identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DA2C4500FFE84325E1C9FC6FFAB46CE8.text	DA2C4500FFE84325E1C9FC6FFAB46CE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phrynus luisdearmasi Dunlop & Bartel 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phrynus luisdearmasi sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 1–3</p>
            <p>Etymology. The new species-group name is proposed in honour of Prof. Luis F. de Armas for his extensive contributions towards the study of whip spiders, and other arachnids, in the Neotropics.</p>
            <p> Type series.  MB.A. 1747. Holotype and only known specimen. From Dominican Republic amber. Miocene: Burdigalian (ca. 20.43 – 15.97 Mya).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Fossil  Phrynus species from the ‘A’ group sensu Quintero (1983), body length of holotype ca. 8 mm, with leg I tibia subdivided into 34 articles. Ventral pedipalp femoral spination pattern, FvI–II&gt; FvV&gt; FvIII&gt; FvVI&gt; 5vIV; dorsal pedipalp patella spination pattern Pd5&gt; Pd3&gt; Pd2&gt; Pd4&gt; Pd6&gt; Pd1 = Pd7, with Pd6 almost the same size as Pd4; both dorsal pedipalp tibial spine 1 and proximal ventral tibial spine pronounced. Closely-related living (and fossil) species have less than 34 leg I tibial articles. Relatively large dorsal tibial spine 1 in the new species also differentiates it from both the amber species  Ph. resinae and the extant species  Ph. marginemaculatus ,  Ph. alejandroi Armas &amp; Teruel, 2010 ,  Ph. eucharis Armas &amp; Pérez González, 2001 , and  Ph. kennidae Armas &amp; Pérez González, 2001 , in which this tibial spine is noticeably smaller. Pedipalp spination of the new species resembles that of  Ph. hispaniolae Armas &amp; Pérez González, 2001 , and  Ph. decoratus Teruel &amp; Armas, 2005 , both of which also have a more pronounced dorsal tibial spine 1, but in the new species Pd6 and Pd4 are similar in size whereas in  Ph. decoratus P6 is noticeably shorter than P4; while the number of tibial articles (34) differentiates the new fossil from  Ph. hispaniolae which has, at most, only 32 articles. </p>
            <p>Description. Almost complete inclusion, visible in both dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 1); limb series almost complete, better preserved on right side. Total preserved length ca. 8. Carapace reniform, wider than long; length 2.9, maximum width 4.2. Median and lateral eyes present (Fig. 2), but lateral eyes inconspicuous. Chelicerae largely tucked beneath carapace, total length ca. 1.5; pattern of cheliceral dentition equivocal. Sternal elements between leg coxae also equivocal.</p>
            <p>Pedipalps robust and spinous (Fig. 2). Article lengths: trochanter 0.8, femur 1.4, patella 2.4, tibia 1.4, tarsus 1.2. Trochanter with 4 spines, from proximal to distal second spine largest; trochanter with at least three long setae. Femur with six dorsal spines (Fig. 3B), numbered from proximal to distal; Fd1–3 larger than 4–6, but angle of preservation makes resolving whether there was a common F1+F2 base sensu Armas &amp; Pérez González (2001) equivocal, and also makes it difficult to accurately determine the relative heights of 4–6. Femur also ventrally with six spines (designated by Roman numerals sensu Seiter et al. 2022), FvI–II longest, followed by FvV, then FvIII and FvVI, with 5vIV shortest. Patella wide with eight (left, Fig. 3B) and seven (right) dorsal spines, again numbered from proximal to distal. From longest to shortest: Pd5&gt; Pd3&gt; Pd2&gt; Pd4&gt; Pd6&gt; Pd1 = Pd7. Additional (eighth) spine on left side shorter than Pd7 (Fig. 3B); not usually included in notation scheme. Ventrally with at least 5 subequal spines, but details lacking. Tibia with three dorsal spines (Fig. 3B); from proximal to distal 1 and 3 approximately equal in length, spine 2 about twice as long as 1 and 3. Tibia with at least two ventral spines (Fig. 2D), proximal one shorter than distal one. Details equivocal, but presence of a well-developed first ventral tibial spine here distinctive. Tarsus sickle-shaped, bearing a tuft of seta (the cleaning organ) about midway along its length (Figs 2B, D); no additional spine on the prodorsal surface.</p>
            <p>Legs gracile (Fig. 1), leg I especially elongate and slender. Leg I article lengths: femur 6.9, patella 0.5, tibia 13.3, tarsus at least 8.5, but distal tip equivocal. Both tibia and metatarsus with multiple short articles, 34 the tibia (Fig. 3A) and at least 50 tarsal elements. Leg II article lengths: femur 5.1, patella, 0.5, basitibia 4.2, distitibia 2.5, basitarsus 0.6, tarsus 0.7. Leg III article lengths: femur 6.0, patella 0.5, basitibia 3.7, remaining articles ca. 4.4, but details equivocal. Leg IV article lengths: femur 5.5, patella 0.5, basitibia 4.4, distitibia 2.9, basitarsus 0.7, tarsus 0.8. Basitibiae of legs II–IV with weakly expressed subdivision into three articles, distal basitibiae and distitibiae with several long trichobothria, but details equivocal. Tarsi of at least legs II and IV subdivided into three tarsomeres; tarsus terminates in a pair of small claws. This tarsal configuration was probably present in leg III too, but structure of leg tip here equivocal.</p>
            <p>Opisthosoma broadly oval (Fig. 1), anteriormost part slightly tucked under posterior carapace margin, opisthosoma also tapering somewhat posteriorly; length 5.4, maximum width 3.9. At least 8 tergites visible, anteriormost elements slightly recurved, otherwise all with straight posterior margins; at least 5 tergites with pairs of indented muscle apodemes towards centre of the plate. Ventrally (Fig. 1C–D), genital operculum, and succeeding sternite, with notably recurved posterior margins. Genital structures associated with genital plate equivocal. Other sternites poorly preserved, but ca. five elements demarcated by weak transverse lines. Posteriormost opisthosomal segments converge towards a blunt pygidium, but details of individual elements here difficult to resolve.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C4500FFE84325E1C9FC6FFAB46CE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dunlop, Jason A.;Bartel, Christian	Dunlop, Jason A., Bartel, Christian (2025): A new species of fossil Phrynus Lamarck, 1801, from Dominican Republic amber (Amblypygi: Phrynidae). Zootaxa 5563 (1): 64-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.7
DA2C4500FFED4325E1C9FE2CFDBF6F84.text	DA2C4500FFED4325E1C9FE2CFDBF6F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phrynus poinari Dunlop & Bartel 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phrynus poinari nom. nov.</p>
            <p> Phrynus mexicana [sic] Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004: 1882–1883, figs 1–9, photo 696 (junior primary homonym of  Phrynus mexicanus Bilimek, 1867 ). </p>
            <p> Phrynus mexicanus : Dunlop et al. 2015: 201–203; Opinion 2453 2020: 61–62. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The new species-group name is proposed in honour of Prof. George O. Poinar jr. for his extensive contributions towards the study of amber inclusions; especially in the Neotropics.</p>
            <p> Type series.  Holotype in the Poinar amber collection (Accession no. A-10-264), maintained at Oregon State University, USA. Chiapas amber, Mexico. Miocene: Aquitanian.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This second amber  Phrynus species was initially named  Phrynus mexicana Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004 , and comes from the probably slightly older (Riquelme et al. 2024) Chiapas amber of Mexico.As noted by Dunlop et al. (2015), it should have been named  ‘ mexicanus ’ which renders it a junior primary homonym of a Recent species  Phrynus (now  Paraphrynus )  mexicanus Bilimek, 1867 . An appeal by Dunlop et al. (2015) to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve  Ph. mexicanus Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004 , on the grounds of Bilimek’s species having been transferred to another genus was unsuccessful (Opinion 2453). The commission’s ruling suggested that the simplest solution would be a replacement name for the amber fossil. In this context, we take the opportunity to rename the Chiapas whip spider  Phrynus poinari nom. nov. in recognition of George Poinar who initially described the species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C4500FFED4325E1C9FE2CFDBF6F84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dunlop, Jason A.;Bartel, Christian	Dunlop, Jason A., Bartel, Christian (2025): A new species of fossil Phrynus Lamarck, 1801, from Dominican Republic amber (Amblypygi: Phrynidae). Zootaxa 5563 (1): 64-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.7
