taxonID	type	description	language	source
B9A16B2B37DF5B9FB0663030BCDA42A1.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8	en	Li, Hui-Min, Zhu, Jun-Wen, Ma, Xu-Dong, Yi, Si-Rong, Song, Chun-Feng (2025): Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China (IV): Clarification of morphology and distribution of S. rugulosa and S. subgiraldii, with reduction of S. astrantiifolia to a synonym of the former. PhytoKeys 262: 223-244, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.262.165363
B9A16B2B37DF5B9FB0663030BCDA42A1.taxon	description	Description. Perennial. Rhizome, short and stout, roots fascicled, fleshy, somewhat fibrous. Stems erect, branched above, 7 – 52 (– 90) cm tall. Basal leaves 2 – 8, long petiolate; petioles 5 – 20 cm long; blade glabrous adaxially and abaxially, occasionally purplish-red on the back, 2 – 5 cm long, 4 – 8 cm wide, palmately 3 - parted to nearly 3 / 4 – 9 / 10 of the way to the base; abaxially pale green, occasionally purplish-red; crenate, serrate or irregularly doubly spinose-serrate; central segment broadly obovate, distally shallowly 3 - lobed, base cuneate, apex obtuse-rounded; lateral segments oblique-reniform, rhombic-rounded or ovate-lanceolate, often 2 - lobed. Cauline leaves reniform-rounded, 3 - parted nearly 4 / 5 of the way to the base, segments obovate to ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence 2 – 3 - dichotomously branched; involucrate bract 1 – 3, 3 deeply lobed or lanceolate, acuminate; terminal umbels around 3 radiate, rays 0.2 – 2.5 cm long; involucellate bracteoles 7 – 10, lanceolate to lanceolate ovate, ca. 1 – 2 mm long. Umbellules 5 – 7 - flowered, staminate flowers 2 – 3 per umbellule, pedicels around 1 mm long, petals mainly white to purple blue, reduced stylopodium whitish or pale green. Fertile flowers usually 3 per umbellule, sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx teeth narrowly lanceolate, acute, ca. 1 mm long; styles ca. 1.5 mm long, recurved, stylopodium whitish or pale green. Mericarps obovate, subglobose or ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2.2 mm long, 2 – 2.4 mm wide, densely covered with uncinate bristles when mature, bristles yellow or purple-reddish. Vittae obscure.	en	Li, Hui-Min, Zhu, Jun-Wen, Ma, Xu-Dong, Yi, Si-Rong, Song, Chun-Feng (2025): Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China (IV): Clarification of morphology and distribution of S. rugulosa and S. subgiraldii, with reduction of S. astrantiifolia to a synonym of the former. PhytoKeys 262: 223-244, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.262.165363
B9A16B2B37DF5B9FB0663030BCDA42A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sanicula rugulosa is widely distributed in China (Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang and Yunnan) (Fig. 10).	en	Li, Hui-Min, Zhu, Jun-Wen, Ma, Xu-Dong, Yi, Si-Rong, Song, Chun-Feng (2025): Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China (IV): Clarification of morphology and distribution of S. rugulosa and S. subgiraldii, with reduction of S. astrantiifolia to a synonym of the former. PhytoKeys 262: 223-244, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.262.165363
B9A16B2B37DF5B9FB0663030BCDA42A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet rugulosa is derived from the Latin term referring to the abaxial leaves sub-rugulose to rugulose.	en	Li, Hui-Min, Zhu, Jun-Wen, Ma, Xu-Dong, Yi, Si-Rong, Song, Chun-Feng (2025): Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China (IV): Clarification of morphology and distribution of S. rugulosa and S. subgiraldii, with reduction of S. astrantiifolia to a synonym of the former. PhytoKeys 262: 223-244, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.262.165363
