishing in size towards the claw, the surface above the transverse ridge smooth; epichile semiorbicular, ca. 2.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, deeply emarginate, conduplicate at apex in natural position, papillose throughout, margins crenulate. Column shortly clavate, straight, ventrally pubescent, 2.8 – 3.5 mm long, column foot conspicuous, ca. 1 mm long; rostellum abbreviated, upon removal of the pollinarium consisting of a narrow, transverse flap with a triangular central tooth and two smaller lateral teeth. Anther ovate, acute, brownish, with fleshy connective; pollinarium ca. 0.4 mm long, consisting of two deeply cleft, oblong pollinia united to a massive, oblong-ovate viscidium. Capsule ellipsoid, 12 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter. Figures 1, 5.	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7AFFF4A5CBF882FB246786.taxon	etymology	Etymology — The specific epithet, deserticola, refers to the distribution of this species on the eastern margin of the Chihuahuan Desert.	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7AFFF4A5CBF882FB246786.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Habitat — This species is known only from two locations, one in the area of Miquihuana, Sierra Madre Oriental, Tamaulipas, and another in the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, southern Texas. However, there are extensive areas with potentially suitable habitat between these two localities, and it is likely that further exploration will reveal its presence in the intervening ranges in Coahuila and Nuevo León. It lives in sandy loam soil covered with leaf litter in areas with xerophilous scrub dominated by rosette-leaved plants such as Dasylirion miquihuanense Bogler and Agave gentryi B. Ullrich, with patches of Quercus sp. and Pinus nelsonii Shaw, and in oak-juniper-pinyon woodland, at 2,100 – 2,300 m elevation. It has often been found occurring in the shade of large plants of Agave and Dasilyrion. Considering its very limited known distribution in Big Bend National Park, the U. S. National Park Service is drafting a Conservation Plan for the newly discovered species. While the remoteness of the known locations might minimize the threats of trampling and collection in both the U. S. A. and Mexico, official conservation planning is a prudent step to safeguard the species for which additional locations are currently unknown. Phenology — Flowering recorded in the field from March to May, and in cultivation in January and March. Mature dehiscing fruits that had already dispersed the seeds were observed in the field in mid-July (Fig. 1 J).	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7AFFF4A5CBF882FB246786.taxon	discussion	Remarks — Greenwoodiella deserticola is distinguishable from its relatives at once by the proportionately short flowers, labellum with a large yellow blotch on the hypochile, five green veins on the epichile, proportionately short and broad labellum about as long as wide and provided with a fleshy, transverse ridge below the middle, and deeply emarginate epichile (Figs. 1, 5). Additional Specimens Examined — MEXICO. Tamaulipas: municipio Miquihuana, Sierra de Miquihuana, 4.5 km al NW de la Colonia Agrícola La Peña, camino a Las Cabañas, matorral rosetófilo de Dasylirion miquihuanense, 2,122 m elevation, collected 18 Jan. 2013, pressed in cultivation 8 March 2013, Hernández-López & Treviño-Carreón 151 (MEXU); same locality, 23 March 2013, Hernández-López & Treviño-Carreón 152 (MEXU); same locality, 3 May 2013, Hernández-López & Treviño-Carreón 163 (MEXU). U. S. A. Texas: Big Bend National Park, east-facing slope, 2,100 – 2,200 m elev., collected 17 Aug. 2013, pressed in cultivation 29 Jan. 2015, Sharma JS 0001 (AMES). Greenwoodiella micrantha (Lex.) Salazar & R. Jiménez, comb. nov. Neottia micrantha Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 5. 1825. Spiranthes llaveana Lindl. ex Benth., Pl. Hartw. 72. 1839, non auct., replacement name for Neottia micrantha Lex. — Schiedeella llaveana (Lindl. ex Benth.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37 (2, Heft 3): 380 – 381. 1920. — TYPE: [Mexico. Michoacán:] “ Habitat versus Sancta Maria et Jesus, prope Vallisoletum, floretque aprili ”, Lexarza s. n. (not located). NEOTYPE (here designated): MEXICO. Michoacán: municipio Morelia, km 19 S of Santa María [del Guido] on road to Jesús del Monte, 2,020 m elev., 22 March 1987, Greenwood & Soto 1318 (AMO!; isoneotype: MEXU!). Figure 6.	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7AFFF4A5CBF882FB246786.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Habitat — Endemic to Mexico. This auto-pollinating variety has been recorded in the Transverse Volcanic Belt (Michoacán) and the Sierra Madre Oriental (northern Oaxaca). Terrestrial, in leaf mold in Pinus - and Pinus-Quercus forest, often with other broadleaved trees such as Arbutus, Styrax, Carpinus, Symplocos, and Ternstroemia. From 2,000 to 2,400 m elevation. Phenology — Flowering from late February to early April. Well-developed fruits were observed in late March and April.	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7AFFF4A5CBF882FB246786.taxon	discussion	Remarks — For nearly two centuries, the identity of Neottia micrantha Lex. remained obscure. Lexarza’ s (in de la Llave and Lexarza 1825) treatment of the orchids of (mostly) the surroundings of Morelia, then Valladolid, Vallisoletum, was the first comprehensive inventory of this family for any region of Mexico, and it is outstanding because of its detailed descriptions and specified locality data. Most of the 50 orchid species proposed by Lexarza have been recognized and accepted in subsequent works (e. g. Williams 1951; McVaugh 1985; Soto 1988; Espejo and López-Ferrari 1997, 1998; Hágsater et al. 2005; Soto et al. 2007), although some remain difficult to identify because, with the exception of Alamania punicea Lex., Lexarza’ s specimens have not been located (Espejo et al. 1993). Nevertheless, a careful read of the protologue of N. micrantha and its comparison with modern records of all the terrestrial orchids occurring in the region of Morelia — one of the floristically best-known areas of Mexico — demonstrates that it closely matches the plants subsequently described both as Schiedeella garayana (González 1993) and S. romeroana (Szlachetko 1993). This species is relatively common and widespread in south / central Mexico, although its inconspicuous leaves, inflorescences and flowers are easily overlooked (Fig. 2 A – H, J, K). The specimen we selected as the neotype of Neottia micrantha (Greenwood & Soto 1318) comes from the type locality indicated by Lexarza, on the road between Santa María del Guido and Jesús del Monte in what today are the outskirts of the city of Morelia. It is significant that, in a handwritten note relative to this collection, Greenwood noted the existence of variation in column morphology, with populations with and without a rostellum (E. W. Greenwood, in litt., AMO!): “ [This plant] is distributed in many parts of southern and central Mexico, and sometimes is abundant. Most interesting is that it commonly auto-pollinates, but there are plants with perfect flowers, others somewhat modified, and others completely lacking a rostellum; however, it is not cleistogamous ” (free translation by G. A. S.). Greenwood also prepared detailed line drawings of fresh flowers from his specimen, reproduced here as Fig. 6, which clearly show the column lacking a rostellum and with pollinium fragments stuck to the stigmatic surface. Oddly, Szlachetko (1992 b; Szlachetko et al. 2005) misidentified specimen Greenwood & Soto 1318 as Schiedeella amesiana, failing to associate it with Neottia micrantha in spite of both coming from the same place. Neither Szlachetko (1992 b) nor Szlachetko et al. (2005) provided any information on the type of N. micrantha, which suggests that they did not see the protologue and that may explain why they did not relate the modern specimen (Greenwood & Soto 1318) with N. micrantha. A careful comparison of Greenwood and Soto’ s Morelia specimen with another specimen collected by Greenwood in northern Oaxaca (Greenwood 1185), which is the holotype of Schiedeella romeroana, demonstrates that they are indistinguishable in all respects, including the erostellate column (Figs. 2 C, 6 I – J). This conclusion is further supported by our phylogenetic analysis, as the accession from the type locality of S. romeroana analyzed (Salazar et al. 6118, labelled “ Greenwoodiella micrantha mic. ” in the phylogenetic trees of Figs. 3 and 4) is mixed with samples of cross-pollinating G. micrantha var. garayana from Guerrero (Salazar et al. 7420), Michoacán (Salazar et al. 9225), and Morelos (Soto & Jiménez-Machorro 10691). The cross-pollinating, rostellate populations, represented by the plant described by González (1993) as Schiedeella garayana, are treated here as G. micrantha var. garayana (see later). As noted earlier, the name Schiedeella llaveana has long been misapplied to the distinctive species for which the first validly published name is Spiranthes transversalis A. Rich. & Galeotti (i. e. Schiedeella transversalis). Bentham (1839 - 1857: 72), quoting a manuscript of Lindley, proposed Spiranthes llaveana as a new name for Lexarza’ s Neottia micrantha. In fact, nearly simultaneously Lindley (1840: 458) published Neottia micrantha for a different species, a genuine member of Neottia Guett. from China. It is difficult to understand how this clear-cut fact escaped the attention of most subsequent authors, in spite of McVaugh’ s (1985: 342) conclusive clarification of the issue: “ By a strict interpretation of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Spiranthes llaveana Lindl. was illegitimate when published, Lindley having based the name entirely on Neottia micrantha Lex., without including any word of description (Pl. Hartw. 72. Mar 1840). At that time he should not have provided a new epithet, but should have transferred Neottia micrantha to Spiranthes, assuming that he believed his plant to belong to the same species as that of Lexarza. Later the same year (Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. 474. Sep 1840), Lindley referred to the name published earlier in Plantae Hartwegianae, provided a description based on Hartweg’ s plant, and queried the earlier identification of this plant, Spiranthes llaveana, with Neottia micrantha Lex. Those who now wish to use the epithet llaveana argue that Lindley really meant in March 1840 what he wrote in September 1840, and thus never thought that the specimen he studied belonged to the same species as Neottia micrantha. ” Some authors have considered Neottia micrantha Lex. as a synonym of Schiedeella transversalis (as S. llaveana; e. g. Williams 1951; McVaugh 1985; Szlachetko 1992 b; Szlachetko et al. 2005). However, S. transversalis, as other genuine members of Schiedeella s. s., has a narrowly elliptic leaf blade with attenuate base (Fig. 7 D – F), it is leafless at flowering time (Fig. 7 G), and the epichile of its labellum is not distinctly expanded nor crenulate (Fig. 7 H), all which conflicts with Lexarza’ s description of N. micrantha. Additional Specimens Examined — MEXICO. Oaxaca: municipio Capulalpam de Méndez, 0.5 km por la brecha que parte 4.3 km al E de Ixtlán de Juárez hacia La Natividad. 2,140 m elev., 25 March 2000, Salazar et al. 6118 (MEXU); municipio San Juan Tepeuxila, camino Tepeuxila- Tlacolula, 2,048 m elev., collected 10 July 2004, pressed in cultivation 2 March 2005, Salazar et al. 6653 (MEXU).	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C79FFF3A650F95BFDA56224.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Habitat — Endemic to Mexico. The cross-pollinating, rostellate populations of G. micrantha are widespread on the Sierra Madre del Sur (Jalisco) and the Transverse Volcanic Belt (Michoacán, Guerrero, Estado de México, and Morelos). Terrestrial, in leaf mold in Pinus - and Pinus-Quercus forest, often with other broadleaved trees such as Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, Tilia mexicana Schltdl., Styrax argenteus C. Presl, Carpinus caroliniana Walter, Symplocos sp. and Ternstroemia sp., from 1,990 to 2,500 m elevation. Phenology — Flowering from February to April. Fruits not seen. Additional Specimens Examined — MEXICO. Estado de México: municipio Malinalco, camino de San Simón el Alto al Club de Golf Malinalco, a 4 km del pueblo en la base de una peña, 2,300 – 2,500 m elev., collected 31 March 2000, pressed in cultivation 31 March 2001, Szeszko sub Jiménez-Machorro 2347 (AMO, MEXU); municipio Ocuilan, El Totoc, 2,394 m elev., 10 March 2008, Nava 206 (AMO); municipio Ocuilan, Chalmita, 1,948 m elev., 17 March 2007, Nava 40 (AMO), Nava 41 (AMO). Guerrero: municipio Tetipac, 3 km de Buenavista del Águila hacia Zacualpan, 1,990 m elev., collected 18 Nov. 2006, pressed in cultivation 18 March 2008, Salazar et al. 7420 (MEXU). Jalisco: municipio Talpa, entre Los Pericos y el filo de la mina por La Escalera, 6 April 1976, González 1126 (AMO). Michoacán: camino a Pino Real, 2,161 m elev., collected 9 Nov. 2014, pressed in cultivation 10 March 2015, Salazar et al. 9225 (MEXU). Morelos: municipio Cuernavaca, J. Ceja et al. 798 (UAMIZ); municipio Cuernavaca, carretera a Mexicapa, km 5 desde la entrada de la Colonia del Bosque, 2,300 m elev., collected 9 Jan. 2005, pressed in cultivation 22 Feb. 2005, Soto & Jiménez-Machorro 10691 (MEXU).	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7EFFF3A5CBFBC6FA5E6681.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Habitat — This is the most widespread species of the genus, having been recorded in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. In Mexico it occurs on the Gulf of Mexico slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental and on the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. Terrestrial in leaf litter in moist pine-oak forest and cloud forest from 1,000 to 2,500 m elevation.	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
D31D87931C7EFFF3A5CBFBC6FA5E6681.taxon	discussion	Remarks — Critical study of relevant material shows that the Cuban plant described as Schiedeella amesiana Garay is specifically indistinguishable from G. wercklei, and thus we treat it as its synonym. Ackerman (2014) noted that the character used by Szlachetko et al. (2005) to separate Schiedeella amesiana from S. wercklei in their key (flowers erect vs. flowers horizontal, respectively) is inconsistent as it varies depending on the stage of development, which we have corroborated in the field. At anthesis flowers are horizontal, turning erect only as fruits develop. Indeed, we find both concepts inseparable, and the differences in the shape and proportion of the epichile relative to the hypochile used by Ackerman (2014) to distinguish them fall within the variation observed in G. wercklei. It is worthy of note that the concept of Schiedeella amesiana in Szlachetko (1992 b) and Szlachetko et al. (2005) represents a mix of different species: figure 23 in Szlachetko (1992 b: 186), reproduced as figure 338 in Szlachetko et al. (2005: 204), was based on a Mexican specimen from the type locality of Neottia micrantha, which is selected here as neotype of the latter and assigned by us to Greenwoodiella micrantha var. micrantha (see earlier). Ames (1922) proposed Spiranthes wrightii as a purported new name for “ Sauroglossum monophyllum Griseb. ” but only as it was represented by specimen Wright 1480, not for the actual taxonomic concept of Grisebach’ s (1866), which was a transfer to Sauroglossum Lindl. of the species previously described by Lindley (1846) as Cranichis monophylla (a genuine member of Cranichis Sw.). Since Ames (1922) clearly stated that his Spiranthes wrightii was a distinct species from Sauroglossum monophyllum, S. wrightii actually represented a new species instead of a new name, for which Ames failed to provide a diagnosis or description and thus did not fulfill the requisites for valid publication (International Association for Plant Taxonomy, 2012: article 33). Garay (1982) realized that Spiranthes wrightii Ames was a later homonym of Spiranthes wrightii (Rchb. f.) Schltr., a different species currently considered as Pseudogoodyera wrightii (Rchb. f.) Schltr., and in turn proposed Schiedeella amesiana as a new name for S. wrightii Ames. It is apparent that Garay, as most subsequent workers, overlooked that Ames mistakenly proposed a “ new name ” for what he actually considered as a new species. The description of Schiedeella amesiana in Szlachetko (1992 b) was based at least partially on material from a different species (here treated as Greenwoodiella micrantha; see earlier), and it did not include a Latin description or diagnosis. The first work that fulfills the requisites for valid publication of Schiedeella amesiana is that of Ackerman (2014). It included a description in English, and on or after 1 January 2012 a Latin description or diagnosis is no longer a requisite (International Association for Plant Taxonomy, 2012: article 39). There are two specimens representing Spiranthes wrightii Ames at the Gray Herbarium. One of these bears Wright’ s number “ 1480 a, ” and it was labelled by W. Kittredge and J. D. Ackerman as the holotype of Spiranthes wrightii Ames. The second specimen, GH No. 1700, was annotated by Ackerman as “ isotype ” but it bears Wright’ s number “ 1480 ” and includes a label in Wright’ s handwriting with information that was literally mentioned by Ames (1922) in the protologue, including a reference to “ Pinal, ” the collecting date, and descriptive data of the plant. The latter specimen also matches closely Ames’ statement that “ The sheet at the Gray Herbarium bears two specimens that represent what may be taken as extremes, the tallest plant being 40 cm tall with nine flowers, the smaller one being 15 cm. high with only two flowers. ” Therefore, it is clear that specimen GH No. 1700 (Wright 1480) was the one studied by Ames and it should be regarded as the holotype instead of specimen GH No. 1697 (Wright 1480 a). Additional Specimens Examined — MEXICO. Chiapas: municipio Motozintla, ejido Benito Juárez, terracería de Motozintla a El Porvenir, 2,047 m elev., collected 14 Sept. 2011, flowered in cultivation 31 Jan. 2013, Reyes 7281 (MEXU, spirit). Oaxaca: municipio San Miguel Chimalapa, Cerro Sabinal (pico occidental del Cerro Guayabitos), al N de la colonia. Díaz Ordaz, ca. 40 km en línea recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec, al S de la cima del cerro, Maya 1099 (CHAPA); municipio Concepción Pápalo, ca. 6.5 km en camino de Concepción Pápalo a Yólox, 2,475 m elev., collected Jul. 2004, pressed in cultivation 31 March 2005,	en	Salazar, Gerardo A., Hernández-López, Tania J., Sharma, Jyotsna, Jiménez-Machorro, Rolando, Cabrera, Lidia I., Treviño-Carreón, Jacinto (2016): Greenwoodiella, a New Genus of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from North and Central America and the Greater Antilles, with a New Species from the Chihuahuan Desert. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 41 (4): 823-838, DOI: 10.1600/036364416X693937, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416x693937
