identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BFA4933EF3E15374A75D06A2F6EEF2A8.text	BFA4933EF3E15374A75D06A2F6EEF2A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire bahli Gates 1945	<div><p>Metaphire bahli Gates, 1945</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype • adult (PNM 4681), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28925/lat 8.423445)">Poblacion</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28925/lat 8.423445)">Naawan</a>, Misamis Oriental, just adjacent to the building of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28925/lat 8.423445)">College of Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28925/lat 8.423445)">Forestry</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28925/lat 8.423445)">Environmental Science</a> of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28925/lat 8.423445)">Mindanao State University</a> at Naawan (8°25'24.4"N, 124°17'21.3"E), 154 m asl., Mindanao Island, Philippines, collectors: E. J. Florida, J. C. Cajes, 17 February 2020  .  Paratypes • adults (MSUN-A - 0004), same collection data as for holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Brown worm with adult size of 58–145 mm × 3.3–6 mm; equators pigmented; three pairs of spermathecal pores at 6 / 7–8 / 9; distance between spermathecal pores 0.16–0.25 circumference apart ventrally; distance between male pores 0.14–0.20 circumference apart ventrally, 3–8 setae between openings; setae on vii and xx 39–49 and 40–72, respectively; genital markings in 17 / 18 and 18 / 19 in line with male pores; male region strongly concave to form an ellipsoid-shaped or rounded area. Spermathecae paired, postseptal in vii, viii, and ix, no nephridia on ducts; each spermatheca large with pyriform ampulla, stout muscular duct, stalked diverticulum attached to duct near the base of the duct, terminating in ovate receptacles, stalks long, convoluted; male sexual system holandric; copulatory bursae not prominent; round genital marking glands present in xvii and xix; intestinal origin xv, caeca simple originating in xxvii, extending forward to xxiv; prostates large in xvi to xx, each a single, dense, racemose mass; copulatory bursae not prominent; round genital marking glands present in xvii and xix (Aspe and Obusan 2023).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This is the first record of  Metaphire bahli on Mindanao Island.  Metaphire bahli had been recorded in Batangas, Manila, Angeles City, Pangasinan, Panay, Negros, and Sibuyan Island (Thai and Samphon 1989; Blakemore 2016) and previously documented being cultured for its vermicast in a vermifacility in Los Baños City, Laguna (Aspe and Obusan 2023). Outside of the Philippines,  M. bahli had also been recorded in Sri Lanka, Vietnam (Nguyen et al. 2016, 2017, 2020), India (Narayanan et al. 2019), Thailand (Prasankok et al. 2013), Laos and Cambodia (Gates 1945), as well as in Darwin, Australia (Blakemore 2016).  Metaphire bahli has been explored in the College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Science of the Mindanao State University at Naawan for various applications such as in agriculture and aquaculture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BFA4933EF3E15374A75D06A2F6EEF2A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aspe, Nonillon M.;Zhao, Huifeng;Mapile, Maria Reynalen F.;Obusan, Maria Christine M.;Zhang, Yufeng;Castañares, Edgar;Florida, Eric John D.;Wu, Donghui	Aspe, Nonillon M., Zhao, Huifeng, Mapile, Maria Reynalen F., Obusan, Maria Christine M., Zhang, Yufeng, Castañares, Edgar, Florida, Eric John D., Wu, Donghui (2025): Three new species and a new record of pheretimoid earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae) from Misamis Oriental, Philippines, with data from the mitochondrial genome. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (1): 389-404, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.135702
5CE242E91F8B561CB10F21F917FEADED.text	5CE242E91F8B561CB10F21F917FEADED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima elnorroae Aspe & Zhao & Mapile & Obusan & Zhang & Castañares & Florida & Wu 2025	<div><p>Pheretima elnorroae sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype • adult (PNM 4682), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.360275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.418334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.360275/lat 8.418334)">Brgy</a>. Mapulog, Naawan, Misamis Oriental (8°25'06"N, 124°21'37"E), 845 m asl., Mindanao Island, Philippines, collectors: N. Aspe, E. Castañares, E. J. Florida, G. Marapao, 28 January 2020  .  Paratypes • adults (MSUN-A - 0002), same collection data as for holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named in honor of Dr. Elnor C. Roa, the incumbent Chancellor of the Mindanao State University at Naawan, who inspires the primary author of her visionary leadership.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Brown worm with adult length 95–122 mm, diameter 5–10 mm; equators pigmented; 117–128 segments; 7–9 setae between male pores; spermathecal pores 0.18 circumference apart ventrally; male openings 0.13–0.18 circumference apart ventrally. Spermathecae paired in viii, large with ovate ampulla, stalked diverticulum terminating in sausage-shaped receptacles; paired small copulatory bursae in xvii – xxi; genital markings lacking; caeca simple and long, originating in xxvii, extending forward to xviii; prostates large in xvi to xxii, penis present.</p><p>Description.</p><p>In live animals, dorsal brown, ventral pale, equators pigmented; Length 95–122 mm (n = 4 adults); diameter 5–7 mm at x, 7–10 mm at xx; body cylindrical in cross-section, tail blunt; 117–128 segments. First dorsal pore at 11 / 12; spermathecal pore one pair at 7 / 8, inconspicuous, distance between spermathecal pores 4 mm (0.18 circumference apart ventrally). Female pore single in xiv, openings of copulatory bursae paired in xviii, extending to xxi, distance between openings 4 mm (0.13–0.18 circumference apart ventrally), 7–9 setae between openings. Clitellum annular, from xiv to xvi. Setae evenly distributed around segmental equators; 43–71 setae on vii, 45–79 setae on xx, dorsal setal gaps absent, ventral setal gaps present. Genital marking lacking.</p><p>Septa 4 / 5–8 / 9 muscular, and 9 / 10–10 / 11 thin, 11 / 12–13 / 14 muscular. Dense tufts of nephridia on anterior faces of 5 / 6 and 6 / 7; nephridia of intestinal segments located mainly on body near septum / body wall junction. Large gizzard extending from ix to x, esophagus with low vertical lamellae x – xiii, intestinal origin xv, caeca simple and long, originating in xxvii, extending forward to xviii; Hearts in x to xiii, esophageal; commissural vessels in vi, vii, and ix, lateral.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels free in xiii. One pair of spermathecae in viii, with nephridia on ducts; each spermatheca large with ovate ampulla, short muscular duct, stalked diverticulum attached to duct near ampulla, terminating in irregular sausage-shaped receptacle, stalk thin. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels enclosed in paired sacs in x, xi; seminal vesicles xi, xii, each with digitate dorsal lobe; vesicles of xi enclosed in testes sac; vasa deferentia slender, free from body wall to ental end of prostatic ducts; prostates large in xvi to xxii, each a single, dense, racemose mass; short muscular duct entering on posterior margin of copulatory bursa; paired small copulatory bursae xvii – xxi; tapering penis present.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Pheretima elnorroae sp. nov., belongs to the  Pheretima sangirensis group of Sims and Easton (1972), characterized by having a pair of spermathecal pores in the intersegmental furrow of 7 / 8. Members of the group include  Ph. sangirensis Michaelsen, 1891,  Ph. apoensis Aspe &amp; James, 2016,  Ph. camiguinensis Aspe &amp; James, 2016,  Ph. sibucalensis Aspe &amp; James, 2016,  Ph. timpoongensis Aspe &amp; James, 2016,  Ph. alba James, 2004,  Ph. asurgo James, 2004,  Ph. baungonensis James, 2004,  Ph. ceramensis James, 2004,  Ph. diesmosi James, 2004,  Ph. lagunasensis James, 2004,  Ph. mariae James, 2004,  Ph. monoporata James, 2004,  Ph. paucisetosa James, 2004,  Ph. quincunxia James, 2004,  Ph. rubida James, 2004,  Ph. rugosa James, 2004,  Ph. vicinipora James, 2004,  Ph. virgata James, 2004,  Ph. immanis Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. boniaoi Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. lago Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. longigula Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. longiprosta Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. maculodorsalis Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. malidangensis Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. misamisensis Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. nolani Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. nunezae Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. tigris Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. wati Aspe &amp; James, 2014,  Ph. baracatanensis Aspe &amp; James, 2017,  Ph. floresi Aspe &amp; James, 2017,  Ph. solisi Aspe &amp; James, 2017,  Ph. bontocensis Hong &amp; James, 2021,  Ph. riparianensis Hong &amp; James, 2021, and  Pheretima elnorroae sp. nov. Among these, the new species is relatively similar to  Ph. boniaoi,  Ph. diesmosi,  Ph. camiguinensis,  Ph. nunezae,  Ph. paucisetosa,  Ph. baungonensis,  Ph. riparianensis,  Ph. baracatanensis, and  Ph. nolani in size (Table 2). But  Ph. elnorroae sp. nov., has the greatest number of body segments among the closely related species (117–128 vs. 87–111). The new species has a thicker body (5–10 mm) than that of  Ph. diesmosi (3.4 mm),  Ph. camiguinensis (3.5–5.2 mm),  Ph. baungonensis (4.2–4.5 mm), and  Ph. nolani (4.5–5 mm). It has a wider distance between spermathecal pores (0.18) than that of  Ph. boniaoi (0.14),  Ph. riparianensis (0.07), and  Ph. nolani (0.14) but has a narrower distance between spermathecal pores than that of  Ph. diesmosi (0.23),  Ph. nunezae (0.28),  Ph. baungonensis (0.38), and  Ph. baracatanensis (0.32). It also has a wider distance between male pores than that of  Ph. boniao (0.03) and  Ph. riparianensis (0.11) but has a narrower distance than that of  Ph. nunezae (0.22) and  Ph. baracatanensis (0.20–0.22). The new species also has more pre- and postclitellar setae (43–71, 45–79) than that of  Ph. diesmosi (28, 38),  Ph. camiguinensis (32–34, 39–44), and  Ph. paucisetosa (22, 28); it has more preclitellar setae than that of  Ph. baungonensis (38) and  Ph. riparianensis (37–43) and has more postclitellar setae than that of  Ph. nolani (42). Notably, the new species has the longest caeca (xxvii – xviii) among its closely related species. The new species also has penes, while  Ph. boniao,  Ph. diesmosi,  Ph. baungonensis, and  Ph. baracatanensis have none. In addition, the new species differs in the position of the prostate gland (xvi – xxii) from that of  Ph. boniaoi (xvi – xxi),  Ph. camiguinensis (xvii – xx / xxi),  Ph. nunezae (xvii – xix),  Ph. baracatanensis (xvi – xix), and  Ph. nolani (xv – xx).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CE242E91F8B561CB10F21F917FEADED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aspe, Nonillon M.;Zhao, Huifeng;Mapile, Maria Reynalen F.;Obusan, Maria Christine M.;Zhang, Yufeng;Castañares, Edgar;Florida, Eric John D.;Wu, Donghui	Aspe, Nonillon M., Zhao, Huifeng, Mapile, Maria Reynalen F., Obusan, Maria Christine M., Zhang, Yufeng, Castañares, Edgar, Florida, Eric John D., Wu, Donghui (2025): Three new species and a new record of pheretimoid earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae) from Misamis Oriental, Philippines, with data from the mitochondrial genome. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (1): 389-404, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.135702
249687078E2F5EDD959398C5B55E7B71.text	249687078E2F5EDD959398C5B55E7B71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima naawanensis Aspe & Zhao & Mapile & Obusan & Zhang & Castañares & Florida & Wu 2025	<div><p>Pheretima naawanensis sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype • adult (PNM 4683), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28956&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.440139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28956/lat 8.440139)">Brgy</a>. Poblacion, Naawan, Misamis Oriental (8°26'24.5"N, 124°17'22.4"E), 164 m asl., Mindanao Island, Philippines, collectors: E. Castañares, 10 February 2020  .  Paratypes • adults (MSUN-A - 0003), same collection data as for holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after the municipality of Naawan, Misamis Oriental, where it was collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Brown worm with adult length 82–100 mm, diameter 6–9 mm; equators pigmented; 67–120 segments; three pairs of spermathecal pores at 6 / 7 / 8 / 9. Spermathecae large with ovate ampulla, stalked diverticulum terminating in sausage-shaped receptacles; paired small copulatory bursae in xvii-xviii; genital markings lacking; caeca simple originating in xxvii, extending forward to xxiii; prostates large in xvii to xix; penis present.</p><p>Description.</p><p>In live animals, dorsal brown, ventral pale, equators pigmented; Length 82–100 mm (n = 2 adults); diameter 6–9 mm at x, 7–8 mm at xx; body cylindrical in cross-section, tail blunt; 67–120 segments. First dorsal pore at 13 / 14; spermathecal pore three pairs at 6 / 7 / 8 / 9, inconspicuous, distance between spermathecal pores 5.2 mm (0.18 circumference apart ventrally). Female pore single in xiv, openings of copulatory bursae paired in xviii, extending to xxi, distance between openings 4.2 mm (0.17 circumference apart ventrally), 4–5 setae between openings. Clitellum annular, from xiv to xvi. Setae evenly distributed around segmental equators; 29–33 setae on vii, 69–71 setae on xx, dorsal and ventral setal gaps absent. Genital marking lacking.</p><p>Septa 4 / 5–8 / 9 muscular, and 9 / 10–10 / 11 thin, 11 / 12–13 / 14 muscular. Dense tufts of nephridia on anterior faces of 5 / 6 and 6 / 7; nephridia of intestinal segments located mainly on body near septum / body wall junction. Large gizzard extending from ix to xi, esophagus with low vertical lamellae x – xiii, intestinal origin xv, caeca simple originating in xxvii, extending forward to xxiii; Hearts in x to xiii, esophageal; commissural vessels in vi, vii, and ix, lateral.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels free in xiii. Three pairs of spermathecae in vii, viii, ix with nephridia on ducts; each spermatheca large with ovate ampulla, short muscular duct, stalked diverticulum attached to duct near ampulla, terminating in sausage-shaped receptacle, stalk thin. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels enclosed in paired sacs in x, xi; seminal vesicles xi, xii, each with digitate dorsal lobe; vesicles of xi enclosed in testes sac; vasa deferentia slender, free from body wall to ental end of prostatic ducts; prostates large in xvii to xix, each a single, dense, racemose mass; short muscular duct entering on lateral margin of copulatory bursa; copulatory bursae small in xvii – xviii; tapering penis present.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Pheretima naawanensis sp. nov., belongs to the  Ph. dubia group of Sims and Easton (1972), characterized by having three pairs of spermathecal pores in 6 / 7–8 / 9. Members of the group include  Ph. callosa Gates, 1937,  Ph. poiana Michaelsen, 1913,  Ph. philippina Rosa, 1981,  Ph. losbanosensis Aspe &amp; Obusan, 2023,  Ph. korinchiana Cognetti, 1922,  Ph. vungtauensis Nguyen et al., 2018,  Ph. dubia Horst, 1893,  Ph. julkai Hong &amp; James, 2011,  Ph. banaoi Hong &amp; James, 2010,  Ph. lamaganensis Hong &amp; James, 2011,  Ph. balbalanensis Hong &amp; James, 2010,  Ph. globosa Hong &amp; James, 2011, and  Ph. naawanensis sp. nov. In terms of the distance between spermathecal pores, the new species is similar to  Ph. losbanosensis, a significantly larger worm, while the other members of the species group have a wider distance between male pores (0.19–0.4) (Table 3). Similar to  Ph. dubia (0.17), the new species has a wider distance between male pores than that of  Ph. losbanosensis (0.15) but has a narrower distance between male pores than that of the other members of the species group (0.18–0.29). In terms of length,  Ph. naawanensis sp. nov. is relatively similar to  Ph. korinchiana Cognetti, 1922, and  Ph. dubia Horst, 1893 . However, the new species has fewer preclitellar setae (29–33) and more postclitellar setae than the two species (38, 43, and 52, respectively). It also has fewer setae between male pores (4–5) than the two species (12 and 10, respectively). In addition, the new species has a narrower distance between spermathecal pores and between male pores (0.18 and 0.17, respectively) than  Ph. korinchiana (0.19–0.22) and has a significantly narrower distance between spermathecal pores than  Ph. dubia (0.38).  Pheretima naawanensis sp. nov., is so far the only species belonging to the  Ph. dubia group to be recorded from Mindanao Island, geographically isolated from any member of the species group.</p><p>Similar to  Po. andresi sp. nov.,  Pheretima naawanensis sp. nov. has shown to have potential for vermiculture and has been explored in the College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Science of the Mindanao State University at Naawan for various applications such as in agriculture and aquaculture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/249687078E2F5EDD959398C5B55E7B71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aspe, Nonillon M.;Zhao, Huifeng;Mapile, Maria Reynalen F.;Obusan, Maria Christine M.;Zhang, Yufeng;Castañares, Edgar;Florida, Eric John D.;Wu, Donghui	Aspe, Nonillon M., Zhao, Huifeng, Mapile, Maria Reynalen F., Obusan, Maria Christine M., Zhang, Yufeng, Castañares, Edgar, Florida, Eric John D., Wu, Donghui (2025): Three new species and a new record of pheretimoid earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae) from Misamis Oriental, Philippines, with data from the mitochondrial genome. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (1): 389-404, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.135702
668669E145F45BE5AAAFCC7DEF4D5B72.text	668669E145F45BE5AAAFCC7DEF4D5B72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypheretima andresi Aspe & Zhao & Mapile & Obusan & Zhang & Castañares & Florida & Wu 2025	<div><p>Polypheretima andresi sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype • adult (PNM 4680), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.30314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.386556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.30314/lat 8.386556)">Brgy</a>. Paniangan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.30314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.386556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.30314/lat 8.386556)">near the quarry site of the Republic Cement Iligan, Inc.</a> (8°23'11.6"N, 124°18'11.3"E), 410 m asl., Mindanao Island, Philippines, collectors: N. Aspe, E. Castañares, E. J. Florida, G. Marapao, 20 September 2022  .  Paratypes • adults (MSUN-A - 0001), same collection data as for holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named in honor of Andres Obusan, the son and inspiration of one of the authors of this work.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Brown worm with adult length 92–178 mm, diameter 4.5–5.9 mm; equators pigmented; 145–248 segments; first dorsal pore at 12 / 13; 8–9 setae between male pores; male openings 0.25 circumference apart ventrally; paired genital markings in xix to xxiii in line with male pores; spermathecae absent; prostates large in xv to xx.</p><p>Description.</p><p>In live animals, dorsal brown, ventral pale, equators pigmented; Length 92–178 mm (n = 4 adults); diameter 4.5–5.9 mm at x, 4.5–5.0 mm at xx; body cylindrical in cross-section, tail blunt; 145–248 segments. First dorsal pore at 12 / 13; spermathecal pore absent. Female pore single in xiv, distance between openings 4 mm (0.25 circumference apart ventrally), 8–9 setae between openings. Clitellum annular, from xiv to xvi. Setae evenly distributed around segmental equators; 60–64 setae on vii, 66–70 setae on xx, dorsal and ventral setal gaps absent. Genital marking present in segments xix to xxiii; in one individual, the right genital marking on xxiii is lacking.</p><p>Septa 4 / 5–8 / 9 muscular, and 9 / 10–10 / 11 lacking, 11 / 12–13 / 14 muscular. Dense tufts of nephridia on anterior faces of 5 / 6 and 6 / 7; nephridia of intestinal segments located mainly on body near septum / body wall junction. Large gizzard extending from ix to x, esophagus with low vertical lamellae x – xiii, intestinal origin xiv, no caeca; hearts in x to xiii, esophageal; commissural vessels in vi, vii, and ix, lateral.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels free in xiii. Spermathecae absent. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels enclosed in paired sacs in x, xi; seminal vesicles xi, xii, each with digitate dorsal lobe; vesicles of xi enclosed in testes sac; vasa deferentia slender, free from body wall to ental end of prostatic ducts; prostates large in xv to xx, each a single, dense, racemose mass; short muscular duct entering inconspicuous copulatory bursa.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Polypheretima andresi sp. nov., belongs to the  Po. elongata group of Sims and Easton (1972), characterized by having a pair of genital markings on xix, successive segments in line with the male pores, and shallow copulatory bursae. Members of the group include  Po. elongata Perrier, 1872,  Po. stelleri Michaelsen, 1892,  Po. everetti Beddard &amp; Fedarb, 1895,  Po. kinabaluensis Beddard &amp; Fedarb, 1895,  Po. phacellotheca Michaelsen, 1899,  Po. bukidnonensis Aspe &amp; James, 2015,  Po. mindanaoensis Aspe &amp; James, 2016,  Po. cokelat Fahri et al., 2017,  Po. elongatoides Fahri et al., 2017,  Po. kalimpaaensis Fahri et al., 2017,  Po. sahlani Fahri et al., 2017,  Po. fleischmani Aspe et al., 2021,  Po. irawanensis Aspe et al., 2021,  Po. jenniferae Aspe et al., 2021,  Po. mantalingahanensis Aspe et al., 2021,  Po. puertoprincesaensis Aspe et al., 2021,  Po. victoriaensis Aspe et al., 2021, and  Po. andresi sp. nov. Among the species in the  Po. elongata group,  Po. andresi sp. nov. is relatively similar to  Po. jenniferae,  Po. sahlani,  Po. cokelat,  Po. irawanensis,  Po. kalimpaaensis,  Po. kinabaluensis,  Po. fleischmani,  Po. bukidnonensis,  Po. mantalingahanensis and  Po. mindanaoensis in size (Table 1). However, the new species (4.5–5.9 mm) has a thinner body than that of  Po. irawanensis (6.5–7 mm) but has a body thicker than that of  Po. mantalingahanensis (3–4 mm).  Polypheretima andresi sp. nov. has a wider space between male pores (0.25) than that of  Po. irawanensis (0.22),  Po. bukidnonensis (0.22), and  Po. mindanaoensis (0.23) but narrower than that of  Po. jenniferae (0.27),  Po. sahlani (0.5),  Po. cokelat (0.4), and  Po. kalimpaaensis (0.25). The new species has fewer setae on vii (60–64) than that of  Po. sahlani (78–89) and  Po. irawanensis (94) but has more setae on the same segment than that of  Po. kinabaluensis (&lt;40),  Po. fleischmani (50–53),  Po. bukidnonensis (39–45),  Po. mantalingahanensis (38–43), and  Po. mindanaoensis (41–53). The new species also has fewer post-clitellar setae (66–70) than that of  Po. irawanensis (79) but more in the same area compared with  Po. cokelat (46–62),  Po. kalimpaaensis (48–52),  Po. fleischmani (59–65),  Po. bukidnonensis (46–58),  Po. mantalingahanensis (42–49), and  Po. bukidnonensis (44–46). Notably, the new species is also similar to  Po. jenniferae and some individuals of  Po. sahlani and  Po. mindanaoensis in having no spermathecae but differs from these species in the position of the prostate glands (xv – xx vs. xvi – xxi, xvi – xix). Gates (1972) suggested that the absence of spermathecae in species or adult individuals may result in parthenogenetic reproduction.</p><p>In a separate study,  Po. andresi sp. nov., which showed to have a potential for vermiculture for the purpose of various applications, has been assessed for its gut microbiota profile. Initial results show that there is a significantly higher diversity of gut microorganisms in  Po. andresi sp. nov., which have potential benefits in agriculture, bioremediation, and in medicine compared to the gut microbiota in the African nightcrawler  Eudrilus eugeniae, which is a popular vermiculture commodity in the Philippines (Mapile et al. unpublished).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/668669E145F45BE5AAAFCC7DEF4D5B72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aspe, Nonillon M.;Zhao, Huifeng;Mapile, Maria Reynalen F.;Obusan, Maria Christine M.;Zhang, Yufeng;Castañares, Edgar;Florida, Eric John D.;Wu, Donghui	Aspe, Nonillon M., Zhao, Huifeng, Mapile, Maria Reynalen F., Obusan, Maria Christine M., Zhang, Yufeng, Castañares, Edgar, Florida, Eric John D., Wu, Donghui (2025): Three new species and a new record of pheretimoid earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae) from Misamis Oriental, Philippines, with data from the mitochondrial genome. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (1): 389-404, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.135702
