identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DB749D3BB71AFF9DFF4B60525B0EFA75.text	DB749D3BB71AFF9DFF4B60525B0EFA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tmarus Simon 1875	<div><p>Genus Tmarus Simon, 1875</p><p>Type species: Aranea pigra Walckenaer, 1802</p><p>Diagnosis. Species of Tmarus can be separated from other Thomisidae by a dorsoposterior tubercle or hump on the opisthosoma, which is more prominent in females (Figs 3C, 6C), an elevated ocular area, relatively wide clypeus gradually sloping towards the front (Ileperuma Arachchi &amp; Benjamin 2019).</p><p>Description. Carapace with long setae; tubercles of lateral eyes developed and close to each other, lateral eyes larger than median eyes; abdomen pyriform, the posterior end occasionally extending beyond spinnerets; bulb simple and without apophysis, embolus commonly short and thick; epigynum with a broad epigynal hood or a vertical epigynal ridge, copulatory ducts short and thick, spermathecae small, global, oval or reniform (Ono 1988, Yang et al. 2005, Sarkar et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB749D3BB71AFF9DFF4B60525B0EFA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhou, Yu-Chen;Qin, Xin-Yu;Zhou, Gu-Chun;Peng, Xian-Jin;Liu, Ping	Zhou, Yu-Chen, Qin, Xin-Yu, Zhou, Gu-Chun, Peng, Xian-Jin, Liu, Ping (2025): Two new species of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (1): 105-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
DB749D3BB71AFF99FF4B61A75AB7FD89.text	DB749D3BB71AFF99FF4B61A75AB7FD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tmarus yueluensis Zhou & Qin & Zhou & Peng & Liu 2025	<div><p>Tmarus yueluensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1–3, 7</p><p>Tmarus longqicus Song &amp; Zhu, 1993 in Song, Zhu &amp; Li 1993: 881, figs 55D–E (male, misidentification). Song &amp; Zhu 1997: figs 25D–E; Song, Zhu &amp; Chen 1999: fig. 283 P.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Hunan Province: Changsha City: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.55539&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.11329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.55539/lat 28.11329)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.113290°N, 112.555391°E, 291 m, 26 June 2018 (YLS-18-0606) . Paratypes: 1♀, same locality, 28.114580°N, 112.562274°E, 251 m, 26 July 2024 (YLS-24, matured on 15 December 2024); 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.5629&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.111246" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.5629/lat 28.111246)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.111247°N, 112.562897°E, 262 m, 13 July 2017 (YLS-17-0705) ; 5♂ 6♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.5629&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.111246" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.5629/lat 28.111246)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.111247°N, 112.562897°E, 262 m, 8 July 2018 (YLS-18-0702) ; 1♂ 4♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.56425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.113194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.56425/lat 28.113194)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.113193°N, 112.564248°E, 149 m, 6 July 2018 (YLS-18-0701) ; 10♂ 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.56425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.113194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.56425/lat 28.113194)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.113193°N, 112.564248°E, 149 m, 15 July 2018 (YLS-18-0704) ; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.562&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.111256" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.562/lat 28.111256)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.111256°N, 112.561998°E, 235 m, 10August 2018 (YLS-18-0803) ; 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.57531&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.10549" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.57531/lat 28.10549)">Taozi Lake</a>, 28.105490°N, 112.575310°E, 50 m, 13 August 2018 (YLS-18-0805) ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.56234&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.11876" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.56234/lat 28.11876)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.118760°N, 112.562336°E, 232 m, 20 August 2018 (YLS-18-0806) ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.56234&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.11876" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.56234/lat 28.11876)">Yuelu Mountain</a>, 28.118760°N, 112.562336°E, 232 m, 14 September 2018 (YLS-18-0904). Specimen (YLS-24) was collected by Yuchen Zhou, Gang Tang, Shulin Wang and Wenlong Yan, other specimens were collected by Guchun Zhou and Xuanwei Zhou.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is an adjective related to the type locality</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of this new species are characterized by their slender embolus and a horned RTA. They can be distinguished from the similar T. taibaiensis Song &amp; Wang, 1994 (see Zhang &amp; Zhang 2023: 85, figs 43–50) by: (1) RTA tips fused (Figs 2 B-C) (RTA deeply bifurcated in T. taibaiensis); (2) cymbium longer than wide in ventral view (Fig. 2C) (vs. as wide as long in T. taibaiensis); (3) embolus originating at 11 o’clock position of tegulum in ventral view (Fig. 2C) (vs. 12 o’clock in T. taibaiensis); (4) embolus about half as long as tegulum in retrolateral view (Fig. 2B) (vs. 2/3 as long in T. taibaiensis).</p><p>Females are characterized by short copulatory ducts, peanut-shaped spermathecae, absence of a distinct hood and the epigynal plate being longer than wide. In the similar T. taibaiensis the epigynal plate is as long as wide and the copulatory openings are located anteriorly (versus medially in T. yueluensis sp. nov.). The females of this new species also resemble those of T. piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (see Song &amp; Zhu 1997: 51, fig. 28A–D; Baba &amp; Tanikawa 2015: 92), but can be easily distinguished by copulatory openings facing anteromedially and located medially (Fig. 3D) (vs. facing anterolaterally and located posteriorly in T. piger).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype) (Figs 1A–C): Total length 5.00; carapace 2.06 long, 2.01 wide; abdomen 2.93 long, 1.58 wide. Carapace almost as long as wide, yellowish brown, with a longitudinal white band medially, irregular lighter stripes laterally and symmetric setae; cervical and radial grooves visible, fovea unconspicuous. Eye tubercles grayish white, AER and PER recurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.16, PME 0.10, PLE 0.19, AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.25, PME–PLE 0.38. MOA length 0.31 with front width 0.34 and back width 0.43. Clypeus height 0.38. Legs yellow. Leg measurements: I, 14.16 (4.24, 4.86, 3.51, 1.55); II, 14.20 (4.24, 4.88, 3.50, 1.58); III, 5.90 (2.02, 2.22, 1.02, 0.64); IV, 5.83 (2.19, 2.04, 1.02, 0.58). Leg formula: 2134. Abdomen longer than wide, widest at the posterior 1/3 part, dorsum yellowish white, with four pairs of transverse light stripes and symmetric setae, posterior part wrinkled, caudal protuberance inconspicuous; venter yellowish white, with a longitudinal brown band medially. Spinneret dark brown.</p><p>Palp (Figs 2A–E). Tibia with two apophyses: VTA thumb-shaped with blunt tip. RTA stronger, halberd-shaped, basal part almost 1/2 width of tibia, terminal part bifurcated, densely covered with tiny teeth. Tegulum oval and tabular. Embolus slender with pointed tip, originates at 11 o’clock position of tegulum and extended downwards, terminal end curved ventrally in retrolateral view.</p><p>Female (paratype YLS-24) (Figs 3A–C): Total length 4.69; carapace 1.98 long, 1.76 wide; abdomen 2.75 long, 1.74 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.18, PME 0.10, PLE 0.17. AME–AME 0.19, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.40. MOA length 0.47 with front width 0.40 and back width 0.47. Clypeus height 0.30. Leg measurements: I, 7.80 (2.26, 2.82, 1.73, 0.99); II, 8.68 (2.64, 3.20, 1.86, 0.98); III, 4.59 (1.62, 1.76, 0.77, 0.44); IV, 5.09 (1.90, 1.55, 0.96, 0.68). Leg formula: 2143. Coloration pattern similar as in male.</p><p>Epigyne (Figs 3D, E). Epigynal plate longer than wide; copulatory openings located in the median-lateral sides of epigyne; copulatory ducts thick and short; spermatheca peanut-shaped; fertilization ducts short.</p><p>Distribution. Changsha City, Hunan Province, and Sanming City, Fujian Province, China (Fig. 7).</p><p>Remarks. Re-examination of the type series of T. longqicus Song &amp; Zhu, 1993 by the type-bearing institution (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) revealed that the allotype males of T. longqicus are identical with males of T. yueluensis sp. nov. However, the holotype female of T. longqicus is clearly distinct from T. yueluensis sp. nov.: epigynal plate wider than long and copulatory openings located anteriorly (versus epigynal plate longer than wide and copulatory openings located medially in T. yueluensis sp. nov.).</p><p>We have collected both male and female specimens of T. yueluensis sp. nov. two times from the same locality at the same dates. Males matched with females on morphological characteristics (females appeared similar to males, Figs 1, 3), and DNA barcoding data (showing a genetic distance of 0% between the male and female voucher specimens). We therefore conclude that the allo- and paratype males of T. longqicus were mistakenly paired with the female holotype. The real male of T. longqicus is still unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB749D3BB71AFF99FF4B61A75AB7FD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhou, Yu-Chen;Qin, Xin-Yu;Zhou, Gu-Chun;Peng, Xian-Jin;Liu, Ping	Zhou, Yu-Chen, Qin, Xin-Yu, Zhou, Gu-Chun, Peng, Xian-Jin, Liu, Ping (2025): Two new species of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (1): 105-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
DB749D3BB71EFF94FF4B66FB5A76FC4D.text	DB749D3BB71EFF94FF4B66FB5A76FC4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tmarus rostratus Zhou & Qin & Zhou & Peng & Liu 2025	<div><p>Tmarus rostratus sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 4–7</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Hunan Province: Zhangjiajie City: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.60704&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.325726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.60704/lat 29.325726)">Suoxiyu Tujia Township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.60704&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.325726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.60704/lat 29.325726)">Tianjiawan Village</a>, 29.325725°N, 110.607042°E, 454 m, 26 May 2017, Guchun Zhou, Tian Tian and Zongguang Huang leg. (HNU-HN-IV-1710) . Paratypes: 1♂ 4♀, same data as holotype (HNU-HN-IV-1710) . 3♀, Suoxiyu Tujia Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.599815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.331436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.599815/lat 29.331436)">Wenfeng Village</a>, 29.331437°N, 110.599815°E, 457 m, 4 April 2016, Wang Liu, Ceng Zeng and Tian Tian leg. (HNU-HN-IV-1601) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin “ rostratus ”, meaning beaked/curved, referring to the coracoid shape of the RTA, adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis. The males of this new species resemble those of T. piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (see Song &amp; Zhu 1997: 51, figs 28A–D; Baba &amp; Tanikawa 2015: 92) and T. punctatissimus (Simon, 1870) (see Bosmans &amp; Hervé 2015: 38, figs 1A–G) in having a similar course of sperm duct, embolus and RTA shape, but can be distinguished by: (1) the distal end of the VTA is curved in an arc in ventral view (Fig. 5C) (vs. broadly round in T. piger and T. punctatissimus); (2) RTA extends upwards, with coracoid apex in dorsal view (Fig. 5B) (vs. dorsal curved in T. piger and T. punctatissimus); (3) the embolus duck-head-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 5C) (vs. hook-shaped in T. piger and champagne bottle-like in T. punctatissimus). The females of this new species resemble those of T. piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (see Song &amp; Zhu 1997: 51, fig. 28A–B; Baba &amp; Tanikawa 2015: 92) in having two posterior copulatory openings and short copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by: (1) copulatory openings facing anteromedially (Fig. 6D) (vs. facing anterolaterally in T. piger); (2) spermatheca stomach-shaped and lateral to copulatory ducts (Fig. 6D) (vs. peanut-shaped and posterior to copulatory ducts in T. piger).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype) (Fig. 4): Total length 4.28; carapace 1.88 long, 1.75 wide; abdomen 2.40 long, 1.18 wide. Carapace almost as long as wide, reddish brown, with irregular lighter stripes laterally and symmetric setae; cervical and radial grooves visible, fovea unconspicuous. Eye tubercles grey, AER and PER recurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.13, PME 0.10, PLE 0.14, AME–AME 0.25, AME–ALE 0.26, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.34. MOA length 0.21 with front width 0.16 and back width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.29. Legs yellow. Leg measurements: I, 9.93 (2.81, 3.53, 2.33, 1.26); II, 10.46 (2.87, 3.76, 2.49, 1.34); III, 4.73 (1.34, 2.01, 0.79, 0.59); IV, 4.94 (1.66, 1.87, 0.78, 0.63). Leg formula: 2143. Abdomen longer than wide, dorsum yellowish white, mottled with brown patches and symmetric setae, posterior part wrinkled, caudal protuberance inconspicuous; venter with a wide longitudinal greyish yellow band medially and a pair of thin longitudinal white band laterally. Spinneret yellowish brown.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 5). Tibia with two apophyses: VTA hook-shaped with blunt tip, curved prolaterally; RTA longer and thicker than VTA, with pointed and curved tip. Tegulum oval and tabular. Embolus thicker proximally and slender distally, originates at 1 o’clock position of tegulum.</p><p>Female (one paratype of HNU-HN-IV-1710) (Figs 6A–C): Total length 6.92; carapace 2.36 long, 2.23 wide; abdomen 4.52 long, 2.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.15, PME 0.16, PLE 0.14. AME– AME 0.31, AME–ALE 0.35, PME–PME 0.42, PME–PLE 0.50. MOA length 0.24 with front width 0.22 and back width 0.26. Clypeus height 0.33. Leg measurements: I, 8.54 (2.29, 3.78, 1.61, 0.86); II, 8.66 (2.41, 3.83, 1.69, 0.73); III, 5.03 (1.26, 2.14, 0.86, 0.77); IV, 5.21 (1.48, 2.14, 0.83, 0.76). Leg formula: 2143. Otherwise colour and patterns same as in male.</p><p>Epigyne (Figs 6D, E). Epigynal plate slightly wider than long; copulatory openings located posteriorly; copulatory ducts thick and short; spermatheca stomach-shaped; fertilization ducts short.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB749D3BB71EFF94FF4B66FB5A76FC4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhou, Yu-Chen;Qin, Xin-Yu;Zhou, Gu-Chun;Peng, Xian-Jin;Liu, Ping	Zhou, Yu-Chen, Qin, Xin-Yu, Zhou, Gu-Chun, Peng, Xian-Jin, Liu, Ping (2025): Two new species of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (1): 105-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
