identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C0314958331F6A22487521BA0724F223.text	C0314958331F6A22487521BA0724F223.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metopomystrum Guenther 1939	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  
Metopomystrum 
Guenther
, 1939
</p>
            <p> =  Apteromystrum Storozhenko, 2016, syn. n. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Metopomystrum pehlkei Günther , 1939 by original designation. </p>
            <p>Composition and distribution.</p>
            <p> Five species, all in northern part of South America (Brazil, Colombia), namely (1)  M. amazoniensis (Colombia: Amazonas), (2)  M. apterum (Brazil: Bahia), (3)  M. lilianae (Colombia: Santander), (4)  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n. (Brazil: Alagoas), and (5)  M. pehlkei (Colombia: Tolima). </p>
            <p>Revised generic description.</p>
            <p>Head. Frontal costa bifurcation situated above the paired lateral ocelli, between the compound eyes, so the frontal costa is long and evident before bifurcation, scutellum narrower than scapus, antennal grooves situated at the level of the lower margins of the compound eyes, paired lateral ocelli situated between the compound eyes, head and eyes exserted above pronotum, eyes protruding, so the vertex is not visible in lateral view, antennae 15-segmented, filiform, with cylindrical segments and smooth margins, fastigium narrower than the compound eyes, lateral carinae of the vertex continuous, not elevated, median carina of the vertex very weak, almost absent, anterior margin of the vertex rounded or acute, fastigium of the vertex projecting forwards and forming a horn longer than combined length of a compound eye and frontal costa above its bifurcation, dorsum of the horn with deep depression formed of joined fossulae, frontal ridge in lateral view with weak excision between the compound eyes.</p>
            <p>Pronotum. slender in appearance, anterior margin truncated, prozonal carinae present, parallel or slightly diverging, extralateral carinae indistinct, median carina continuous from the anterior margin to the posterior apex, pronotal projections lacking, humeral angle wide, obliquely rounded, interhumeral carinae indistinct, interscapular area in winged species narrow with parallel margins, in wingless species as wide as mid femur, lateral area wider in wingless species, humero-apical, humeral and lateral carinae continuous, not armed or tuberculated, paranota triangular, lateral lobes of the pronotum directed slightly sidewards, with rounded apex lacking ventrolateral spine, dorsum of pronotum between the carinae smooth, pronotal apex truncated or acute.</p>
            <p>Legs. Fore and mid femora not significantly compressed, fore femora with straight to slightly undulated dorsal and ventral margins, not armed with teeth or spines, mid femora not compressed, carinated above, with straight to slightly undulated dorsal and more undulated ventral margins, hind femora with smooth dorsal and ventral margins, dorsal margin with genicular and antigenicular teeth in hind knee, transverse ridges in the external surface well visible, not armed with lappets or spines, hind tibiae and tarsi not flattened or widened.</p>
            <p>Revised generic diagnosis.</p>
            <p> From other genera previously assigned to  Cleostratini or  Miriatrini , and from all the South American  Metrodorinae genera (  Allotettix Hancock, 1899;  Amorphopus Serville, 1838;  Chiriquia Morse, 1900;  Cota Bolívar , 1887;  Cotys Bolívar , 1887;  Crimisus Bolívar , 1887;  Eomorphopus Hancock, 1900;  Hancockiella Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona, 2015;  Metrodora Bolívar , 1887;  Miriatra Bolívar , 1906;  Otumba Morse, 1900;  Platythorus Morse, 1900;  Plesiotettix Hancock, 1907;  Scabrotettix Hancock, 1907 and  Trigonofemora Hancock, 1906). The genus  Metopomystrum can be separated by the following set of characters: head exserted above the pronotum, frontal costa long above the bifurcation, antennal grooves situated at the level of the lower margins of the compound eyes, antennae 15-segmented, filiform, paired lateral ocelli situated between the compound eyes, median carina of the vertex weak, indistinct, not projecting forwards and not compressed, fastigium of the vertex with deep depression, lateral carinae of the vertex continuous, pronotum flat, without projections and protuberances, lateral pronotal lobes directed sidewards, having rounded apices, femora without teeth or lappets, fore and mid femora not compressed and flattened. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0314958331F6A22487521BA0724F223	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Skejo, Josip;Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro;Domenico, Fernando Campos De;Sperber, Carlos Frankl	Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Skejo, Josip, Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro, Domenico, Fernando Campos De, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2017): Comments on the recent changes in taxonomy of pygmy unicorns, with description of a new species of Metopomystrum from Brazil (Insecta, Tetrigidae, Cleostratini, Miriatrini). ZooKeys 702: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.702.13981, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.702.13981
3A05883B5AA1818005B385CD7329D576.text	3A05883B5AA1818005B385CD7329D576.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metopomystrum muriciense Silva & Skejo	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Metopomystrum muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo sp. n. Figures 1, 2, 3 </p>
            <p>Specimen.</p>
            <p> Holotype 1♂, in alcohol. Original label: "Brasil, Alagoas, Murici,  Estação Serra do Ouro (9°14.54'S, 35°50.2'W), 21-23/i/2013. C. Sperber e equipe leg."  “[licença Sisbio n° 37717]" (MNRJ). Conservation status: left antenna broken. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> Brazil: Alagoas state, municipality of Murici,  Estação Serra do Ouro, the holotype was caught in forest leaf litter [coordinates 9°14.54'S, 35°50.2'W]. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species name refers to the municipality of Murici.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species can be distinguished from other species of  Metopomystrum by the following set of characters: (i) long and acute fastigium, directed forwards, slightly upwards in its apex, (ii) forehead, genae and posthumeral spots in the pronotum yellowish, (iii) tegmina, alae and tegminal sinus absent, (iv) lateral lobes of the pronotum directed slightly sidewards, with rounded apex and yellowish band, (v) sternomentum necklace-shaped, brown with yellowish spots. </p>
            <p>Comparative notes.</p>
            <p> The species can easily be separated from winged Colombian species (  M. lilianae and  M. pehlkei ) by the horn morphology, fastigium having a rounded anterior margin in those species, while it is acute in  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n., and it is directed upwards in those species, while forwards in  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n.  Metopomystrum lilianae and  M. pehlkei are winged species, with visible tegmina, narrower than the maximum width of the mid femora, and tegminal sinus, hence narrow infrascapular area which is wide and evident in apterous  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n. From the apterous Colombian species  M. amazoniensis , the new species can be separated by the straight horn, not directed upwards as in  M. amazoniensis . However, the two species only share morphology of the anterior margin, laterally vertex being narrower in  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n. than in  M. amazoniensis . The occipital area in  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n. is much longer than in Colombian species of the genus. The species is morphologically most similar to  M. apterum , also from Brazil, with which it shares numerous morphological features, differing however in horn (projection of the fastigium of the vertex) direction-forwards and slightly upwards in  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n., while slightly downwards in  M. apterum . In  M. muriciense Silva &amp; Skejo, sp. n. the vertex is narrower and more acute than in  M. apterum . </p>
            <p>Holotype description.</p>
            <p> Head. In lateral view (Figs 2C, 3A): occipital area elongated and granulated, head and compound eye insert exerted above the pronotal disc; vertex is not visible; fastigium of vertex and frontal carina forming long triangular horn with acute apex that is as long as the compound eye measured from its most frontal point to the apex; frontal carina not projecting; antennal groove situated slightly below the compound eye, almost at the level of its lower margin; palpi compressed, segments enlarging towards apex. In frontal view (Fig. 2A): frontal costa above the bifurcation long; frontal costa bifurcation placed between the compound eyes; scutellum very narrow; scapus two times as wide as scutellum; antennae filiform with 15 antennomeres, segments elongated, cylindrical with smooth margins, paired lateral ocelli situated between the compound eyes, slightly below the frontal costa bifurcation; median ocellus placed in the end of facial carinae, in the place where frontal costa shallowly continues towards the clypeal triangle, of which carinae are also weak and not prominent, in the widest part; head slightly wider than the width between the lateral margins of the compound eyes. In dorsal view (Fig. 2B): vertex between the eyes as wide as a compound  eye’s horizontal diameter; fastigium of the vertex triangular, with acute apex; median carina of the vertex inconspicuous; fastigium lowest in the part of median carina, forming depression; occipital area 2  × shorter than a compound  eye’s vertical diameter and granulated. Coloration (Figs 2  A–C , 3A): fastigium of the vertex and vertex between the compound eyes dark brown; lateral area between frontal costa and lateral carinae of the vertex dark brown as well; median part of occipital area yellowish, with dark ornamentation; behind the eyes dark brown band with weaker pale brown and yellowish band inside; frons, clypeal triangle and gena pale yellowish; palpi pale; first four antennomeres almost white. </p>
            <p> Pronotum. Brachypronotal (because of lack of wings it can be also regarded nanopronotal, organs of flight not visible), reaching abdominal apex. In lateral view (Figs 2C, 3  A–B ): median carina slightly undulated; prozonal carina visible, short, extralateral carina inconspicuous, visible as a few fine tubercles; ventral sinus absent, covered with infrascapular area; sulci between prozonal and humero-apical carina deep; paranota smooth, with few pits and tubercles, triangularly shaped (in typical way for non-  Batrachideinae tetrigids); lateral lobe directed sidewards and truncated in apex; humero-apical carina connected to external lateral carina, which is parallel to median carina; infrascapular area wide, almost as wide as mid femur, with numerous shallow depressions (places where the chitinous layer is thinner, well visible by changing light under stereomicroscope); width of the infrascapular area decreasing towards apex; infrascapular area connected to narrow lateral area; internal lateral carina parallel to external lateral carina; apex of the pronotum directed upwards. In frontal view (Fig. 2A): shoulders not projected, lateral pronotal lobes directed downwards and sidewards. In dorsal view (Figs 2B, 3C): dorsum rich in fine granules, tubercles and small pits (shallow depressions in chitinous layer, look like holes, light permeable); anterior margin of the pronotum truncated, slightly inverted, prozonal carinae short, visible; angle between humero-apical and external lateral carinae obtusely rounded; median carina not strongly elevated, continuous; interhumeral carina indistinct; small posthumeral spots present; pronotum suddenly narrowed in the apex, its apex acute; lateral lobes with weak triangular ventrolateral projection with bluntly truncated apex, directed outwards and backwards. Coloration: dorsum brown, holes and granules being pale when enlightened; distal part of the disc, around apex, with numerous pale spots; ventral third of paranota with pale yellowish band; two posthumeral yellowish spots present, left rounded, while right triangular, smaller than observed in other  Tetrigidae species. </p>
            <p> Wings. Flightless species, tegmina and wing not visible, reduced and covered by infrascapular area of pronotum, not functional. (Note: to check if wings are present pronotum needs to be broken. We did not want to break the pronotum since there is only one specimen, the holotype).  Sternomentum (Fig. 2C) [= modified prothoracic sternum].  Sternomentum collar-like, necklace shaped, well visible in lateral and ventral view, brown in color, ornamented with numerous yellowish spots of the same shape as pits on pronotal surface. </p>
            <p> Legs (Figs 2  A–B , 3  A–D ). Fore legs: fore femur approximately rounded in cross-section; dorsal margin carinated, dorsal carina made of fine tubercles, slightly undulated; ventral carina made of fine tubercles too, almost straight; fore femur widened in medial part, narrowed towards proximal and distal connection; distal part of the dorsal margin bearing a blunt tooth; fore tibia robust, slightly longer than fore femur; distal third of the inner margin equipped with four pairs of spines; proximal tarsal segment short, with three rounded pulvilli on its ventral surface; distal tarsal segment longer than the proximal, at its apex with two claws. Mid legs: femur with distinctly carinated dorsal and ventral margins; dorsal and ventral carinae of the mid femur visible in lateral view, not very prominent; dorsal and ventral margins finely tuberculated, slightly undulated to almost straight; mid tibia slightly shorter than the mid femur, robust, with small spines on its inner margin; proximal tarsal segment short, with angular pulvilli on ventral surface; distal segment four times as long as proximal, at its apex with claws. Hind legs: dorsal and ventral margins of hind femora finely granulated, without lappets or projections; genicular and antigenicular teeth small; clearly visible hind femur elongated and reaching slightly below the pronotal apex when extended; external surface finely granulate, with seven transverse ridges in its external surface (or more if short are counted towards the knee); dorso-external and ventro-external carinae of the hind femur without tubercles or projections, smooth, dorsal margin in dorsal view straight; ventral margin and inner ventral margin of the hind femora straight; tibial sulcus (= the depression on the ventral side of the hind femora in which the tibiae are put when the grasshopper is walking) half as wide as hind femora in ventral view; hind tibiae robust, shorter than hind femora with dorsal surface concave, ventral convex, dorsal surface with two rows of spines from its middle to the connection tarsus; inner margin with nine visible spines, outer with seven, on connection of tibia and tarsus there are 6 spines, three on each side; proximal segment of the hind tarsus with acute pulvilli; mid segment short; distal segment as long as proximal, having two claws in its apex. Coloration: fore femur yellowish, with small amount of darker areas in its dorsal part; fore tibia of the same colour as fore femur, with two dark rings, the distal one being broader and darker; proximal segment of fore tarsus dark; one half of the distal segment pale, the other part dark; claws yellowish with dark apex. Mid femur yellowish, with dorsal and distal part being dark and having four dark patches in external surface; mid tibia yellowish, with two dark rings, the distal one being broader and darker; proximal segment of the mid tarsus pale brown; distal segment with two thirds yellowish, apical third dark, claws yellowish with dark apex; ventral external area of the hind femur very dark; median external area lighter brown; dorsal area somewhat darker than median, but lighter than ventral; hind knee yellowish; hind tibia yellowish with brownish patches, not forming dark rings; proximal and mid segment of hind tarsi yellowish, apical part of the distal segment darker, rest of it yellowish; claws light with dark apex. </p>
            <p> Abdomen (Figs 3A, 3  D–F ). Subgenital plate bilobate, with deep triangular incision; each lobe triangular with blunt apex; in lateral view subgenital plate with apex directed upwards; cerci short, robust, their basal part swollen and hirsute. Coloration: visible parts of dorsal sternites dark brown, similar to pronotum; upper lateral parts of the sternites light yellowish, from the middle to the connection with sternites orna  mented with dark brown and yellowish patches; epiproct and cerci yellowish; subgenital plate light brown; sternites light brown and each of them ornamented with a pair of thin pale lines, having darker margins outside. </p>
            <p>Female.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Measuremens (all in mm).</p>
            <p>Body length from the tip of the fastigium projection to the end of the abdomen 10.8; fastigium length 1.03; vertical eye diameter 0.96; horizontal eye diameter 0.67; vertex width 0.41; pronotum length 8.12; pronotum lateral lobes maximal width 1.86; infrascapular area length 5.54; fore femur length 1.61; fore femur width 0.62; fore tibia length 1.63; mid femur length 1.99; mid femur width 0.59; mid tibia length 1.48; hind femur length 5.11; hind femur maximal width 1.67; hind tibia length 4.08; proximal hind tarsal segment length 0.51; mid hind tarsal segment length 0.04; distal hind tarsal segment length 0.50.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A05883B5AA1818005B385CD7329D576	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Skejo, Josip;Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro;Domenico, Fernando Campos De;Sperber, Carlos Frankl	Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Skejo, Josip, Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro, Domenico, Fernando Campos De, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2017): Comments on the recent changes in taxonomy of pygmy unicorns, with description of a new species of Metopomystrum from Brazil (Insecta, Tetrigidae, Cleostratini, Miriatrini). ZooKeys 702: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.702.13981, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.702.13981
