identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D62D4A34321AFF88BB832E62711BB1EC.text	D62D4A34321AFF88BB832E62711BB1EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amicactenus Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> AMICACTENUS GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9E86623- A29B-4237-A033-808421CE2676</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Amicactenus pergulanus (Arts, 1912) . Designated here. Detailed description in Steyn et al. (2003). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The generic name is a combination of ‘ amicus ’ (friendly) and ‘  Ctenus ’. It refers to the docile behaviour of the species belonging to the genus. The gen- der of the genus is masculine. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Amicactenus species can be distinguished from the remaining  Ctenidae by the presence of the particular modification of Mt IV on the legs of the male, consisting in a dense field of nodules (figs 32, 38, 57, 62, 63 in Steyn et al., 2003) [character 76(2)] in combination with an incised MA. Epigyne with a broad anterior part with a lateral flap on either side of a fairly densely setose central part. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Ecribellate ctenids. Medium to large size, body length (males and females) 9 – 24. Carapace piriform (Figs 7A, C; S 2A, S 3A, S 4A), dark brown to black with pattern of pale stripes; thoracic groove longitudinal, in the posterior third. Chilum divided. Clypeus with long erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2 – 4 – 2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median higher than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth of equal size; intermarginal denticles present. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs more elongate and slender than female legs. Mt IV elongate, with dense, ventrolateral field of nodules (Fig. S3B, C). Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval (Fig. 7B, D; S 2A, S 3A, S 4A, B), with dispersed setae forming specific pattern often with pairs of dark spots; ventral coloration pattern species-specific, often dark. Male palp (Figs 8A, B, 9A – C; S 2F, G, S 3D – F, S 4C, D): tibia with ventral process on distal margin; RTA bifid, originating at short distance from distal margin; cymbium with elongate tip, without horn at base; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; MA with dorsal concavity, short, widened and rounded at extremity, prolateral margin deeply incised; embolus wide, short, curved apex provided with laminar process; locking lobes present; conductor c-shaped hyaline. Epigyne (Figs 8C, 10A – D; S 2B, C, S 3G, H, S 4E): divided in MS and two lateral sectors LS; MS with broad frontal part with two lateral flaps, centrally constricted, posterior part widened; LS with sharp, curved LP; vulva (Figs 10E, F; S 2D, E, S 4F, G) with spermathecae oval, sometimes slightly constricted.</p>
            <p>Composition</p>
            <p> Four species:  A. eminens (Fig. S2A – G),  A. pergulanus (Arts, 1912) (Fig. S4A – G),  A. fallax (Steyn &amp; Van der Donck, 2003) (Fig. S3A – H),  A. mysticus sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Rainforest of Central and West Africa.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34321AFF88BB832E62711BB1EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A343207FF8FB9472C907111B409.text	D62D4A343207FF8FB9472C907111B409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amicactenus mysticus Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> AMICACTENUS MYSTICUS SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 7A – D, 8A – C, 9A – C, 10A – F)</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A1EF5C54- 53BD-4D42-A39A-217B000D4AB1</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Holotype, male: GUINEA,  Mt. Nimba, Foret de Seringbara , 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 26 0 W, 601 m asl, 8.X.2008, in secondary forest, hand collecting on lower vegetation and dead tree trunks, Van den Spiegel D. (DNA-N06, MRAC238226). </p>
            <p> Paratypes: GUINEA: 2 ♂: on abandoned termite mound, further data as holotype (DNA-N59, MRAC 240402) ;  1 ♂: 6.X.2008, further data as holotype (MRAC225788) ;   1 ♀:  Mt. Nimba, Foret de Seringbara , 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 26 0 W, 23.II.2012, secondary forest, hand collecting, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N08, MRAC 238919)  . </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>
                  LIBERIA: 1 ♀: Bong  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.283334/lat 6.8166666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.283334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.8166666">Range Forest</a>
                 , 6 ° 49 0 N, 10 ° 17 0 W, 170 m asl, 15.II.2006, pitfalls in rainforest, Flomo D. (MRAC 243295)  ;  1 ♀: 8.VII.2005, in rainforest, night catch, further data as previous (MRAC 243294) ;  1 ♂: as previous, 8.VIII.2005 (MRAC 240404) ;  1 ♂: as previous, I.2006, pitfalls in rainforest (MRAC 219412) ;  1 ♂: as previous (MRAC 240403) . 
            </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The position of the species was somewhat mysterious until its assumed position in  Amicactenus was corroborated by both morphological and molecular analyses, hence its name  ‘ mysticus ’. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Males of  Amicactenus mysticus are recognized by the shape of the RTA (Figs 8A, 9C) with a tiny tooth along the base of the ventral rim and by the deeply incised MA (Figs 8B, 9A); epigyne (Figs 8C, 10A – F) with large copulatory openings visible in the anterior part on either side of the MS. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (holotype). Total length 20.6. Carapace 10.6 long and 8.5 wide. Clypeus 0.56 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.56, ALE 0.33, PME 0.56, PLE 0.49. Coloration (Fig. 7A, B): carapace reddish brown with network of fine dark lines; chelicerae and sternum dark brown; legs uniform medium brown with longitudinal darker stripes; abdomen: dorsum dark grey with numerous long, dark, erect setae; in front with broad, short, lancet-shaped pale spot; venter dark grey with two rows of small apodemes. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: I: femur 13.5/ patella 5.5/ tibia 10.2/ metatarsus 13.8/ tarsus 5.0/ total 48.0; II: 12.1/ 5.2/ 9.9/11.8/ 4.8/ 43.8; III: 10.9/ 4.1/ 9.2/ 10.9/ 4.8/ 39.9; IV: 13.5/ 4.5/ 12.3/ 15.6/ 5.0/ 50.9. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1- 1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1- 1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2- 2-2-2 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2-2-2 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2 pl1-1-1, II v2-2-2 pl1-1-1, III 8 dispersed dw6, IV 8 dispersed dw4; Mt IV slightly modified: narrow, elongate, slightly flattened ventrally in the middle, without field of nodules. Palp (Figs 8A, B, 9A – C): tibia curved outward, ventral projection on distal margin present, with three long spines; RTA near distal margin, conical, with small but conspicuous tooth on inferior margin cymbium slender, curved inward, densely hairy in distal half, with blunt, retrolateral proximal projection; MA deeply incised prolaterally; embolus with fairly broad base and sharp tip; conductor membranous, c-shaped.</p>
            <p>Female paratype (DNA-N 08, MRAC 238919). Total length 21.7. Carapace 9.7 long and 8.4 wide. Clypeus 0.59 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.53, ALE 0.36, PME 0.62, PLE 0.59. Coloration (Fig. 7C, D): carapace uniform chestnut brown with faint pattern of darker stripes; chelicerae dark brown; sternum and legs uniform medium brown; abdomen: dorsum dark with broad median paler bar in anterior half; venter dark grey with two rows of small apodemes; paler in front of epigastric fold. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal tooth distal from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: 9.8/ patella 4.7/ tibia 9.7/ metatarsus 9.1/ tarsus 2.6/ total 35.9; II: 9.7/ 4.4/ 8.5/ 8.8/ 2.6/ 34.0; III: 8.2/ 3.3/ 6.2/ 7.5/ 2.4/ 27.6; IV: 9.9/ 3.8/ 8.5/ 12.2/ 3.3/ 37.7. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II pl1 d1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1- 1-1 rl1, IV 1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1; patella none; tibia I v2-2- 2-2-2 pl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1- 1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2, II v2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne (Figs 8C, 10A – D): MS with clearly sclerotized rims; large copulatory opening in anterior half on either side of MS; posterior plate bulging, almost as large as MS, with setae; LP lost in this specimen (Fig. 10C, D); flattened, roughly triangular with blunt tip in Pt (Figs 8C, 10A, B). Vulva (Fig. 10E, F) with large, oval spermathecae.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Almost all females in our collections have the epigynes marked by what is apparently the result of copulation: one or both of the processes of the LS are missing, and the MS is damaged and ‘eroded’ along the sides; along these areas the MS is bordered by dark sclerotization which can only be explained as an effect of the healing process. In one female (Figs 8C, 10A), one of the copulatory openings is blocked by a structure that is apparently an MA of the male palp. This is the first instance in spiders in which an MA is used as an epigynal plug. In combination with the broken LP, the presence of a plug might represent an efficient postcopulatory barrier. J ager € &amp; Minn (2015: fig. 40) also reported a peculiar case of plugging in  Ctenus natmataung J€ ager &amp; Minn, 2015, in which the male uses a breakable tip of its RTA to block the entry of the epigyne. </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Known from Seringbara Forest on  Mt. Nimba , Guinea and Bong Range Forest in Liberia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A343207FF8FB9472C907111B409	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A343200FF8FB96629FD77A3B6EA.text	D62D4A343200FF8FB96629FD77A3B6EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroctenus Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> MACROCTENUS GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2DF702AE-19C7-42BD-AACB-D2F183B60983</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Macroctenus kingsleyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) . Designated here. Detailed description in Steyn et al. (2003). See also Figures S6A – H. </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The generic name is a combination of ‘Macro’ (large) and ‘  Ctenus ’. Representatives of this genus are among the largest Araneomorphae. The gender of the genus is masculine. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Macroctenus species can be distinguished from the remaining  Ctenidae by the male palp with the short subdistal RTA and the MA rounded or elongate; the MS of the epigyne is wider or as wide as long and has three sections, the LS have a short LP, and the spermathecae are small and oval. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Ecribellate ctenids. Very large, body length (males and females) 20 – 34. Carapace piriform (Figs 11A, C, 16A – D, 17A, B; S 6A, S 7A), dark background with contrasting pale pattern; covered with short setae; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with long erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2 – 4 – 2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs, with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs more elongate and slender than female legs; with dense scopulae on t, Mt and T. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval (Figs 16A, B, 17A, B; S 6A, S 7A), with dispersed short setae. Male palp (Figs 12A, B, 13A, B, 18A, B, 19A – D, 21A, B, 22A – E; S 6F – H): tibia with dorsal and ventral processes on distal margin; RTA short, subdistal, rarely surpassing distal margin of tibia; cymbium with elongate tip, without horns or swellings; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; MA with dorsal concavity, narrow at base, oval or subcircular; embolus with wide, short and curved apex; locking lobes present; conductor short, hyaline, c-shaped. Epigyne (Figs 12C, 14A, B, 18C, 20A, D, G, 21C, 23C; S 6B, E, S 7B, C, D, G): divided into MS and two LS; MS composed of three parts: frontal oval densely hairy, central wide with sclerotized margins, short posterior densely hairy, constriction between the latter two shows short straight LP. Vulva (Figs 14C, D, 18D, 20B, C, E, F, H, I, 23D, E; S 6C, D, S 7E, F, H, I) with small, oval spermathecae.</p>
            <p>Composition</p>
            <p> Five species:  Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov. ,  M. kingsleyi (Fig. S6A – H),  M. nimba sp. nov. ,  M. occidentalis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) comb. nov. (Fig. S7A – I),  M. vandenspiegeli sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Rainforest of Central and West Africa.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A343200FF8FB96629FD77A3B6EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A343200FF83BBCC2B9877BFB6EF.text	D62D4A343200FF83BBCC2B9877BFB6EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroctenus herbicola Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> MACROCTENUS HERBICOLA SP. NOV. (FIGS 11A – D, 12A – C, 13A, B, 14A – D) </p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0C551A3- 653F-444F-9933-355DD48C6076</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Holotype, male: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba , campsite SMFG, 7 ° 42 0 N, 8 ° 24 0 W, 587 m asl, 12.III.2012, hand collecting on the ground at night, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945). </p>
            <p>  Paratype: 1 ♀1 ♀: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba, Kpeleyi Savannah , 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 27 0 W, 572 m asl, 21.II.2012, savannah, hand collecting on the ground, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914)  . </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>
                  GUINEA: 1 ♀:  Mt. Nimba, Mine camp of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.383333/lat 7.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.7">Gbakore</a>
                 , 7 ° 42 0 N, 8 ° 23 0 W, 700 m asl, 27.IX.2008, transition forested valley and montane grassland, Kpoghomou E. (MRAC 225535)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> Lives among grasses hence its name ‘herbicola’; grassland-inhabiting  Ctenidae are rare. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Males of  Macroctenus herbicola are recognized by the palp (Figs 12A, B, 13A, B), with a short, conical RTA pointing outward, a fairly long MA and an embolus with a slightly widened tip; the female is characterized by the epigyne (Figs 12C, 14A, B), with a broad MS with concave frontal and incised lateral margins, preceded by a hairy, sclerotized, inverted triangle. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (holotype). Total length 13.2. Carapace 6.8 long and 5.0 wide. Clypeus 0.23 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.33, ALE 0.26, PME 0.46, PLE 0.33. Coloration (Fig. 11A, B): carapace pale brown with yellow central band from PME to posterior margin and sublateral bands, interrupted by faint darker brown radiating striae; with short greyish and blackish pilosity; chelicerae and mouthparts dark brown; legs uniform pale brown, with femora darker and faintly banded; abdomen: dorsum dark grey with pale narrow median bar in frontal half; four apodemes; sides dark grey with many lines of pale anastomosing blotches; venter dark grey four rows of white blotches. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: I: femur 7.4/ patella 3.1/ tibia 7.1/ metatarsus 7.4/ tarsus 2.8/ total 27.8; II: 6.1/ 2.3/ 6.2/ 6.7/ 2.6/ 23.9; III: 6.2/ 2.4/ 5.2/ 5.1/ 2.3/ 21.2; IV: 7.9/ 2.7/ 6.5/ 9.1/ 2.8/ 29.0. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1- 1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1- 1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1- 1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2- 2-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-1-1-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified, with long overlapping spines. Palp (Figs 12A, B, 13A, B): tibia long and slender, with three spines, small ventral projection on distal margin; RTA dorsolateral, short, conical, with sharp tip, pointing outward; cymbium with dense hair cover in distal part; with retrolateral concavity delimited by small dorsal and ventral swellings. MA cup-shaped; twice as long as wide. Embolus with broad base; flat distal part slightly widened at tip.</p>
            <p>Female paratype (DNA-N 10, MRAC 238914). Total length 26.3. Carapace 11.4 long and 7.7 wide. Clypeus 0.49 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.43, ALE 0.39, PME 0.66, PLE 0.56. Coloration (Figs 11C, D): very similar to male but lacks blackish pilosity on carapace; legs uniform medium brown; abdomen: dorsum pale greyish brown with pale brown bar in anterior half and numerous faint darker spots; some dark setae on front; venter cream with nine longitudinal grey bands; two rows of small apodemes. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: 9.9/ patella 5.0/ tibia 9.1/ metatarsus 8.5/ tarsus 3.3/ total 35.8; II: 9.2/ 4.7/ 8.1/ 7.8/ 2.6/ 32.4; III: 7.9/ 4.0/ 6.5/ 6.1/ 1.8/ 26.3; IV: 10.2/ 3.8/ 8.7/ 10.9/ 2.8/ 36.4. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2 pl1 rl1, II v2-2 pl1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-1-1-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne (Figs 12C, 14A, B): MS broad with concave frontal margin; posterior and lateral margins convex, the latter with incisions accommodating LP; anterior part a densely hairy triangle. Vulva (Fig. 14C, D) with short, straight copulatory ducts; spermathecae ovoid; fertilization ducts transverse, procurved.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only known from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A343200FF83BBCC2B9877BFB6EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A34320CFFBBBBE82B9B7116B305.text	D62D4A34320CFFBBBBE82B9B7116B305.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroctenus nimba Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> MACROCTENUS NIMBA SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 15A – F, 16A – F, 17A – D, 18A – D, 19A – D, 20A – I)</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB2853EA-2540-477B-B6B6-9736FEFA6196</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Holotype, female: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba, Chateau ^, 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 23 0 W, 778 m asl, 11.X.11, hand collecting with headlamp inside dry adit, on walls and beams, at 5 – 20 m depth, Van den Spiegel D. &amp; Henrard A. (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119). </p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: GUINEA,  Mt. Nimba :  1 ♂: Geology Base K 1, 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1479 m asl, 28.I.2012, humid adit, with bats, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N01, MRAC 237842) ;  1 ♀: Geology Base K 2, 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1479 m asl, 28.I.2012, humid adit, with bats, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA- N02, MRAC 238211) ;   1 ♂:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.383333/lat 7.6666665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6666665">Zougue Cave</a>
                 , 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 23 0 W, 968 m asl, 27.I.2012, with bats, on wall of lower humid cave, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238212)  ;   1 ♂:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.383333/lat 7.6666665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6666665">Zougue Cave</a>
                 , 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 23 0 W, 968 m asl, 27.I.2012, hand collecting, upper cave, near Zougue river, Adrian Hudson (MRAC 238215)  ;   1 ♀:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.65)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.65">Geology Base</a>
                 , 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1560 m asl, 9.III.2012, hand collecting, in a natural cavity among rocks in altitude meadows, near adit T4, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238907)  ;   1 ♂ 1 ♀:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.6666665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6666665">Geology Base</a>
                 K3, 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1560 m asl, 01.II.2012, hand collecting, on wall of humid cave, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A. &amp; Allard C. &amp; Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238912)  ;   1 ♀:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.6666665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6666665">Geology Base</a>
                 K3, 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1492 m asl, 09.III.2012, hand collecting, adits K3 (10 – 50 m), Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A. &amp; Allard C. &amp; Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238915)  ;   1 ♀ with cocoon:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.01642/lat 40.000313)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.01642&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.000313">Bassin</a>
                 3, 7 ° 40 0 1.128 ″ N, 8 ° 22 0 59.112 ″ W, 1489 m asl, 8.III.2012, hand collecting, in rock anfractuosity, near the road, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A. &amp; Allard C. &amp; Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238926)  ;   1 ♀:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.6666665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6666665">Base</a>
                 geology K1, 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1479 m asl, 09.III.2012, hand collecting, on rock face near the ground, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A. &amp; Allard C. &amp; Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238935)  ;   1 ♀:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.65)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.65">Pierre Richaud</a>
                 , 5 – 20 m deep inside the adit, on walls, 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1502 m asl, 10.X.2011, headlamp collecting, Van den Spiegel D. &amp; Henrard A. (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>  GUINEA: 1 ♀:  Mt. Nimba, Zougue River , campsite SMFG  near ‘Charly 1’, on a rock near the river, 7 ° 42 0 N, 8 ° 24 0 W, 770 m asl, 06.II.2012, night collecting, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N13, MRAC 238918) . </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Macroctenus nimba sp. nov. specimens differ from those of  M. kingsleyi and  M. vandenspiegeli sp. nov. by the presence of four pairs of dark spots each with a tiny white patch on the abdomen dorsum (Figs 16A, B, F, 17A, b); epigyne (Figs 18C, 20A, D, G) with a shorter MS, much smaller spermathecae (Figs 18D, 20B, C, E, F, H, I), their diameter apart whereas they are only half their diameter apart in  M. kingsleyi (Fig. S6B, E). Females of  M. occidentalis have black abdominal spots (Fig. S7A) but the lateral parts of the MS are protruding forward (Fig. S7B, C, D, G). Males are recognized by the less dense ventral pilosity of the palp, the shape of the MA (Figs 18A, 19C, D) which is elongate and of the RTA (Fig. 19B) which is short, does not reach the anterior margin of the tibia and is slightly indented at the tip. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Female (holotype). Total length 25.8. Carapace 12.8 long and 9.2 wide. Clypeus 0.46 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.85, ALE 0.49, PME 0.89, PLE 0.59. Coloration (in ethanol): carapace pale brown with pattern of short dark hairs: two slightly sinuous lines behind PLE, radiating striae from fovea, posterior one forming a pale cross with longitudinal pale median band. Chelicerae medium brown; mouthparts pale brown; sternum yellowish brown; legs pale brown with dense dark pilosity on Fe and T. Abdomen dorsum dark grey with faint paler median band in frontal half, followed by four pairs of dark spots; sides dark with numerous longitudinal pale lines; venter dark grey with two oblique pale lines and two rows of pale spots between them. Living specimens (Fig. 16A – C, E, F) with much more contrasted coloration pattern. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: I: femur 13.3 patella 5.7/ tibia 13.3/ metatarsus 13.6/ tarsus 4.7/ total 50.8; II: 12.9/ 5.2/ 12.1/ 12.1/ 4.0/ 46.3; III: 11.4/ 5.5/ 9.2/ 10.2/ 3.7/ 40.0; IV: 14.3/ 4.1/ 12.5/ 15.6/ 4.3/ 52.7. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1- 1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1- 1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV not modified. Epigyne (Figs 18C, 20A, D, G) with broad MS with smoothly rounded lateral margin; LS with short and sharp LP. Vulva (Figs 18D, 20B, C, E, F, H, I) with copulatory ducts short; spermathecae small, ovoid, as far as largest diameter apart; fertilization ducts curved, directed posteriorly.</p>
            <p>Male (paratype, MRAC 238215). Total length 22.6. Carapace 11.9 long and 8.9 wide. Clypeus 0.59 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.45, ALE 0.39, PME 0.69, PLE 0.59. Coloration (in ethanol): carapace reddish brown with dark pattern behind eyes and on radiating striae; pale stripes less pronounced than in female. Living specimens (Figs 16D, 17A, B). Chelicerae dark brown; mouthparts and sternum medium brown; legs medium brown; abdomen dorsum dark brown with four pairs of dark spots; sides and venter grey. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1- 1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1, III v2- 2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-1 pl1 rl1, II v2-2-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Palp (Figs 18A, B, 19A – D, 21A, B): tibia densely hairy, with three long spines, ventral and retrolateral process on distal margin; RTA short, not reaching distal margin of tibia, tip not sharp but slightly indented and with tiny projection in ventrolateral view; cymbium with shallow prolateral concavity delimited by dorsal and ventral basal swellings; MA fairly long, with almost parallel margins, slightly curved, distally with slight prolateral indentation; embolus flat, curved; conductor membranous, c-shaped.</p>
            <p>Natural history</p>
            <p> Macroctenus nimba was first discovered in handmade adits located above 1000 m asl (Fig. 15D – F). Then it was also found in natural caves or small rock cavities, always at high altitude (Fig. 15A – C). Two females were observed suspended from their cocoon which was fixed to the roof of an adit (Fig. 16C is actually inverted). When disturbed, the female vigorously protected the cocoon by grabbing it between the fangs. One cocoon was transferred to the lab where it hatched. The juveniles went through a dozen moults before maturity. They were fed with small flies during the early stages, then with crickets or cockroaches. During prey capture, the spider turned toward the cricket standing on six legs with the first pair raised straight above the substrate. When the prey was close enough, the spider darted at it, using the first legs to draw the prey towards the chelicerae. In cases where the immobilized prey was as large as the ctenid or larger, it was fixed on a vertical surface with silk (Figs 16E, F) before it was eaten, the spider facing down. This behaviour was also observed in mine adits where the prey was fixed to the rock wall (Fig. 16E) and with other ctenids in the forest where the prey was fixed with silk on a large suspended leaf. A very similar behaviour was also observed for  Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) by Hazzi (2014). One to two days after the last moult of the males, two small sheet-webs were invariably found in their cages (Fig. 17C, D). These sheet-webs are assumed to be sperm-webs, apparently one for each palp. Unfortunately, all attempted matings were unsuccessful. </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only know from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34320CFFBBBBE82B9B7116B305	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A343234FFB9B8852EE677AFB712.text	D62D4A343234FFB9B8852EE677AFB712.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroctenus vandenspiegeli Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> MACROCTENUS VANDENSPIEGELI SP. NOV. (FIGS 21A – C, 22A – E, 23A – E) </p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C3A7B56A- 5D09-4D04-A1D6-1FCA862BEEB4</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Holotype, male: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba, Cavally river, 07 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 26 0 W, 587 m asl, 23.II.2012, hand collecting at night, in cave, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N16, MRAC 238909). </p>
            <p> Paraype:   1 ♀: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba, Seringbara, Kpeleyi Forest , 07 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 26 0 W, 601 m asl, 21.II.2012, hand collecting, in cave, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N11, MRAC 238908)  . </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The species name is a patronym in honour of Didier Van den Spiegel who headed the  Mt. Nimba expeditions and collected many specimens of  Ctenidae during the 2008, 2010 and 2011 field work. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> The male of  Macroctenus vandenspiegeli sp. nov. shares the long ventral pilosity of the palp (Figs 21A, B, 22A – E) with  M. kingsleyi , but in the latter the RTA is sharper and has a double tooth at the inferior tip (Fig. S6F, G), its MA is narrower in the middle than at the base (Fig. S6H), whereas it is wider in the middle than at the base in  M. vandenspiegeli ; the female is characterized by the epigyne (Figs 21C, 23C) with a subcircular MS and the almost straight bluntly tipped LP. In  M. kingsleyi , the MS is wider than long (Fig. S6B, E), whereas it is as wide as long and almost perfectly circular in  M. vandenspiegeli . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (holotype). Total length 30.4. Carapace 15.9 long and 12.1 wide. Clypeus 0.72 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.69, ALE 0.30, PME 0.75, PLE 0.66. Coloration in ethanol (Fig. 23A, B): carapace dark reddish brown, darker in eye region and on radiating striae, with dense golden pilosity; chelicerae black, mouthparts dark brown, sternum medium brown; legs: Fe, P and T uniform reddish brown, Mt and t black; abdomen dorsum pale to reddish brown with faint pale median stripe in anterior half; sides and venter medium brown, venter with two rows of small reddish apodemes. Carapace broad; eyes fairly small, clypeus relatively high. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements (second pair of legs missing): I: femur 17.9/ patella 7.2/ tibia 17.5/ metatarsus 16.0/ tarsus 5.7/ total 64.3; III: 14.2/ 6.1/ 11.8/ 13.9/ 4.1/ 50.0; IV: 19.2/ 6.1/ 16.0/ 21.4/ 4.7/ 67.4. Leg formula 41(2?)3. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1- 1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II v2- 2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV not modified. Palp (Figs 21A, B, 22A – E): tibia fairly short, ventrally with dense, long pale hair cover, with three spines; RTA dorsolateral, short, conical, with blunt tip pointing outward and small triangular ventral projection; cymbium with dense hair cover in distal part; with retrolateral concavity delimited by small dorsal and ventral swellings. MA ampullate; twice as long as wide. Embolus with broad base; flat distal part slightly widened at tip.</p>
            <p> Female (paratype, DNA-N11, MRAC 238908).  Total length 33.9. Carapace 16.3 long and 13.5 wide. Clypeus 1.25 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.69, ALE 0.46, PME 0.75, PLE 0.69. Coloration in ethanol: very similar to male. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal tooth distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements (first legs missing): II: femur 14.2/ patella 7.8/ tibia 14.5/ metatarsus 14.8/ tarsus 3.7/ total 55.0; III: 12.6/ 6.4/ 11.4/ 13.2/ 3.8/ 47.4; IV: 16.8/ 6.1/ 13.8/ 18.2/ 5.5/ 60.4. Leg formula 4(1?)23. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1- 1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2- 2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2 pl1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1- 1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-1-1-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV not modified. Epigyne (Figs 21C, 23C): MS with central plate almost perfectly round, slightly wider than long; narrow connections with rectangular anterior part and broad posterior transverse band. LS with bulky, straight and blunt LP. Vulva (Fig. 23D, E) with large spermathecae close together, with two conspicuous atria . </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only know from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A343234FFB9B8852EE677AFB712	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A343231FFBCB90A28397137B4D6.text	D62D4A343231FFBCB90A28397137B4D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nimbanahita Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> NIMBANAHITA GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/rn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 14E9A4E4- F1E3-4D3C-AF6E-83A715794399</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Nimbanahita montivaga sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p> The generic name is a combination of ‘Nimba’ and ‘  Anahita ’ referring to the type locality of the type species. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> The diagnostic characters of the monospecific genus  Nimbanahita are mentioned under the diagnosis of the type species. The gender of the genus is feminine. </p>
            <p>Affinities</p>
            <p> Nimbanahita shares some characters with  Thoriosa : the eye position with AME small and close together, the endites with straight or convex retrolateral margins; the male palps share the short cymbium; females have a similar epigyne in which the LP and LS are only visible as short hooks behind the MS which is wider than long and folded [character 45 (1)]. It appears to be much more closely related to  Anahita , which is reflected in both the morphological and the molecular analysis. It shares with  Anahita a large MA with groove that accomodates the thin, long curved embolus and the LP of the epigyne behind the MS.  Nimbanahita can be distinguished from  Anahita by the absence of converging hairs between PME, the absence of a small retroapical spine on the palpal tibia and the presence of an RTA. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Ecribellate ctenids. Medium size, body length (males and females) 7 – 10.5. Carapace (Fig. 24 A – D) piriform, highest point at level of coxae IV, brownish with paler central and lateral bands; dispersed dark setae and pale setae along anterior margins; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with few erect black bristles. Ctenid eye pattern 2 – 4 – 2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae yellowish brown, with few hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median higher than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles absent. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin almost straight, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded, distal margin with row of bristles. Sternum medium to pale brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown; scopulae poorly developed, restricted to tarsi; numerous erect spines (at least in alcohol); male legs slightly more elongate and slen- der than female legs. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval (Fig. 24A – D), with dispersed short setae. Male palp (Figs 25A, B, 26A, B): patella slightly swollen, as long as tibia; tibia short with distal crown of setae and small RTA, originating near distal margin; cymbium short, blunt, base with ventral hairy swelling; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; MA with notch and median projection; embolus slender, cylindrical; locking lobes present; conductor short, straight with rounded distal margin, hyaline. Epigyne (Figs 25C, 27A, B): broad MS, folded; LS situated far backward, behind MS, with LP only visible as short, blunt projections. Vulva (Fig. 27C, D) with spermathecae far apart, almost perfectly globular.</p>
            <p>Composition</p>
            <p> Monospecific:  Nimbanahita montivaga sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only known from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A343231FFBCB90A28397137B4D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A343233FFB2B94829B0764CB60F.text	D62D4A343233FFB2B94829B0764CB60F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nimbanahita montivaga Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> NIMBANAHITA MONTIVAGA SP. NOV. (FIGS 24A – D, 25A – C, 26A, B, 27A – D) </p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D7933F36- AD8D-4C61-92F3-946CFB7F3F70</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype, male: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba , near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.65)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.65">Geology</a>
                 base, mare d’Hivernage, 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1614 m asl, 15.II.2012, pitfall, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N69, MRAC 239024). 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Paratypes: 1 ♀: together with holotype (MRAC 239024) ;  2♂: further data as holotype (MRAC 239741) ;   1 ♀: Guinea,  Mt. Nimba, Geology 
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.366667/lat 7.6666665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6666665">Base Kaiser</a>
                 2, 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 22 0 W, 1465 m asl, 13.II.2012, pitfall, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N68, MRAC 239239)  ; 
            </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The species name is an adjective referring to the mid-altitude habitat of the species.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Males of  Nimbanahita montivaga are recognized by the peculiar palp (Figs 25A, B, 26A, B) with short tibia and very short RTA, complex, large MA and long, curved, cylindrical embolus. The female is recognized by the wide epigyne (Figs 25C, 27A – D) with a pointed posterior margin and the widely separated, globular spermathecae. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (holotype). Total length 10.3. Carapace 5.8 long and 4.5 wide. Clypeus 0.13 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.13, ALE 0.13, PME 0.33, PLE 0.33. Coloration: (Fig. 24A, B) carapace brownish yellow with broad paler median and lateral bands; with dark radiating striae in between bands; legs yellow, metatarsi dark brown, tarsi pale brown; chelicerae yellow; endites, labium and sternum pale yellow; abdomen dorsum dark grey with triangular orange patch in front; black and white setae in front and along grey sides, mottled with black; venter pale grey with dark crescent-shaped markings. No apodemes. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median slightly larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.9/ patella 1.6/ tibia 2.6/ metatarsus 2.8/ tarsus 1.1/ total 12.0; II: 3.9/ 1.4/ 2.5/ 2.6/ 1.0/ 11.4; III: 2.7/ 1.3/ 2.1/ 2.3/ 1.1/ 9.5; IV: 3.4/ 1.5/ 2.8/4.0/ 1.3/13.0. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1- 1, II pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-21; patella I rl1, II rl1, III rl1- 2, IV rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2-2 pl1 d1- 1-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2 pl1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Palp (Figs 25A, B, 26A, B): patella as long as tibia, slightly swollen; tibia short with small rectangular RTA at about 1/4 from distal margin, with long setae retrolaterally; one median, prolateral macroseta; cymbium with small setose basal swelling; embolus thin, cylindrical, slightly curved; MA large, complex; almost as long as 2/3 of bulbus, strongly hooked at distal end. Without distal membrane.</p>
            <p>Female (paratype, together with holotype). Total length 7.3. Carapace 5.8 long and 4.5 wide. Clypeus 0.16 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.16, PME 0.33, PLE 0.36. Coloration (Fig. 24C, D) as in male but chelicerae reddish brown; legs: femora yellow with two dark rings, patellae and tibiae pale brown with one and two dark rings, respectively; Mt and t brown. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.05/ patella 1.63/ tibia 2.84/ metatarsus 2.41/ tarsus 0.92/ total 10.85; II: 2.84/ 1.07/ 2.34/ 2.41/ 0.92/ 9.58; III: 2.63/ 1.35/ 1.99/ 2.27/ 0.92/ 9.16; IV: 3.62/ 1.42/ 2.70/ 3.34/ 1.14/ 12.22. Leg formula 4123 Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV d1-1-1 rl1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1, IV rl1 pl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 pl1, II v2-2- 2-2-2 pl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2, II v2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne (Figs 25C, 27A, B): MS wider than long, posterior margin with pointed median protrusion, anterior central part membranous; LP situated behind posterior margin of MS, almost straight, converging, with blunt tip. Vulva (Figs 27C, D) with copulatory ducts very short; spermathecae almost perfectly globular, separated by 1.5 times their diameter.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only known from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A343233FFB2B94829B0764CB60F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A34323DFFB0BBAA2BF87126B714.text	D62D4A34323DFFB0BBAA2BF87126B714.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perictenus Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> PERICTENUS GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 966AF203- 2C4C-47E5-86BF-08DAC0E47CEA</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Perictenus molecula sp. nov. Etymology </p>
            <p> The generic name is a combination of ‘ peri ’ (around) and ‘  Ctenus ’ referring to the phylogenetic place of the genus in relation to  Ctenus . The gender of the genus is masculine. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> The diagnostic characters of this monospecific genus  Perictenus are mentioned under the species diagnosis. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Ecribellate ctenids. Medium size, body length (males and females) 11 – 13. Carapace piriform (Fig. 28A, B), brownish with paler central part and pattern of fine dark stripes; dispersed dark setae and pale setae along anterior margins; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with few erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2 – 4 – 2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median higher than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles absent. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs slightly more elongate and slender than female legs. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval (Fig. 28A, B), with dispersed short setae. Male palp (Figs 29A, B, 30A – C): tibia short, with ventral projection and basal depression; RTA originating near posterior margin; cymbium short, blunt, with large dorsolateral horn at base, with ventral depression; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; MA with dorsal concavity, massive, almost rounded; embolus wide, short, curved apex, with laminar process and pars pendula, with small, blunt, median projection pointing upward; locking lobes present; conductor short, curved, hyaline. Epigyne (Figs 29C, 31A – D): divided in MS and two LS; MS constricted in front and with very short subrectangular posterior part, central part wide, covering LS except for distal part of strongly curved, sharp hooks; spermathecae oval, converging towards the front (Fig. 31C, D).</p>
            <p>Composition</p>
            <p> Monospecific:  Perictenus molecula sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only know from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34323DFFB0BBAA2BF87126B714	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A34323FFFB4BBE32B4077BFB600.text	D62D4A34323FFFB4BBE32B4077BFB600.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perictenus molecula Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> PERICTENUS MOLECULA SP. NOV. (FIGS 28A, B, 29A – C, 30A – C, 31A – D) </p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C7B098F7- 6774-4759-8975-303C872E5095</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Holotype, male: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba, Cavally river, 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 26 0 W, 587 m asl, 23.II.2012, hand collecting at night, near the river, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA- N37, MRAC 238944). </p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: GUINEA: 2 ♀:  Mt. Nimba , near campsite SMFG, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.4/lat 7.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.7">City</a>
                 2, 7 ° 42 0 N, 8 ° 24 0 W, 552 m asl, 08.III.2012, hand collecting at night in natural cave, on the ground near the rock, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N25, MRAC 238953)  ;   1 ♂:  Mt. Nimba, Fouenyi Forest , 7 ° 37 0 N, 8 ° 28 0 W, 601 m asl, 1.III.2012, sieving litter, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238755)  ;   1 ♂:  Mt. Nimba, Seringbara, Isro Forest , 7 ° 38 0 N, 8 ° 27 0 W, 593 m asl, 24.II.2012, sieving, soil litter, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238906)  ;   1 ♂:  Mt. Nimba, Nounouyi Savannah , near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.433333/lat 7.6833334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.433333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6833334">Nounouyi River</a>
                 , 7 ° 41 0 N, 8 ° 26 0 W, 568 m asl, 20.II.2012, hand collecting, near the river, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238942)  ;   1 ♀:  Mt. Nimba, Heyetouna Forest , 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 19 0 W, 687 m asl, 18.III.2012, sieving, soil litter, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238952)  ;   1 ♀:  Mt. Nimba , near campsite SMFG, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.4/lat 7.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.7">City</a>
                 2, 7 ° 42 0 N, 8 ° 24 0 W, 552 m asl, 3.II.2012, hand collecting in front of natural cave at night, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238954)  ;   1 ♂:  Mt. Nimba, Gba valley, 7 ° 41 0 N, 8 ° 24 0 W, 630 m asl, 31.I.2012, primary forest, hand collecting, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 241325)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The species name is a noun in apposition referring to the fact that males and females were matched because of molecular data.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Males of  Perictenus molecula are recognized by the palp (Figs 29A, B, 30A – C) with a basal retrolateral extension of the cymbium, the very short, blunt RTA originating near the base of the tibia, the embolus with a small dorsal appendage, and the almost rounded MA. The female is recognized by the broad oval epigyne (Figs 29C, 31A – D), conspicuously constricted in front, with large, ampullate spermathecae close together. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (holotype). Total length 11.7. Carapace 6.2 long and 5.2 wide. Clypeus 0.30 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.23, ALE 0.22, PME 0.26, PLE 0.34. Coloration (Fig. 28A): carapace medium brown with slightly paler diamond-shaped area, faintly delimited by dark stripes, just behind eyes; with fairly thick cover of silvery setae near PME and on sides. Chelicerae dark brown, with paler brown stripes near base; sternum reddish brown, slightly darker along margin, with dark setae. Abdomen: dorsum black with reddish brown central band in anterior half, flanked by two shorter lateral bands, followed by three faint reddish brown chevrons; four reddish apodemes; sides cream with numerous short dark stripes; venter dark grey with four rows of apodemes each surrounded by small cream spot. Spinnerets yellow. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median slightly larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.5/ patella 2.6/ tibia 4.8/ metatarsus 5.0/ tarsus 2.1/ total 20.0; II: 5.1/ 2.4/ 4.3/ 4.6/ 1.8/ 18.2; III: 4.5/ 2.1/ 3.5/ 4.2/ 1.4/ 15.7; IV: 5.7/ 2.1/ 4.8/4.5/ 2.6/19.7. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1 d1 rl1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v1-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1-1 d1-2 rl1-1- 1, IV v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-2 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified; scopulae on t and Mt I and II on t III and IV. Palp (Figs 29A, B, 30A – C): tibia with one large dorsal and one large ventral seta; RTA short, blunt, originating near posterior margin; distal margin of tibia with retrolateral incision and large, rounded, ventral projection fitting basal concavity of cymbium; cymbium short, curved, with large conical extension near base, pointing laterad; distal tegular membrane triangular; embolus flat, curved, with small retrolateral blunt appendage pointing dorsally. MA subcircular with posterior margin slightly concave, distal margin with dorsal lip.</p>
            <p>Female (paratype, together with holotype). Total length 13.1. Carapace 6.5 long and 5.3 wide. Clypeus 0.36 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.23, PME 0.30, PLE 0.34. Coloration (Fig. 28B) as in male but pattern less well pronounced, particularly on abdomen: dorsal pattern faint without chevrons, venter grey with poorly delimited spots; chelicerae uniform dark brown; legs: uniform pale brown at base to dark brown at extremity. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.5/ patella 2.5/ tibia 3.8/ metatarsus 3.7/ tarsus 1.4/ total 15.9; II: 4.4/ 2.3/ 3.3/ 2.3/ 1.21/ 14.6; III: 3.9/ 2.0/ 2.8/ 2.9/ 1.1/ 12.5; IV: 5.0/ 2.1/ 4.1/ 5.3/ 1.8/ 18.3. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1 d1-1, II pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, III pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1 d1-1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2, II v2- 2-2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2, II v2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-1-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified; scopulae on t, Mt and distal half of T I, on Mt and t II and on t III and IV. Epigyne (Figs 29C, 31A, B) with broad plate, conspicuously constricted in front, with rounded sides; with pale yellow centre and broad dark sides; LP situated behind posterior margin of MS, strongly curved inwards, with sharp tip. Vulva (Fig. 31C, D) with copulatory ducts very short; spermathecae large, ampullate, oblique, almost touching anteriorly.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Only know from  Mt. Nimba in Guinea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34323FFFB4BBE32B4077BFB600	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A34323BFFB5BBAB2BFA77A3B212.text	D62D4A34323BFFB5BBAB2BFA77A3B212.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piloctenus Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> PILOCTENUS GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 67CE035E- 7BA5-40C9-87E3-29612811FF87</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Ctenus pilosus Thorell, 1899 . Designated here. Etymology </p>
            <p> The generic name is a combination of  ‘ pilosus ’ and ‘  Ctenus ’. The gender of the genus is masculine. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Piloctenus species can be distinguished from the remaining  Ctenidae by the presence, in males, of a very long scopula on the first pair of legs [Fig. 32E, character 90(1)] and the MA strongly curved or hook-shaped, and in the female the epigyne with MS longer than wide and with longitudinal hairy area. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Ecribellate ctenids. Medium to large size, body length (males and females) 9 – 27. Carapace piriform (Figs 32A, C, 35A, C, E, 39A, C; S 9A), brownish to reddish covered with short setae; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with long erect black bristles. Ctenid eye pattern 2 – 4 – 2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median larger than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles absent. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs more elongate and slender than female legs, with long scopulae on legs I and II, sometimes on all legs, setae length about three to four times diameter of segment. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval (Figs 32A, C, 35A, C, E; S 9A), with dispersed short setae; males and females with a specific ventral coloration pattern in abdomen. Male palp (Figs 33A, B, 34A, B, 36A, B, 37A – C, 40A, B, 41A – C; S 9F – H): with prolateral process on distal margin; RTA flattened distolaterally, originating at about one-third of distal margin; cymbium with elongate tip, with large dorsal horn at base; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; MA with dorsal concavity, narrow at base, strongly widened and rounded at extremity, prolateral margin concave or indented; embolus with wide, short and curved apex; locking lobes present; conductor short, curved, hyaline. Epigyne (Figs 33C, 34D, 36C, 38A, B, 40C, 41D; S 9B, C): often longer or as long as wide, divided into MS and two LS; MS with longitudinal membranous area with short dispersed setae, lateral sides sclerotized, more or less bulging; LS with blunt LP slightly overlapping widened posterior part of MS. Vulva (Figs 38C, D; S 9D, E) with spermathecae piriform, oblique, anterior part medially with perforations.</p>
            <p>Composition</p>
            <p> Four species:  Piloctenus pilosus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov. ,  P. mirificus (Arts, 1912) comb. nov. (Fig. S9A – H),  P. gryseelsi sp. nov. and  P. haematostoma sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Several species mentioned in a study on relatives of ‘  Ctenus pilosus ’ by Benoit (1979) will be incorporated in  Piloctenus . Relationships of some of these species were already discussed in Steyn et al. (2003: 153) in which  P. mirificus has been revalidated. </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Rainforest of Central and West Africa.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34323BFFB5BBAB2BFA77A3B212	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A34323AFFA9BBD32FF576CDB2EE.text	D62D4A34323AFFA9BBD32FF576CDB2EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piloctenus gryseelsi Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> PILOCTENUS GRYSEELSI SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 32A – E, 33A – C, 34A – D)</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 90799CB7- DF48-4473-9649-921E2D3B39C7</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Holotype: male: GUINEA:  Mt. Nimba, Matalayou Forest , 7 ° 39 0 N, 8 ° 19 0 W, 519 m asl, 17.III.2012, hand collecting on the ground and on the vegetation at night, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (DNA-N26, MRAC 238922). </p>
            <p>  Paratypes: GUINEA: 1 ♂:  Mt. Nimba, Pierre Richaud, Ziela Forest , 7 ° 42 0 N, 8 ° 21 0 W, 563 m asl, 16.II.2012, primary forest, sieving leaf litter, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 238940)  ;   1 ♀:  Mt. Nimba, Gbie Forest , 7 ° 40 0 N, 8 ° 19 0 W, 469 m asl 16.III.2012, hand collecting on the ground at night, Van den Spiegel D., Henrard A., Allard C., Bimou P. &amp; Sidibe M. (MRAC 239221)  . </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>
                  GUINEA: 1 ♂:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.133333/lat 8.433333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.433333">Kouankan</a>
                 , 08 ° 26 0 N, 9 ° 08 0 W, 5.IV.2000, hand collection at night, Van der Donckt J.F. (MRAC 213488)  . 
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            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The species name is a patronym in honour of Guido Gryseels, director of the Royal Museum for Central Africa, who facilitated studies on invertebrates in the zoology department.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Males of  Piloctenus gryseelsi are recognized by the modified tarsus IV (Fig. 34C), so far unique in the genus, and by the cymbium (Figs 33A, B, 34A, B) with a sharp, proximal, dorsolateral process with tip pointing forward and the compressed RTA with the long, triangular tip pointing obliquely down. Females are characterized by the epigyne (Figs 33C, 34D) longer than wide with slightly curved but strongly sclerotized lateral margins delimiting a lighter longitudinal rectangular setose patch. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (holotype). Total length 10.6. Carapace 5.3 long and 4.4 wide. Clypeus 0.21 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.34, ALE 0.18, PME 0.34, PLE 0.33. Coloration in alcohol (Fig. 32B, D, E): carapace brownish yellow with faint slightly darker greyish radiating striae; chelicerae brownish yellow; sternum pale yellow; legs orange yellow; abdomen: dorsum grey, in front with medium pale stripe flanked by dark patch on either side followed by three pairs of dark spots, sides uniform grey, venter pale with greyish spots and darker are in front of yellow spinnerets. Living specimens (Fig. 32A) are greyish brown with marked dark spots on the abdomen. Carapace sparsely covered by tiny, colourless setae; few short dark setae on clypeus and in eye region. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.6 patella 2.3/ tibia 5.6/ metatarsus 6.2/ tarsus 2.0/ total 21.8 II: 5.9/ 2.2/ 5.0/ 5.7/ 1.7/ 20.4; III: 5.0/ 2.1/ 3.7/ 4.7/1.5/ 16.9; IV: 6.3/ 2.1/ 5.5/ 7.7/ 2.0/ 23.5.Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1 d1- 1-1 rl1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 pl1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2- 2 pl1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1- 1-1, IV 10 dispersed dw4; Mt IV modified (Fig. 34D): long, slightly sinuous, dispersed spines long, overlapping in proximal half. Palp (Figs 33A, B, 34A, B): tibia with ventral and prolateral rounded processes on distal margin; subdistal triangular RTA angled with long, sharp tip pointing down; one prolateral macroseta in proximal half; cymbium with dorsal scopula and sharp dorsolateral process with tip pointing forward; embolus, MA and conductor as typical for the genus.</p>
            <p>Female (paratype). Total length 10.3. Carapace 5.3 long and 3.9 wide. Clypeus 0.16 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.18, PME 0.26, PLE 0.23. Coloration in alcohol (Fig. 32C): cephalothorax pale yellow with faint radiating striae, chelicerae yellowish brown; sternum pale yellow; palpal femur pale yellow, remainder brownish yellow; legs pale yellow, Fe and T faintly ringed with grey; abdomen as in male; spinnerets brownish yellow. Carapace sparsely covered with small dark hairs and larger black hairs. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.0 patella 2.1/ tibia 3.6/ metatarsus 3.6/ tarsus 1.3/ total 14.6; II: 4.0/ 2.0/ 3.4/ 3.5/ 1.7/ 14.1; III: 3.5/ 1.6/ 2.7/ 3.1/ 1.2/ 12.0; IV: 4.3/ 1.7/ 3.5/ 5.4/ 1.4/ 16.3. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1 vl1, II pl1-1-1- 1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1 vl1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV 1- 1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2, II v2-2-2-2-2 d1-1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v1-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2, II v2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1- 1-1, IV v1-1-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; with ventral scopula as usual; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne (Figs 33C, 34C): MS with long, perfectly rectangular setose, pale yellow, median part, on either side with slightly curved, sclerotized margins; LP very large basally, with smoothly curved, blunt tip.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> The species is known from  Mt. Nimba and from a lowland forest to the north-west of the mountain. </p>
            <p> PILOCTENUS HAEMATOSTOMA JOCQUE � &amp; HENRARD </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34323AFFA9BBD32FF576CDB2EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
D62D4A34322DFFA6BBC22F3172AAB571.text	D62D4A34322DFFA6BBC22F3172AAB571.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piloctenus pilosus (Thorell 1899) Henrard & Jocqué 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> PILOCTENUS PILOSUS (THORELL, 1899) (FIGS 39A – D, 40A – C, 41A – D) </p>
            <p>Literature (WSC, 2015)</p>
            <p> Ctenus pilosus Thorell (1899: 78 , Dmf), Arts (1912: 208, pl. 3, fig. 37, mf), Hyatt (1954: 885, figs 9 – 12, 23, mf), Benoit (1979: 568, figs 1A, B, mf, S, rejected);  C. observandus Arts (1912: 210, pl. 3, fig. 43, Dm);  C. cavaticus minor de Lessert (1929: 144 , fig. 24, Dmf). </p>
            <p>Remark</p>
            <p> As ‘  Ctenus ’ pilosus Thorell, 1899 is now transferred in  Piloctenus , a replacement name for  Ctenus pilosus Franganillo, 1930 is no longer needed [(WSC) World Spider Catalog, 2015]. </p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p>  Male lectotype  ,  here designated: Cameroon (NHRS 5195); female paralectotype , together with lectotype. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> Males of  Piloctenus pilosus are recognized by the palp (Figs 40A, B, 41A – C) with short dorsal, pointed extension near base of the cymbium and with erect RTA, ending in a narrow, sharp process pointing forward and slightly downward. Females resemble those of  C. mirificus Arts, 1912 by the shape of the epigyne, but can be distinguished by the narrower MS (Figs 40C, 41D). </p>
            <p>Remark</p>
            <p> The lectotype is faded; the colour description is based on the male and female deposited in NHRS 5195 . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male (lectotype). Total length 13.8. Carapace 6.7 long and 5.3 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.36, ALE 0.16, PME 0.36, PLE 0.31. Coloration (Figs 39C, D): carapace brownish yellow with faint radiating striae; legs uniform pale yellow; chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; sternum pale yellow; abdomen pale yellow with lighter median stripe in anterior half, with four apodemes; venter pale. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, basal smallest; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 7.74/ patella 2.84/ tibia 8.38/ metatarsus 7.37/ tarsus 2.27/ total 28.90; II: 7.10/ 2.49/ 7.81/7.24/ 2.27/ 26.91; III: 6.18/ 2.41/ 5.11/ 6.11/ 1.56/ 21.37; IV: 7.24/ 2.41/ 6.75/ 9.37/ 2.49/ 28.62. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: femur I pl1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1- 1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; patella I pl1 d1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 pl1 d1-1 rl1, II v2-2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; III v2-2-2 pl1- 1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, metatarsus I v2-2-2-1 pl1-1 rl1-1 II v1-2-1-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-1-2 pl1- 1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Palp (Figs 40A, B, 41A – C): tibia distally with short, round ventral process; RTA at about 1/3 from distal margin, bifid, inferior prong fairly broad, blade-shaped with short tapered tip, superior prong tooth-like; cymbium distally with long pilosity, with short dorsal extension near base with tip pointing upward; embolus broad, slightly curved, central part of tegulum strongly bulging; sperm duct running along tegular margin. MA spoon-shaped with distal margin strongly recurved.</p>
            <p>Female (paralectotype, together with lectotype). Total length 9.2. Carapace 4.8 long and 4.4 wide. Clypeus 0.13 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.26, ALE 0.18, PME 0.30, PLE 0.33. Coloration (Fig. 39A, B) as in male but chelicerae reddish brown. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, basal small, without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: 4.40/ patella 1.99/ tibia 4.83/ metatarsus 3.83/ tarsus 1.42/ total 16.47; II: 4.33/ 1.85/ 3.46/ 3.69/ 1.21/ 14.77; III: 3.69/ 1.78/ 2.63/ 3.48/ 1.44/ 13.02; IV: 5.04/ 2.06/ 3.69/ 6.04/ 1.56/ 18.39. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1; patella I, II none, III pl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2, II v2-2-2- 2-2 pl1d1, III v2-2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1-1 d1-1-1, IV v2-2-2- 2-2 pl1-1 rl1-1 d1-1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-1-2, II v2-2- 2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne (Figs 40C, 41D): MS subrectangular, longer than wide, widest in posterior half, lateral sides slightly sinuous, posterior half with transverse groove; LP curved inward, surpassing rounded posterior rim of MS.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Only known from Cameroon.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D62D4A34322DFFA6BBC22F3172AAB571	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henrard, Arnaud;Jocqué, Rudy	Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy (2017): Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (1): 82-154, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12461, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461
