identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D81587856A52FFA2FF73CD07FE126CFA.text	D81587856A52FFA2FF73CD07FE126CFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyrhabda citrinacma Meyrick 1936	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pachyrhabda citrinacma Meyrick, 1936</p>
            <p>Figure 1–3</p>
            <p> Pachyrhabda citrinacma Meyrick, 1936: 617 . Type locality: “Taihoku, Formosa ”. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> Syuti Issiki-collected specimen:   The specimen of  Pachyrhabda citrinacma retrieved in (NTUE). 1 ♂, Taiwan: “ ♂. Taiwan, Sinten [=Xindian], 17 Apr 1935, S. Issiki Coll. (1♂, Gen. Prep. ZYS-0252, NTUE). (Fig. 1; Fig. 3A–B)  . </p>
            <p> Additional material examined.   3♀, Taiwan: New Taipei City, Xindian,  Sikanshui , ca 500m, 12 Feb 2018, reared from  Asplenium nidus , emg. 24 Mar–1 Apr 2018, Z. Y. Shen Coll. (NTNU)  .   1♂, 1♀, Taiwan: Yilan, Datong,  Qilanshan , ca. 420m, 25 Mar 2018, reared from  Aglaomorpha coronans , emg. 15 Apr–1 May 2018, Z. Y. Shen  Coll. (NMNS)  .   1♀, Taiwan: Tainan, Dongshan,  Kantoushan , ca. 600 m, 4 Jul 2018, reared from  Asplenium nidus , emg. 29 Jul 2018, Y. F. Hsu Coll. (NTNU)  .   1♂, Taiwan: Taizhong, Heping,  Shaolai , ca. 800m, 30 Sep 2018, reared from  Neolepisorus fortunei , emg. 1 Oct 2018, Y. Y. Lu Coll. (NMNS)  .   3♂, 2♀, Taiwan: New Taipei City, Wulai, Fushan, ca. 800m, 7 Jan 2019, reared from  Antrophyum formosanum , emg. 10–23 Feb 2019, Y. F. Hsu Coll. (1♂,  Gen. Prep. ZYS-0083, NTNU)  .   1♂, 13♀, Taiwan: New Taipei City, Wulai, Fushan, ca. 800m, 11 Feb 2020, reared from  Antrophyum formosanum , emg. 11–28 Mar 2020, Y. F. Hsu Coll. (1♀,  Gen. Prep. ZYS-0204, NTNU)  .   2♂, 1♀, Taiwan: Kaohsiung, Taoyuan,  Fenggangshan , ca 1000m, 20 May 2020, reared from  Asplenium antiquum ,emg. 27 Jul–19 Aug 2020, Z. Y. Shen, J. Y. Liang Coll. (NTNU)  . </p>
            <p>Redescription. Male (Fig. 2A–B): Forewing length 2.7–3.5 mm (n=3). Head: frons white, vertex covered by whitish-ocherous scales, occiput ocher; antenna with scape rod-shaped, white with black scales at the connection of flagellum, flagellum white; labial palps slender, long, strongly upcurved, white. Thorax: ocher with whitish streak on the anterior and posterior margin respectively. Legs: white; ventral side of fore legs covered by scales; mesotibia bearing a pair of spurs at distal joint, with outer spur approximately 1/2 length of inner spur; hind legs with black scales overlaid at junction of tibia and tarsus; metatibia overlaid with whitish bristles; metatibia bearing two pairs of whitish spurs at both proximal and distal joints, proximal spurs with outer one approximately 1/3 length of inner one, distal spurs with outer one approximately same length as inner one; metatarsus bearing a whorl of whitish bristles on each tarsomere. Forewing: ground color white with two ocherous blotches, widest toward costa, one located at -base and the other at middle of wing; cilia white. Hindwing: ground color white; cilia white. Abdomen bright orange-ocher; anal tuft present.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 2C–D): Forewing length 3.3–3.4 mm (n=3). Similar to male but lacking anal tuft in abdomen.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 3C–D): Uncus elongated triangular, apically down-curved, with acute apex, setae present laterally; gnathos tongue-shaped, approximately same length as uncus; tegumen well-developed; valva nearly oblong; costa acute at base; sacculus acute at base; costa nearly as thick as sacculus; cucullus oval, nearly same length as uncus, with numerous setae on inner surface; saccus nearly the same length as uncus; anellar lobes oval with numerous setae; phallus stout, approximately 3x as long as uncus, basal sclerotized structure developed, acute triangular, cornutus absent.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 3E): Papillae anales longer than width; apophyses posteriores slightly longer than apophyses anteriores; ostium bursae funnel-shaped; ductus bursae shorter than corpus bursae, corpus bursae with horn-shaped signum, situated at about anterior 1/3 of corpus bursae; bulla round; ductus seminalis with many small spines present at proximal end.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to  Pachyrhabda antinoma Meyrick, 1910 and  P. inanis Meyrick, 1936 . However, it can be distinguished from these two species by the distinctive color of its thorax. While the thorax of  P. citrinacma exhibits an ocherous coloration, the thorax of  P. antinoma and  P. inanis is characterized by a whitish coloration. </p>
            <p> Host plants.  Asplenium antiquum Makino, 1929 ,  A. nidus L., 1753 (  Aspleniaceae ),  Aglaomorpha coronans (Wall. Ex Mett.) Coppel., 1929 ,  Neolepisorus fortunei (T. Moore) L. Wang (  Polypodiaceae ), and  Antrophyum formosana Heron., 1915 (  Pteridaceae ). </p>
            <p>Biology. Larvae have been collected nearly the whole year in Taiwan. They constructed roughly oval shelters on the underside of the host fern fronds, adorned with silk, fern spores and their own frass (Fig. 4A). The larva (Fig. 4B) lived inside the shelter and fed on the spores until pupation. The pupae, which were oval-shaped, were enclosed within loose cocoons situated within the larval shelters (Fig. 4C). About one to one and a half month after pupation, adult moths (Fig. 4D) emerged without undergoing diapause.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Taiwan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D81587856A52FFA2FF73CD07FE126CFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shen, Zong-Yu;Su, Hung-En;Hsu, Yu-Feng	Shen, Zong-Yu, Su, Hung-En, Hsu, Yu-Feng (2024): Rediscovery of the mysterious Taiwanese micromoth Pachyrhabda citrinacma Meyrick, 1936 (Stathmopodidae) in museum and field, with notes on the fern-spore feeding larva. Zootaxa 5446 (2): 288-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5446.2.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.2.11
