identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BA41E2EF919A5B87977EDF3B28E5623D.text	BA41E2EF919A5B87977EDF3B28E5623D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telipogon alexii N. H. Williams & Dressler	<div><p>Telipogon alexii N. H. Williams &amp; Dressler</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5 E – F</p><p>Material examined</p><p>ECUADOR – Napo • Cosanga, road to Las Caucheras; 2080 m; 30 Oct. 2023; G. Iturralde GI- 2309-2112; QCNE ! • Baeza, Road to Cuyuja; 2110 m; 30 Oct. 2023; G. Iturralde GI- 2310-2493; QCNE !. – Carchi • Gualchán, road to Chical; 19 Jan. 2022; G. Iturralde GI- 2207-4061; QCNE !.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA41E2EF919A5B87977EDF3B28E5623D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez, Marco M.;Baquero, Luis;Garzón-Suárez, Henry X.;Martel, Carlos;Chamaya G., James A.;Lapo-González, Nadia;Werner, Florian A.;Iturralde, Gabriel A.	Jiménez, Marco M., Baquero, Luis, Garzón-Suárez, Henry X., Martel, Carlos, Chamaya G., James A., Lapo-González, Nadia, Werner, Florian A., Iturralde, Gabriel A. (2025): Telipogon villonacoensis (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae), a new species with an unexpectedly wide distribution from the northern and central Andes of South America. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (3): 392-402, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.157554
A2EF76A4B0F8596D8E00A8B6E7A4439F.text	A2EF76A4B0F8596D8E00A8B6E7A4439F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telipogon pogonostalix Rchb. f.	<div><p>Telipogon pogonostalix Rchb. f.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5 C – D</p><p>Material examined</p><p>COLOMBIA – Boyacá • Santa María, Sendero Hyca Quye; 1400–1600 m; 13 Feb. 2025; Eugenio Restrepo &amp; Lyndon Carvajal 483; UDBC !.</p><p>ECUADOR – Loja • Vilcabamba, Reserva El Bosque; 2214 m; 23 Feb. 2024; G. Iturralde GI- 2406-2870; QCNE! flowers in alcohol . – Pichincha • Tandayapa; 1689 m, 20 Oct. 2023; G. Iturralde GI- 2310-2763; QCNE !.</p><p>BOLIVIA – Cochabamba • Carrasco, Parque Nacional Carrasco, cerca a la confluencia de los ríos Yana Mayu e Ivirizu; 1035 m; 13 Jan. 2020; M. Zárate 6892; BOLV !.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2EF76A4B0F8596D8E00A8B6E7A4439F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez, Marco M.;Baquero, Luis;Garzón-Suárez, Henry X.;Martel, Carlos;Chamaya G., James A.;Lapo-González, Nadia;Werner, Florian A.;Iturralde, Gabriel A.	Jiménez, Marco M., Baquero, Luis, Garzón-Suárez, Henry X., Martel, Carlos, Chamaya G., James A., Lapo-González, Nadia, Werner, Florian A., Iturralde, Gabriel A. (2025): Telipogon villonacoensis (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae), a new species with an unexpectedly wide distribution from the northern and central Andes of South America. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (3): 392-402, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.157554
3499AED5545152C09F713676B976864B.text	3499AED5545152C09F713676B976864B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telipogon villonacoensis M. M. Jimenez, Iturralde & C. Martel 2025	<div><p>Telipogon villonacoensis M. M. Jiménez, Iturralde &amp; C. Martel sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 A – B</p><p>Type</p><p>ECUADOR – Loja • Western cordillera of the Loja basin, near Loja; 2565 m; coordinates omitted for conservation reasons; detailed data on the holotype; 21 Feb. 2023; M. Jiménez 1560; holotype: HUTPL !.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Telipogon villonacoensis is similar to T. pogonostalix by the miniature, acaulescent habit, pale green to yellow flowers, and oblong and ecallose lip, but the first differs by its lip stained with purple-brown at the basal third, ending abruptly in an almost straight line (vs green-yellow at the base), lateral lobes of the lip ca 0.25 mm long (vs lateral lobes 1.0– 1.3 mm long), the pink-purple column (vs white) with 2–7 setae per tuft, 0.2 mm long (vs 9–13 setae per tuft, 0.7–0.8 mm long), dark purple and coralloid setae with bifid to trifid apex (vs white and acicular setae with stellate apex).</p><p>Description</p><p>Epiphytic herb, erect, ca 8 cm tall including the inflorescence. Roots 1.1–1.7 mm in diameter, thick, cylindrical, basal. Stem inconspicuous, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, surrounded by the leaf sheaths. Leaves 13–40 mm long, 2–5 per stem, subcoriaceous, distichous, articulated, decurrent, conduplicate; leaf blade 12–37 × 3–6 mm, oblong to narrowly elliptic, acute, slightly falcate, minutely and sparsely pustulose-papillose along the adaxial surface. Inflorescence up to ca 7 cm long, apical or rarely lateral, 1–2 per stem, erect, racemose, unbranched, green, with 4–10 flowers, spirally arranged, successive, rarely two open at the same time; peduncle 27–32 mm long, terete, progressively and very narrowed towards the base, sometimes with 1 amplexicaul triangular bract apically; rachis 19.3–36.2 mm long, slightly compressed, sub-verrucose, partially enveloped by the floral bracts; floral bracts 2.0–2.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm when extended, conduplicate, triangular-ovate, acute, decurrent, translucent. Ovary 3.3–3.5 long × 0.9 mm wide, light green, terete, sub-verrucose, grooved; pedicel ca 3.5 mm long. Flowers ca 6.6 × 7.4 mm, non-resupinate; sepals translucent, shallow, pale green to yellow stained with brownish purple at the base, the longitudinal mid-vein dark green to brownish; petals white or yellow, with a greenish coloration between the veins, light brown-purple at the base, veins green or brown-purple; lip white with green or brown-purple veins, the basal third stained purple-brown, ending abruptly in a straight line. Sepals subtriangular-ovate, subacute, reflexed, entire, 1 - veined, membranous, papillose, sparsely verrucose abaxially; dorsal sepal 2.9–3.9 × 1.2 mm; lateral sepals 3.1–3.9 × 1.2–1.3 mm, oblique. Petals 3.4–4.7 × 1.4–1.8 mm, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-obovate, subacute, asymmetrical, entire margins, 3 - veined (midvein reaching the apex, lateral veins reaching only halfway), minutely papillose, shallow, slightly incurved. Lip 3.2–4.7 × 1.5–1.6 mm, oblong-ovate, obtuse, involute at the apex, entire margins, the base partially surrounds the column, shallow in most of its length, slightly convex at the apex, surface papillose, margins retrorse ciliate, 5 - veined (midvein reaching the apex, internal pair reaching the apical fourth, external pair reaching only halfway), 2 - auriculate at the base; auricle 0.2 mm long, with obtuse angles. Column 1.6–1.7 long × 1.2 mm wide, terete, slightly dorsoventrally compressed, pink to purple, densely papillose, the ventral edge slightly protruding and swollen, forming a minute obtuse bump, with two sparsely dense tufts of setae on each side of the anther; setae 2–7 per tuft, up to 0.2 mm long, dark purple (rarely purely white) with white, tips, stellate or coralloid apex; stigma apical, transversely elliptic; rostellum erect; clinandrium almost straight, not hooded. Anther cap dorsal, 0.8 × 1.0 mm, widely sub-cordiform, bilocular, purple suffused with white. Pollinarium 1.5 mm long, with two pairs of unequal, narrowly ovoid pollinia, with a stipe 0.4 mm long, and an uncinate viscidium. Fruits capsule 10 × 4.7 mm, sub-triquetrous with rounded angles.</p><p>Distribution, habitat, and ecology</p><p>According to confirmed records in Ecuador, Telipogon villonacoensis is distributed in the inter-Andean valleys of the Loja Province and the south-eastern slope of the Andes in the Zamora Chinchipe Province, between 2350–2650 m. In Peru, it has been reported in Cajamarca, in the north, and in Cusco, in the south, between 2500 and 3000 m. However, several records on iNaturalist suggest that this species is widely distributed from west-central Colombia, through east and west Ecuador, to south-east Peru (Fig. 3). Thus, the species can be found between 2300 and 3000 m and has one of the largest distributions among Telipogon species, comparable with T. bowmanii Rchb. f. and T. astroglossus Rchb. f., which can be found from Colombia to Bolivia (Martel 2016). According to the Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (2013), the ecosystems where specimens of T. villonacoensis have been found correspond to montane forests (BsMn 04 and BsMn 03).</p><p>Telipogon villonacoensis grows as an epiphyte on small branches and twigs of trees or shrubs, which can be covered in mosses and lichens. The vegetation of the type locality reaches a maximum of 6 meters and is dominated by Clethra revoluta (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Spreng., Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R. Br., Clusia cf. alata Planch. &amp; Triana, Viburnum triphyllum Benth., Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers., and Siparuna muricata (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) A. DC. Most individuals of T. villonacoensis were found on the twigs and stems of Clethra revoluta and Clusia cf. alata; plants are less commonly found on Ceratostema loranthiflorum Benth., Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz &amp; Pav. ex J. St. - Hil.) Hoerold, Baccharis obtusifolia Kunth, and rarely on Arcytophyllum thymifolium (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Standl, Alnus acuminata Kunth, and Chaetogastra laxa (Desr.) P. J. F. Guim. &amp; Michelang. The new species can be found near streams, roads, or grasslands. Telipogon villonacoensis grows together with Cyrtochilum macranthum (Lindl.) Kraenzl., Oncidium cruentoides M. W. Chase &amp; N. H. Williams, Epidendrum jaramilloae Hágsater &amp; Dodson, and Passiflora mathewsii (Mast.) Killip.</p><p>Phenology and flower variation</p><p>We observed flowering specimens of Telipogon villonacoensis between February and July, whereas those with capsules were observed in January, September, and November. Two colour variations have been observed in the flowers of T. villonacoensis . Individuals with opaque greenish-white flowers and paler veins sparsely suffused at the base with pink. Others have a yellow perianth with darker veins intensely stained at the base with brownish purple, especially the petals (Figs 1, 2).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named after Cerro Villonaco, one of the highest peaks of southern Ecuador’s western Cordillera of the Loja basin and where the new species was first found. This mountain is home to patches of highly threatened evergreen montane shrub forests which harbour unique species of flora such as Passiflora brachyantha L. K. Escobar and Aphelandra villonacensis Wassh.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment</p><p>So far, nine localities of Telipogon villonacoensis have been identified in secondary and primary forests of the high Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. However, only a few dozen individuals have been spotted in each locality, which were restricted to specific phorophytes. The total number of observed individuals in all the localities is around 200 plants. Unfortunately, individuals of the new species are threatened by the frequent forest fires in Ecuador and the expansion of crop areas in Ecuador and Peru. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) calculations resulted in 740,746 km 2 and 9,000 km 2 (cell width of 2 km 2), respectively. Based on these values and applying the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2024), the species would not currently qualify as threatened under criterion B. However, there is no ongoing monitoring of population size, trends, or threats, and the condition of the fragmented habitats is uncertain across most of the known localities; therefore, some populations might be at risk of disappearing.</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>ECUADOR – Loja • Cerro Villonaco, cerca de la vía antigua a Catamayo; 2629 m; 22 Feb. 2024; M. M. Jiménez León, G. A. Iturralde &amp; H. Garzón-Suárez 2190; HUTPL!, QCNE! spirit . – Zamora Chinchipe • Vía Loja-Zamora, cerca de un afluente del río San Francisco; 2351 m; 25 Jun. 2024; M. M. Jiménez León 2314; HUTPL! .</p><p>PERU – Cajamarca • Chota, Comunidad La Palma, Bosque La Palma; 2835 m; 10 Sep. 2024; J. Chamaya G. s. n.; CPUN !.</p><p>Observations</p><p>Colombia, Antioquia, Municipio de Jardín, ProAves Loro Orejiamarillo Reserve, Apr. 2023; obs. by danielmesa 1 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153411209).</p><p>Ecuador, Imbabura, Apuela, Siempre Verde Reserve, 28 Jan. 2021, obs. by bosquenublado (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68746177). Loja, Cerro Villonaco, F. Werner et al. 2253 [photo-voucher], in situ.</p><p>Peru, Cusco, Quispicanchis, Marcapata, 28 Sep. 2024, obs. by georgevf (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/244444854, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/244444309); Perus, Cusco, Quispicanchis, Marcapata, 3000 m, 25 Aug. 2015, obs. by C. Martel (Fig. 2 E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3499AED5545152C09F713676B976864B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez, Marco M.;Baquero, Luis;Garzón-Suárez, Henry X.;Martel, Carlos;Chamaya G., James A.;Lapo-González, Nadia;Werner, Florian A.;Iturralde, Gabriel A.	Jiménez, Marco M., Baquero, Luis, Garzón-Suárez, Henry X., Martel, Carlos, Chamaya G., James A., Lapo-González, Nadia, Werner, Florian A., Iturralde, Gabriel A. (2025): Telipogon villonacoensis (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae), a new species with an unexpectedly wide distribution from the northern and central Andes of South America. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (3): 392-402, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.157554
