identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D5538796CE1CCE3CFC1FFF52FB7BFD84.text	D5538796CE1CCE3CFC1FFF52FB7BFD84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Muridae Illiger 1811	<div><p>Muridae Illiger, 1811</p><p>Melomys sp. After careful examination of a photograph, and a description of the creature given by TF, Josias confirmed that a species of Melomys resembling M. rufescens occurs on Kofiau. Melomys rufescens is widespread in the New Guinea lowlands as well as on adjacent islands, but several similar island endemics also occur in Melanesia, e.g., M. matambuai on Manus, and M. bougainville in the Solomon Islands (Flannery, 1995). Other species of Melomys occur throughout the Moluccas, including the widespread species Melomys lutillus in Halmahera and a variety of endemic taxa in Seram, Obi, the Tanimbars, and Talaud Islands (Flannery, 1995; Helgen, 2003; Fabre et al., 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1CCE3CFC1FFF52FB7BFD84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1CCE3CFECAFA4CFD31F84B.text	D5538796CE1CCE3CFECAFA4CFD31F84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petauridae Bonaparte 1838	<div><p>Petauridae Bonaparte, 1838</p><p>Petaurus sp. cf. breviceps Waterhouse, 1838 . Sugar gliders were confirmed by Josias as being present in coconut plantations and elsewhere. None were seen by members of the 2019 expedition.As currently constituted, it is one of the most widespread of marsupials, occurring from southeastern Australia to New Guinea, New Ireland, Halmahera and many smaller islands. However, Petaurus breviceps is almost certainly a species complex in the New Guinea region (Helgen, 2007), as has recently been demonstrated for the Australian portion of its formerly recognized range, which is now classified in 3 distinct species, P. breviceps, P. notatus, and P. ariel . Previously, sugar gliders have been recorded on Salawati and Misool in the Raja Ampats. Petaurus may have been introduced by humans to some Melanesian and particularly to Moluccan islands (Flannery, 1995).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1CCE3CFECAFA4CFD31F84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1CCE3CFEC3FB84FED9FA4C.text	D5538796CE1CCE3CFEC3FB84FED9FA4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phalangeridae Thomas 1888	<div><p>Phalangeridae Thomas, 1888</p><p>Phalanger orientalis orientalis (Pallas, 1766) . Common throughout the island. Two juvenile females (both large pouch young) were being held in the village at the time of our visit. Both individuals were photographed by expeditioners, one of which is shown in Fig. 2. Based on our examination of their external morphology, they are not distinguishable from individuals from mainland New Guinea.</p><p>Phalanger orientalis is widespread and abundant in the northern lowlands of New Guinea and adjacent islands, as well as in the Raja Ampat Islands, Seram, Buru and Timor (Flannery, 1995). It has been introduced to Timor, and probably to many other islands in its distribution, including possibly Kofiau.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1CCE3CFEC3FB84FED9FA4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1CCE3EFC06FD5DFED7FEC3.text	D5538796CE1CCE3EFC06FD5DFED7FEC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteropodidae Gray 1821	<div><p>Pteropodidae Gray, 1821</p><p>Nyctimene sp. cf. albiventer (Gray, 1863) . This taxon represents a species complex and requires systematic revision (Helgen, 2007; Aplin &amp; Armstrong, 2021). It has been recorded on Salawati, Waigeo and Batanta in the Raja Ampats, as well as on Gebe, Halmahera, New Guinea and nearby islands (Flannery, 1995). It was recorded during the 2011 survey but was not encountered in 2019. However, a photograph of Nyctimene albiventer was recognized by Josias (Kepala Kampong), who commented that it roosted in foliage on Kofiau.</p><p>Paranyctimene raptor Tate, 1942 . Seven individuals of Paranyctimene were captured during the 2011 survey, but the taxon was not recorded in 2019. The genus is widespread below around 1,000 m in elevation in New Guinea and has been recorded from Salawati and Waigeo in the Raja Ampat group (Wiantoro, 2011). The two currently recognized species of Paranyctimene, P. raptor and P. tenax, are difficult to distinguish (Bergmans, 2001).</p><p>Macroglossus minimus (Geoffroy, 1810) . This is an extremely widespread species of blossom bat, being recorded from Thailand and Vietnam through to the Solomon Islands and Australia. It is one of the most commonly mistnetted species in lowland Melanesia. It was recorded from the Boo Islands near Kofiau by Kompanje &amp; Moeliker (2001). This species was captured in a mistnet in the 2011 survey. In 2019, between 6.30 and 7.00 pm, blossom bats probably representing both Macroglossus and Syconycteris (which were not possible to distinguish in the spotlight) were present in abundance, feeding on the blossoms of a Syzygium that was growing on an islet just south of Kofiau. Feeding frequency dropped from its initial high rate by around 6.50 pm.</p><p>Syconycteris australis (Peters, 1867) . This species is distributed in eastern Australia, New Guinea and nearby islands, as well as on Salawati and Batanta in the Raja Ampat group, and on Halmahera, Gebe, Seram, and Buru in the Moluccas (Flannery, 1995). This species was captured in a mistnet during the 2011 survey and probably sighted by spotlight feeding on a flowering Syzygium growing on an islet just south of Kofiau, in 2019.</p><p>Dobsonia beauforti Bergmans, 1975 . This species is endemic to the Raja Ampat group. It occurs on Batanta, Gebe, Salawati, Gag and Waigeo, and is possibly present on Misool (Mildenstein, 2016). It is otherwise known only from the Biak-Supiori group in Cenderawasih Bay. It has been recorded roosting in caves, and also under fallen logs (Flannery, 1995). It was captured in a mistnet in the 2011 survey. In 2019 around a dozen individuals likely to be this species were seen emerging from the forest in the vicinity of the flowering Syzygium, before flying at low elevation (2–3 m) towards another islet.</p><p>Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) . This species has a wide distribution, from Myanmar through to Indonesia in southeast Asia, and on to New Guinea and satellite islands, eastwards to the Solomon Islands (Flannery, 1995). During the 2011 survey, this species was captured. In 2019, a few individuals, likely to be this species, were observed flitting around a flowering Syzygium growing on an offshore islet.</p><p>Pteropus chrysoproctus Temmick, 1837 . Otherwise known only from the north and central Moluccan islands of Gebe, Obi, Buru and Seram and satellite islands, including Ambon, Gorong, and Pulau Panjang (Flannery, 1995; Tsang, 2016). A single medium-sized flying-fox with a yellowish mantle, identified as this species, was seen flying parallel to the coast at an elevation of about 10 m in the channel between the islet off the south coast and the main island of Kofiau. This species was first recorded on Kofiau over a century ago: the only museum specimen of a mammal previously reported from Kofiau is a single specimen of Pteropus chrysoproctus in the Naturalis Museum in Leiden, RMNH 38000, an adult female, mounted skin with skull. Matschie (1899: 14) and Jentink (1887) referred to the locality for this specimen as “Koffian”, and Andersen (1912: 261, 263) interpreted this as Keffing (= Seram Rei), an island in the Seram Laut group. However, according to labels associated with RMNH 38000 (an adult female, mounted skull and skin), the specimen was indeed collected on Kofiau by D. S. Hoedt in 1867 (or perhaps actually his assistant D. Hokum— Ripley, 1959) during a bird-collecting trip, and letters from Hoedt in the Leiden archives confirm the validity of this record (C. Smeenk, in litt.). There is thus no confirmed record of P. chrysoproctus from Seram Rei.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1CCE3EFC06FD5DFED7FEC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1ECE3EFEF9F8ECFC72FCEC.text	D5538796CE1ECE3EFEF9F8ECFC72FCEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emballonuridae Gervais 1855	<div><p>Emballonuridae Gervais, 1855</p><p>Emballonura alecto (Eydoux &amp; Gervais, 1836) . This taxon has its centre of distribution on Borneo, the Philippines and Sulawesi. The nearest occurrences to Kofiau are on Gag Island and Seram (Armstrong &amp; Wiantoro, 2021a). Members of the genus Emballonura produce distinctively shaped calls that resemble the short tonal calls of Hipposideros with a dominant second harmonic, but at much lower frequencies. The most likely candidate for call type 35 i.fFM.d given the low frequency of the calls (relative to calls known from New Guinea and similar to E. dianae) is the relatively largebodied E. alecto (Armstrong &amp; Wiantoro, 2021a), to which we attribute these recorded calls.</p><p>Mosia nigrescens (Gray, 1843) . This small sheath-tailed bat is distributed from Sulawesi, through New Guinea and to the Solomon Islands (Flannery, 1995). It roosts in the twilight zone of caves, as well as in vegetation and possibly in houses (Flannery, 1995), and occurs on many smaller islands in this region including Salawati, Batanta and Waigeo in the Raja Ampat group (Flannery, 1995). It was collected during the 2011 survey, and in 2019 was detected unambiguously on the basis of its distinctively shaped echolocation calls that have a characteristic frequency above 60 kHz (call type 63 i.fFM.d) (Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1ECE3EFEF9F8ECFC72FCEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1ECE3EFEFCFD57FDFAF8AD.text	D5538796CE1ECE3EFEFCFD57FDFAF8AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hipposideridae Lydekker 1891	<div><p>Hipposideridae Lydekker, 1891</p><p>Aselliscus tricuspidatus (Temminck, 1835) . Temminck’s horseshoe bat occurs from Halmahera in the west to New Guinea and on to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu in the east (Flannery, 1995). In the Raja Ampat group, it has previously been recorded only from Waigeo (Meinig, 2002; Wiantoro, 2011). It was captured on Kofiau during the 2011 survey, and in 2019 was detected unambiguously based on its echolocation calls that have a shape typical of hipposiderids and a characteristic frequency between 115 and 120 kHz (call type 118 sCF) (Fig. 3).</p><p>Hipposideros sp. cf. maggietaylorae Smith &amp; Hill, 1981 . This medium-sized hipposiderid has been recorded from the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea and some nearby islands (Armstrong &amp; Wiantoro, 2021b; Flannery, 1995). Meinig (2002) and Wiantoro (2011) have recorded individuals provisionally assigned to this species from Waigeo and Batanta in the Raja Ampat group. A single specimen also provisionally referred to this species (pending a more detailed systematic review) was collected on Kofiau during the 2011 survey. Its echolocation calls were not recorded with the bat detector on the 2019 survey.</p><p>Hipposideros diadema (Geoffroy, 1813) . This species is widely distributed from Thailand to New Guinea, Australia and the Solomon Islands, and has previously been reported from Batanta and Waigeo in the Raja Ampat group (Aguilar &amp; Waldien, 2021). It was detected unambiguously based on its low frequency echolocation calls that have a shape typical of hipposiderids and a characteristic frequency typical of the species throughout its range (call type 55 mCF; Leary &amp; Pennay, 2011; Armstrong, 2017) (Fig. 3).</p><p>Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 . This species occurs from India eastwards to the Philippines, Australia, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago (Flannery, 1995; Armstrong, 2021a). It is uncommon in Melanesia. Meinig (2002) reports it from Batanta. A single specimen was captured on Kofiau during the 2011 survey.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1ECE3EFEFCFD57FDFAF8AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1ECE3EFC28FCACFC5FFB09.text	D5538796CE1ECE3EFC28FCACFC5FFB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miniopteridae Dobson 1875	<div><p>Miniopteridae Dobson, 1875</p><p>Miniopterus sp. cf. australis Tomes, 1858 . Recorded from Sumatra eastwards to Borneo, New Guinea, Australia and as far east as Vanuatu and New Caledonia, this widespread species has previously been reported from Batanta and Waigeo in the Raja Ampat group and nearby Gebe in the North Moluccas (Flannery, 1995; Meinig, 2002; Armstrong et al., 2021). Frequency modulated calls with a characteristic frequency of ca. 53 kHz and a terminal droop have been attributed to small species of bent-winged bat in Papua New Guinea (call type 53 st.cFM.d) (Fig. 3). The revision of Indo-Australasian Miniopterus by authors SW and KNA did not include a sample from Kofiau Island, but this call type is likely attributable to an undescribed species of small Miniopterus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1ECE3EFC28FCACFC5FFB09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1ECE31FC3AF894FD0DF99E.text	D5538796CE1ECE31FC3AF894FD0DF99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Molossidae Gervais 1856	<div><p>Molossidae Gervais, 1856</p><p>Chaerephon jobensis (Miller, 1902) . Distributed across New Guinea, Seram, Yapen and New Britain and northern Australia (Flannery, 1995; Armstrong, 2021b), Kofiau is the smallest island this taxon has been recorded on. A single recorded sequence of very narrowband (“flat”) echolocation calls with a characteristic frequency at the fundamental of ca. 16 kHz (and weaker second harmonic at 32 kHz) most likely represents C. jobensis (call type 16 fFM) (Fig 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1ECE31FC3AF894FD0DF99E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1ECE3EFEDCFEC2FEDFFD54.text	D5538796CE1ECE3EFEDCFEC2FEDFFD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophidae Gray 1825	<div><p>Rhinolophidae Gray, 1825</p><p>Rhinolophus sp. cf. euryotis Temminck, 1835 . Recorded from Sulawesi to Timor, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, it also occurs on smaller islands in the region, including Batanta and Waigeo in the Raja Ampat group (Wiantoro, 2011). It roosts in caves and appears to be far more common in the Moluccas than on islands further east (Flannery, 1995). On Kofiau, long duration echolocation calls indicative of a species of Rhinolophus were detected with a characteristic frequency of 55 kHz, which is similar to R. euryotis in New Guinea (call type 55 lCF; Armstrong &amp; Aplin, 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1ECE3EFEDCFEC2FEDFFD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
D5538796CE1ECE3EFC34FA97FBC2F914.text	D5538796CE1ECE3EFC34FA97FBC2F914.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespertilionidae Gray 1821	<div><p>Vespertilionidae Gray, 1821</p><p>Myotis sp. cf. stalkeri Thomas, 1910 . This distinctive fishing bat has been recorded from the Moluccan islands of Gebe and Kai Kecil, as well as from Waigeo and Batanta in the Raja Ampat group (Meinig, 2002; Bouillard, 2021). Our tentative identification from Kofiau involves observation of a large insectivorous bat seen hawking within centimetres of the ocean surface off the south coast. The bat had narrow wings and appeared to be silvery in colour in torchlight. Although no calls were recorded from the bat detector while it was under observation, at least one, and possibly two, distinct echolocation call types, attributable to different species of Myotis were recorded at other times (call types 20 bFM and 30 bFM) (Fig. 3). Given that Myotis can vary their calls depending on their activity, it is possible that both calls derive from one species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5538796CE1ECE3EFC34FA97FBC2F914	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wiantoro, Sigit;Flannery, Tim F.;Brown, Dan;Armstrong, Kyle N.;Helgen, Kristofer M.	Wiantoro, Sigit, Flannery, Tim F., Brown, Dan, Armstrong, Kyle N., Helgen, Kristofer M. (2023): The mammal fauna of Kofiau Island, off western New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 75 (5): 653-662, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1784
