identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D10187E7987C7F59548FFE30FC75FCB9.text	D10187E7987C7F59548FFE30FC75FCB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay 1839	<div><p>Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839</p><p>Figs 1–7</p><p>Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839: 11, pl. 1, fig. 4 (D ♂); Benjamin, 2015: 2625, figs 17A-D, 18A-D, 19A-D (♂); Caleb, 2016: 410, figs 20-30 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Myrmarachne calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984: 126, figs 17-19 (D ♀); holotype ♀ in NZC-ZSI, examined; syn. n.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Myrmarachne calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984: Holotype ♀ (NZC-ZSI-5119/18) from India: West Bengal, Kolkata (=Calcutta), Alipore, Zoological Garden, 04.I 1982, coll. Bijan Biswas.</p><p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. India: Kerala, Alappuzha, Changaram near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.2958&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7966" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.2958/lat 9.7966)">Ezhupunna</a>, 9.7966 N, 76.2958 E, h=04 m, 20.VIII 2024, 1 ♀ (BMCAM2024014), coll. Anitha Abraham, from ground, by hand .</p><p>COMMENTS. Biswas (1984) described Myrmarachne calcuttaensis from Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, based on a holotype female. The description was accompanied by schematic illustrations of the epigyne and internal genitalia (Biswas, 1984: figs 18 &amp; 19). Upon re-examination of the holotype (Figs 1–3), we discovered that the dissected epigyne was missing. However, two additional female specimens (Fig. 4), collected from the same location and labelled as " paratypes " (Fig. 7), were found alongside the holotype. Notably, these specimens were not designated as paratypes in the original description. A detailed examination of these specimens revealed that their general morphology and genitalic structure are identical to those of M. melanocephala MacLeay, 1839: epigyne with a pair of oval copulatory openings, twisted copulatory ducts, and lateral pockets positioned above the epigastric furrow (cf. Figs 1–6 and figs 17–19 in Biswas (1984) with figs 3B–D &amp; 5 in Edwards &amp; Benjamin (2009) and figs 26–30 in Caleb (2016)), clearly indicate that M. calcuttaensis is a junior synonym of M. melanocephala . Furthermore, both M. melanocephala and M. calcuttaensis were originally described from Bengal, a region corresponding to present-day West Bengal, India, and Bangladesh, further substantiating their conspecificity.</p><p>REMARK. For a complete list of taxonomic references see World Spider Catalog (2025).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. Pakistan to Indonesia (World Spider Catalog, 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D10187E7987C7F59548FFE30FC75FCB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, J. T. D.;Joseph, M. M.	Caleb, J. T. D., Joseph, M. M. (2025): ON THE SYNONYMY OF MYRMARACHNE CALCUTTAENSIS BISWAS, 1984 (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE). Far Eastern Entomologist 521: 21-24, DOI: 10.25221/fee.521.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.521.3
