taxonID	type	description	language	source
8B0BE0D4EEBE5719BB8E5E482A4A0975.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Ryukyu-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
8B0BE0D4EEBE5719BB8E5E482A4A0975.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and non-types are given in Table 1 of Koeda et al. (2013 b). Dorsal-fin spines 5 or 6, very rarely 5, soft rays 8 – 10, very rarely 8 or 10; anal-fin spines 3, soft rays 37 – 45, usually> 40; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 19, usually 17 or 18; pored lateral-line scales 51 – 62, usually> 54; scale rows above lateral line 4 ½ – 5 ½ (usually 4 ½); scale rows below lateral line 11 – 16, usually 12 – 14; predorsal scales 26 – 38; circumpeduncular scales 12 – 18, usually 16; gill rakers 7 – 10 + 20 – 23 = 28 – 32, usually 8 – 9 + 20 – 22 = 29 – 31; head length 26.3 – 31.8 % SL; body depth 40.2 – 47.3 % SL; eye diameter 36.0 – 47.1 % HL; upper jaw length 48.1 – 57.1 % HL; maximum 182.7 mm SL, usually <160 mm SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long; body copper to brownish, whiter in nighttime; faint blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; tip and / or anterior margin of dorsal fin blackish; blackish band on outer margin of anal fin usually absent; blackish or dusky band on posterior edge of caudal fin; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
8B0BE0D4EEBE5719BB8E5E482A4A0975.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean excepting small oceanic islands and atolls in central and southeastern Pacific. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Yaizu in Shizuoka Prefecture, Iburi and Otsuki in Kochi Prefecture, Nagasaki in Nagasaki Prefecture, Uchinoura Bay in Kagoshima Prefecture, Hachijo-jima islands in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima to Yonaguni-jima islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Minamidaito-jima Island in the Daito Islands, Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands in the Izu Islands, Haha-shima and Chichi-jima islands in the Ogasawara Islands. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Daxi in Yilan County, Yeh Liu in New Taipei City, Sihhu in Yunlin County, Tainan County, Checheng County, Hengchung, and Kenting in Pingtung County, Fugang in Taitung County, Lyudao, Lanyu, Xiao Liuqiu, and Penghu (Fig. 2). Common in coral-reef areas of the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan, the southern coast, and eastern islands (Lyudao and Lanyu) of Taiwan, but few in other areas. Specimens collected from 0 – 20 m depth.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
C01F69A9ECF758039B27B7544A769688.taxon	description	Description. Body shape oval, strongly compressed laterally; body deep, deepest at or near origin of dorsal fin; dorsal outline of head nearly straight or generally curved from snout to origin of dorsal fin; ventral outline of body generally curved to origin of pelvic fin; body depth rapidly decreases at posterior half of body; depth of caudal peduncle <1 / 4 of maximum body depth. Eye large; snout very short; interorbital space slightly convex or flat; two nostrils located just anterior to anterior margin of eye. Mouth large, strongly oblique; lower jaw slightly project beyond upper jaw; villiform teeth on jaws; tip of tongue free from floor of mouth. Lips thin. Gill opening large; outer margin of opercle and preopercle smooth. Gill membranes on left and right sides separate, free from isthmus. Gill rakers long, 6 – 13 (upper) + 17 – 28 (lower) on first gill arch. Body and head almost fully covered by strongly or weakly ctenoid scales except for lips and anterior to eye; ~ 1 / 3 of basal part of anal fin covered with small scales. Lateral line starts from uppermost position of opercle, generally follows dorsal outer margin, through middle of caudal peduncle, and extending to middle of posterior end of caudal fin. Anus slit-like, located just anterior to anal fin. Light organ present in some species (absent in species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere). Vertebral counts 10 + 15 (abdominal + caudal), very rarely 10 + 16; predorsal interneurals 3; 4 th interneural supporting 1 st dorsal-fin spine, inserted between 2 nd and 3 rd vertebrae; last interneural with last dorsal ray inserted between neural spines of 11 th and 12 th vertebrae, or 12 th and 13 th. First interhaemal supporting 1 st and 2 nd anal-fin spine, inserted in front of haemal spine of 11 th vertebra, and pointing to posterior end of dorsal fin. Dorsal fin single, triangular; its base short, shorter than longest ray; 5 – 7 spines, last longest; 8 – 13 soft rays, 1 st or 2 nd longest, rapidly shorter posteriorly. Anal fin low, its base very long, length longer than body depth; three spines, last longest; 24 – 49 soft rays, 1 st longest, gradually shorter posteriorly. Pectoral fin pointed posterodorsally; 15 – 20 rays, uppermost two rays unbranched, 3 rd or 4 th ray longest, shorter in lower; pectoral-fin length longer than length of longest dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic fin small, with one spine and five soft rays, 1 st longest; last ray not connected to body with membrane. Caudal fin triangular, weakly forked. Body color uniformly silver, copper, or golden without distinct patterns except for Pempheris ornata Mooi & Jubb, 1996 (not in the Northern Hemisphere) which has longitudinal golden stripes on body laterally.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
C01F69A9ECF758039B27B7544A769688.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indo-Pacific Ocean: north to southern Japan, east to Easter Island (not including Hawaii Islands), south to Tasmania, west to South Africa, and the Red Sea (some species migrated from the Red Sea to the eastern part of Mediterranean); western Atlantic Ocean: north to Florida; south to Brazil (Mouneimne 1979; Golani and Ben-Tuvia 1986; Golani and Diamant 1991; Koeda et al. 2014).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
DEE4D131082B5440B017D10D9D9A8FF6.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Bonin-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
DEE4D131082B5440B017D10D9D9A8FF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and paratype are given in Table 1 of Koeda and Motomura (2017 a). Dorsal-fin rays VI, 9 – 10; anal-fin rays III, 35 – 36; pectoral-fin rays 17; pored lateral-line scales 84 – 88; scale rows above lateral line 14 – 15; scale rows below lateral line 28 – 30; predorsal scales 50 – 55; circumpeduncular scales 26; gill rakers 12 – 13 + 22 – 26 = 34 – 39; head length 28.8 – 30.1 % SL; body depth 42.9 – 43.7 % SL; eye diameter 46.8 – 47.6 % HL; upper jaw length 50.0 – 56.3 % HL; maximum 153 mm SL; scales strongly ctenoid, adherent, divided into basal and distal halves (Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 b); body copper; distinct blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; tip of dorsal and anal fins broadly black, and rest brown; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline U-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
DEE4D131082B5440B017D10D9D9A8FF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the Ogasawara Islands (Fig. 5).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
FE95D3FFCBEE5A1D84B4E87033D6FB17.taxon	description	Figs 5, 6, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Tsumaguro-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
FE95D3FFCBEE5A1D84B4E87033D6FB17.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of syntypes and non-types are given in Table 1 of Koeda and Motomura (2017 a). Dorsal-fin rays VI, 10 – 12; anal-fin rays III, 34 – 40; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 17; pored lateral-line scales 69 – 82; scale rows above lateral line 12 – 13; scale rows below lateral line 26 – 30; predorsal scales 40 – 44; circumpeduncular scales 22 – 24; gill rakers 8 – 12 + 19 – 25 = 28 – 35; head length 28.3 – 31.4 % SL; body depth 43.2 – 47.7 % SL; eye diameter 38.1 – 50.0 % HL; upper jaw length 50.0 – 56.3 % HL; maximum 153 mm SL; scales strongly ctenoid, adherent, divided into basal and distal halves (see Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 b); body copper; no or faint blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; tip of dorsal and anal fins broadly black, remainder brown; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline U-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
FE95D3FFCBEE5A1D84B4E87033D6FB17.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the region from southern Korea to southern Japan. In Japanese waters, P. japonica is distributed in the Pacific coast (north to Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture, south to Kagoshima Prefecture), Japan Sea coast (east to Miyazu in Kyoto Prefecture, west to Tsuno-shima Island in Yamaguchi Prefecture), Tsushima Island, East China Sea coast (north to Nagasaki, south to Kagoshima prefectures), Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, Iou-jima, Amami-oshima, and Okinawa-jima in Ryukyu Archipelago (very rare in the latter two islands) (Fig. 5).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
942D4C7252625279B581CFFDC4743B84.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8; Table 1, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Taiwan-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
942D4C7252625279B581CFFDC4743B84.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and non-types are given in Table 1. Dorsal-fin rays VI, 9; anal-fin rays III, 42 – 44; pectoral-fin rays 18 – 20; pored lateral-line scales 72 – 81 usually> 79; scale rows above lateral line 8 1 / 2 – 9 1 / 2; scale rows below lateral line 23 – 28; circumpeduncular scales 22 – 24; gill rakers 8 + 19 – 20 = 27 – 28; head length 30.0 – 30.9 %; body depth 44.6 – 46.9 %; eye diameter 41.0 – 46.4 %; upper jaw length 51.3 – 53.5 %; maximum 161 mm SL; snout sharp; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 a); body silver to dark brown in fresh specimens; tip and anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; anal fin pale with faint black band on base; paired fins pink; posterior half of caudal fin dusky; body light brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fin usually persistent, but not in holotype; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline is V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
942D4C7252625279B581CFFDC4743B84.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded only from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Vietnam. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Nang-fang-ao in Yilan County, Keelung City, Aodi, Wanli, and Gongliao in New Taipei City, Tainan County, Fugang in Taitung County, Hengchung and Maobitou in Pingtung County, Lyudao, and Penghu (Fig. 8).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
3AA554BFA056542BB1F3B865EB498645.taxon	description	Figs 9, 10, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Yume-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
3AA554BFA056542BB1F3B865EB498645.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and non-types are given in Table 2 of Koeda et al. (2010 a). Dorsal-fin rays VI, 9 – 10; anal-fin rays III, 38 – 46; pectoral-fin rays 17 – 19; pored lateral-line scales 60 – 72; scale rows above lateral line 5 1 / 2 – 7 1 / 2, usually 6 1 / 2; scale rows below lateral line 13 – 17; predorsal scales 33 – 44; circumpeduncular scales 18 – 22; gill rakers 8 – 9 + 20 – 22 = 28 – 31; head length 27.7 – 31.5 %; body depth 40.9 – 48.2 %; eye diameter 36.4 – 43.9 %; upper jaw length 50.0 – 56.0 %; maximum 208 mm SL, usually <180 mm SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 a); body silver; distinct blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; blackish band on anal-fin base with rarely blackish band on its margin; upper margin of pectoral fin dusky; villiform tooth band extending outside lips on large specimen; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
3AA554BFA056542BB1F3B865EB498645.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the western to central Pacific Ocean (not in the Hawaiian Islands), and Christmas Island and Cocos-Keeling Island in the Indian Ocean. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Tanega-shima to Yonaguni-jima islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Minamidaito-jima Island in the Daito Islands, and Haha-shima and Chichi-jima islands in the Ogasawara Islands. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Nang-fang-ao in Yilan County, Yeh Liu in New Taipei City, Tainan County, Chung-chou in Kaohsung County, Hengchung, and Kenting in Pingtung County, Fugang in Taitung County, and Lanyu (Fig. 10).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
F34475CC5F345A9484F995135C7D54F4.taxon	description	Figs 8, 11, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Mie-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
F34475CC5F345A9484F995135C7D54F4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and non-types are given in Table 1. Dorsal-fin rays VI – VII, 9 – 10; anal-fin rays III, 40 – 46; pectoral-fin rays 17 – 20; pored lateral-line scales 67 – 78, usually fewer than 73; scale rows above lateral line 8 ½ – 10 ½; scale rows below lateral line 19 – 22; circumpeduncular scales 24; gill rakers 7 – 9 + 19 – 22 = 28 – 30; head length 28.1 – 29.7 %; body depth 40.6 – 44.6 %; eye diameter 38.9 – 43.2 %; upper jaw length 50.0 – 55.6 %; maximum 170 mm SL; snout sharp; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 a); dorsal half of body brown, with golden reflection in fresh specimen; ventral half golden; tip and anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; faint blackish band on anal-fin base; dusky band on outer edge of anal fin; paired fins pink; posterior half of caudal fin dusky; body pale brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fins usually persistent, but not in holotype; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
F34475CC5F345A9484F995135C7D54F4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to southern Japan known from Tateyama at Boso Peninsular in Chiba Prefecture, Misaki and Manazuru in Kanagawa Prefecture, Nishi-izu at Izu Peninsular in Shizuoka Prefecture, Toba and Shima in Mie Prefecture, Muroto, Susaki, Tosashimizu, Iburi, and Otsuki in Kochi Prefecture, Nobeoka and Nango in Miyazaki Prefecture, Uchinoura Bay, Kagoshima Bay, Ibusuki, and Minami-satsuma in Kagoshima Prefecture, Miyake-jima Island in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, and Kuchinoerabu-jima islands in the northern Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. 8).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
F87C301464B25BC99D8439495B1E94C6.taxon	description	Figs 12, 13, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Minami-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
F87C301464B25BC99D8439495B1E94C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and paratypes are given in Table 2. Dorsal-fin rays VI – VII, very rarely VII, 9 – 10, very rarely 10; anal-fin rays III, 35 – 42, usually> 37; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 18; pored lateral-line scales 44 – 53; scale rows above lateral line 3 ½ or 4 ½, very rarely 4 ½; scale rows below lateral line 10 – 13; predorsal scales 23 – 30; circumpeduncular scales 10 – 12; gill rakers 6 – 9 + 18 – 22 = 25 – 30; head length 27.9 – 33.0 %; body depth 40.2 – 47.2 %; eye diameter 35.5 – 45.5 %; upper jaw length 50.0 – 56.7 %; maximum 126 mm SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 a); body golden in day time and silverish in night time; tip of dorsal fin and / or anterior margin of dorsal fin blackish; faint blackish band on anal-fin outer margin; blackish band on anal-fin base; posterior margin of caudal fin dusky; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; posterior nostril usually slit-like; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
F87C301464B25BC99D8439495B1E94C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Tanega-shima to Yonaguni-jima islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Minamidaito-jima Island in Daito Islands, and very rarely collected from Minamisatsuma in Kagoshima Prefecture. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Daxi in Yilan County, Gungliau and Yeh Liu in New Taipei City, Chi-gu in Tainan County, Ke-tzu-liao in Kaohsiung County, Hengchung, and Dong-gang, Kenting in Pingtung County, Fugang in Taitung County, Lanyu, and Penghu (Fig. 13). Specimens are collected from the caves or crevasses in coral reef areas of 0 – 25 m depth.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
3A60B6386666535A82CA6E59F048ECE1.taxon	description	Figs 14, 15, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Daito-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
3A60B6386666535A82CA6E59F048ECE1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and paratypes are given in Table 1 of Koeda et al. (2013 a). Dorsal-fin rays VI, 9; anal-fin rays III, 39 – 43; pectoral-fin rays 17 – 18; pored lateral-line scales 62 – 71; scale rows above lateral line 6 ½ – 7 ½ (usually 7 ½); scale rows below lateral line 15 – 18; predorsal scales 37 – 44; circumpeduncular scales 20 – 22; gill rakers 8 – 9 + 20 – 21 = 28 – 30; head length 26.2 – 29.9 %; body depth 39.7 – 44.4 %; eye diameter 37.5 – 45.8 %; upper jaw length 48.8 – 53.4 %; maximum 197 mm SL, usually <170 mm SL; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (Koeda et al. 2013 a: see fig. 2 a); body silver; distinct blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; dorsal fin yellow with tip blackish; blackish band on anal-fin outer margin; caudal fin bright yellow with blackish posterior margin; lacking villiform tooth band extending outside lips; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
3A60B6386666535A82CA6E59F048ECE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the Daito and Ogasawara islands (Fig. 15). Specimens collected from the crevasses with strong current in coral reef areas of 0 – 20 m depth.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
5912D4E8621D5DB9BF5E91576B60D30B.taxon	description	Figs 15, 16, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Kibire-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
5912D4E8621D5DB9BF5E91576B60D30B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of holotype and non-types are given in Table 2 of Koeda et al. (2010 b). Dorsal-fin rays VI, 9; anal-fin rays III, 38 – 43; pectoral-fin rays 17 – 19; pored lateral-line scales 56 – 65; scale rows above lateral line 5 ½ – 6 ½, usually 5 ½; scale rows below lateral line 12 – 15; predorsal scales 30 – 35; circumpeduncular scales 16 – 18; gill rakers 8 + 19 – 21 = 27 – 29; head length 29.1 – 31.7 %; body depth 42.4 – 46.3 %; eye diameter 37.5 – 42.9 %; upper jaw length 48.9 – 55.3 %; maximum 156 mm SL; snout rounded; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (Koeda et al. 2013 a: see fig. 2 a); body silverish to copperish in fresh specimen collected in day time, but silver in night time; tip of dorsal fin distinctly blackish; usually distinct blackish band on outer edge of anal fin; pectoral fin bright yellow (disappear in fixed specimens) with lacking blackish blotch on its base; posterior margin of caudal fin blackish; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
5912D4E8621D5DB9BF5E91576B60D30B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean except for small islands and atolls in central Pacific. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Iriomote-jima and Yonaguni-jima islands in the southern Ryukyu Archipelago. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Yeh Liu and Wang-li in New Taipei City, and Hengchung and Kenting in Pingtung County (Fig. 15). Specimens were collected from 0 – 2 m depth in Japan but are known from deeper (ca 20 m) in other areas. KK observed a small school of this species at Kuchinoerabu-jima Island (24 Aug. 2016).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
B7992AB5FDBC548FAAD0E9E07B59971B.taxon	description	Figs 13, 17, Suppl. material 2 New standard Japanese name: Mizuho-hatampo	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
B7992AB5FDBC548FAAD0E9E07B59971B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Counts of of holotype and paratypes are given in Table 2. Dorsal-fin rays VI – VII, 9; anal-fin rays III, 35 – 42; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 19; pored lateral-line scales 45 – 54; scale rows above lateral line 3 1 / 2; scale rows below lateral line 10 – 13; predorsal scales 23 – 28; circumpeduncular scales 12 – 14; gill rakers 7 – 9 + 18 – 21 = 25 – 27; head length 27.9 – 31.9 %; body depth 39.3 – 45.4 %; eye diameter 36.4 – 44.1 %; upper jaw length 48.3 – 57.1 %; maximum 137 mm SL; scales weakly ctenoid, very deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see Koeda et al. 2013 a: fig. 2 a); body golden in daytime, but silver in night time; no blackish blotch on; tip of dorsal fin distinctly blackish; anal-fin base zonal blackish, and margin very faintly blackish; caudal fin yellow (disappears in fixed specimens); pectoral and pelvic fin hyaline or pink; posterior margin of caudal fin dusky; body light brown to dark brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fins usually persistent; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; posterior nostril usually open, not compressed; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
B7992AB5FDBC548FAAD0E9E07B59971B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the Northwest Pacific, recorded only from Japan, Jeju Island in Korea (Kim and Sakai 2004), and China. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Pacific coast (north to Boso Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture, south to Kagoshima Prefecture), Tsushima Island, East China Sea coast (north to Goto Islands in Nagasaki Prefecture, south to Kagoshima Prefecture), Izu-oshima, Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands in Izu Islands, Chichi-jima, Haha-jima, Ototo-jima islands in Ogasawara Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, Kuchinoerabu-jima, Iou-jima and Take-shima islands in northern Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. 13).	en	Koeda, Keita, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu (2024): A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan. ZooKeys 1220: 123-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762
