taxonID	type	description	language	source
F207BD214874FF8A4A8EF9285BD2F879.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 9475544 - C 67 B- 4540 - 97 D 9 - 5 A 1 B 70 BBA 548	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214874FF8A4A8EF9285BD2F879.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A subterranean troglomorphic Neobisium from Georgia that differs from other Caucasian cave species of the genus in the following combination of characters: posterior margin of carapace with 6 setae, epistome triangular, anterior eyes with flattened lens, posterior eyes without lens, dark integument between anterior and posterior eyes present; tergites I – IV: 6: 6: 6 – 10: 8 – 10; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 87 – 113 and 81 – 91 teeth, respectively; pedipalpal femur granulated, 1.14 – 1.47 mm length (× 5.17 – 5.91), patella 0.87 – 1.19 mm (× 2.95 – 3.88), movable finger 1.21 – 1.53 mm; ratio between movable chelal finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.20 – 1.63; ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable chelal finger 0.81 – 1.21; ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.19 – 1.52.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214874FF8A4A8EF9285BD2F879.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ♂, CaBOL- 1036026: Georgia, Imereti Region, Zemo Imereti Plateou, Kozmani Cave (42 ° 06 ’ 03.2 ” N 43 ° 17 ’ 18.6 ” E), 960 m a. s. l., 27.11.2021, Eter Maghradze, Shalva Barjadze, Mariam Gogshelidze leg. Paratypes: 1 ♀, ISUIZ- 044 a; 1 ♀, ISUIZ- 044 b; 1 ♂, ISUIZ- 044 c: same locality as the holotype, 14.09.2021, Eter Maghradze leg; 1 ♀, CaBOL- 1036025: same locality as the holotype, 27.11.2021, Eter Maghradze, Shalva Barjadze, Mariam Gogshelidze leg.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214874FF8A4A8EF9285BD2F879.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The species name kozmaniense refers to the Kozmani Cave in Georgia, the type locality of the species.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214874FF8A4A8EF9285BD2F879.taxon	description	Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown, opisthosoma and legs yellowish; pedipalps smooth, with the exception of femur which is granulated; ophisthosoma with granular pleural membrane. Carapace 1.13 – 1.29 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, surface smooth, first pair of eyes with weak flattened lens, second pair just weak eyespots, cuticle pigmented darker between the eyes; anterior margin with long, pointed epistome, with a small base; carapace with 22 macrosetae (4: 6: 6: 6) (Fig. 2 A). Preocular microsetae absent. Cheliceral palm with 6 (in one case 7) setae (Fig. 2 B); fixed finger with 10 – 15 teeth, movable finger with 8 – 15 teeth, no big tooth in the middle; gs ratio 0.59 – 0.66, spinneret broad and rounded, in females more prominent; rallum with 8 blades, the distal two laterally pinnate; serrulae interior and exterior with about 26 – 38 and 28 – 34 blades, respectively. Manducatory process with 5 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 6 – 10, I 5 – 7, II 6 – 9, III 6 – 8, IV 9 – 13; anterolateral process of coxa I strong triangular, anteromedial process weakly prominent with denticles (Fig. 2 C). Tergal chaetotaxy I – X (♂ ♀): 6: 6: 6 – 10: 8 – 10: 8 – 10: 8 – 10: 9 – 10: 8 – 10: 8 – 9: 6 – 8. Sternal chaetotaxy II – X (♂): 8 – 16: (2 – 3) 12 – 18 (2 – 3): (2 – 3) 8 – 10 (2 – 3): 10: 12: 10 – 12: 12: 12: 10 – 12; chaetotaxy of sternites II – X (♀): 10 – 18: (3 – 4) 10 – 16 (3 – 4): (3) 8 – 14 (3): 8 – 12: 10 – 12: 10 – 12: 10 – 12: 10 – 12: 10 – 12. Anal cone with 2 ventral and 2 dorsal setae. Pedipalp (Fig. 2 D): trochanter 1.75 – 2.62 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad; femur 5.17 – 5.75 (♂) or 5.47 – 5.91 (♀) times as long as broad; patella 3.79 – 3.88 (♂) or 2.95 – 3.36 (♀) times as long as broad, base of chelal pedicel dorsally with 2 – 9 glandular pores; hand of chela reaching its greatest width in the proximal third in dorsal view; fixed chelal finger homodentate, with 87 – 113 (♂ ♀) pointed contiguous teeth; movable chelal finger with 81 – 91 (♂ ♀) low, flattened contiguous teeth (Fig. 2 E), except in the distal third of the finger, where they are cuspidate; trichobothria as in fig. 2 F, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): it 0.15 – 0.21 / et 0.15 – 0.18 / est 0.21 – 0.23 / ist 0.31 – 0.42 / isb 0.69 – 0.75 / ib 0.78 – 0.92 / esb 0.92 – 0.94 / eb 0.93 – 0.95 / t 0.22 – 0.29 / st 0.37 – 0.40 / sb 0.63 – 0.68 / b 0.86 – 0.90. Leg IV (Fig. 2 G): trochanter 2.36 – 2.78 (♂) or 1.93 – 2.77 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.67 – 3.89 (♂) or 3.09 – 3.80 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 6.64 – 6.98 (♂) or 6.40 – 7.06 (♀) times, basitarsus 3.04 – 3.36 (♂) or 3.23 – 3.58 (♀) times, telotarsus 5.60 – 6.34 (♂) or 4.22 – 6.63 (♀) times as long as deep, ratio between basitarsus and telotarsus 0.55 – 0.83 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta bifurcate with serrated rami, claws with a very small dorsal tooth. Ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.20 – 1.63 (♂ ♀); ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable finger 0.81 – 1.21 (♂ ♀); ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.19 – 1.52 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 3.25 – 3.44 (♂) 2.97 – 4.13 (♀). Carapace 0.89 – 0.95 × 0.76 – 0.77 anteriorly (♂) or 0.93 – 1.05 × 0.72 – 0.89 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.54 – 0.57 × 0.30 – 0.31 (♂) or 0.58 – 0.63 × 0.32 – 0.37 (♀); movable finger length 0.36 (♂) or 0.37 – 0.45 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.58 – 0.61 × 0.23 – 0.25 (♂) or 0.56 – 0.67 × 0.25 – 0.32 (♀); femur 1.14 – 1.35 × 0.22 – 0.24 (♂) or 1.36 – 1.47 × 0.24 – 0.27 (♀); patella 1.05 – 1.15 × 0.28 – 0.30 (♂) or 0.87 – 1.19 × 0.30 – 0.35 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.26 – 2.34 × 0.46 – 0.48 or 2.15 – 2.48 × 0.50 – 0.55 (♀); hand with pedicel length 0.86 (♂) or 0.93 – 1.13 (♀); movable finger length 1.40 (♂) or 1.21 – 1.53 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.42 – 0.47 x 0.17 – 0.18 (♂) or 0.49 – 0.55 x 0.18 – 0.27 (♀); femur + patella 0.99 – 1.02 × 0.26 – 0.27 (♂) or 0.93 – 1.08 × 0.26 – 0.34 (♀); tibia 0.93 – 0.94 × 0.13 – 0.14 (♂) or 0.91 – 1.01 × 0.14 – 0.16 (♀); basitarsus 0.31 – 0.33 × 0.09 – 0.11 (♂) or 0.33 – 0.38 × 0.10 – 0.12 (♀); telotarsus 0.54 – 0.56 × 0.09 – 0.10 (♂) or 0.40 – 0.61 × 0.09 – 0.10 (♀).	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214874FF8A4A8EF9285BD2F879.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Neobisium kozmaniense sp. nov. differs from all other cave-dwelling species of the genus by its granulated pedipalpal tibia — the only exception is Neobisium sakadzhianum Krumpál, 1984, which also possess a granulated pedipalpal femur (Krumpál 1984). Neobisium kozmaniense sp. nov. differs from N. sakadzhianum in having a strong triangular epistome (small and almost flat epistome in N. sakadzhianum), pedipalpal femur 5.17 – 5.91, patella 2.95 – 3.88 times longer than wide (pedipalpal femur is 9.23 times, patella 7.33 times longer, than wide in in N. sakadzhianum), tergites I – II each with 6 setae (each with 4 setae in in N. sakadzhianum) (Krumpál 1984). Neobisium sakadzhianum is known from Sakajia Cave which is a part of another karst massif (Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Imereti Region, Georgia), and the distance between the two cave entrances is about 45 km. Within the studied material, some degree of intraspecific variation was observed in case of several characters, especially in carapace, coxal, sternal and tergal chaetotaxy, in the relative position of chelal trichobothria, as well as in size and ratios. These are in line with the observations of Novák (2014) and Gardini (2023) on the intraspecific character variation of other cave dwelling Neobisium species.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214871FF8D4A8EFF675848F853.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 255 E 8705 - 239 F- 411 E- 9 B 80 - E 2 F 7243 E 69 CF	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214871FF8D4A8EFF675848F853.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♀). A subterranean troglomorphic Neobisium from Georgia that differs from other Caucasian cave species of the genus in the following combination of characters: posterior margin of carapace with 5 setae, epistome triangular and pointed, one pair of eyes with flattened lens, with no darker pigmentation on the cuticle bethind them; tergites I – IV: 6: 6: 8: 8; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 85 and 80 teeth; surface of pedipalpal femur smooth, 1.13 mm length (× 4.7), patella 0.93 mm (× 3.21), movable finger 1.05 mm; ratio between movable chelal finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.10; ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable chelal finger 1.08; ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.36.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214871FF8D4A8EFF675848F853.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ♀, CaBOL- 1036019, Georgia, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Region, Racha Karst Massif, Sakishore Cave (42 ° 26 ’ 30.84 ” N 43 ° 9 ’ 30.59 ” E), 1172 m a. s. l., 25.05.2022, Shalva Barjadze leg.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214871FF8D4A8EFF675848F853.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The species name sakishorense refers to the Sakishore Cave in Georgia, the type locality of the species.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214871FF8D4A8EFF675848F853.taxon	description	Description of adult female (♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown, opisthosoma and legs yellowish; pedipalps smooth; opisthosoma with granular pleural membrane. Carapace 1.06 times as long as broad, surface smooth, one pairs of small eyes with flat lens, with no darker pigmentation on the cuticle behind them; anterior margin with long, pointed epistome, with a small base; carapace with 21 macrosetae (4: 6: 6: 5) (Fig. 3 A). Preocular microsetae absent. Cheliceral palm with 6 setae (Fig. 3 B); fixed finger with 17 teeth, movable finger with 7 teeth, the middle one slightly larger; gs ratio 0.66, spinneret broad and rounded, but not prominent; rallum with 8 blades, the distal two laterally pinnate; blades of serrulae interior and exterior not clearly visible. Manducatory process with 5 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 8, I 10, II 9, III 7, IV 7; anterolateral process of coxa I strong triangular, anteromedial process prominent with denticles (Fig. 3 C). Tergal chaetotaxy I – X: 6: 6: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8. Sternal chaetotaxy II – X: 8: (2) 12 (2): (1) 10 (1): 10: 12: 12: 14: 14: 12. Anal cone with 2 ventral and 2 dorsal setae. Pedipalp (Fig. 3 D): trochanter 2.38 times as long as broad; femur 4.70 times as long as broad; patella 3.21 times as long as broad; hand of chela reaching its greatest width in the proximal third in dorsal view; 3 glandular pores on pedicel; fixed chelal finger homodentate, with 85 pointed contiguous teeth; movable chelal finger with 80 low, flattened contiguous teeth (Fig. 3 E), trichobothria as in fig. 3 F, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: it 0.21 / et 15 / est 0.18 / ist 0.42 / isb 0.79 / ib 0.85 / esb 0.98 / eb 0.99 / t 0.26 / st 0.39 / sb 0.63 / b 0.86. Leg IV (Fig. 3 G): trochanter 2.32 times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.44 times as long as deep, tibia 4.80 times, basitarsus 2.49 times, telotarsus 5.16 times as long as deep, ratio between basitarsus and telotarsus 0.60, subterminal seta bifurcate with serrated rami, claws with a very small dorsal tooth. Ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.10; ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable finger 1.08; ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.36. Measurements (in mm). Body length 2.68. Carapace 0.83 × 0.79. Chelicera 0.56 × 0.31; movable finger length 0.39. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.55 × 0.23; femur 1.13 × 0.24; patella 0.93 × 0.29; chela with pedicel 1.94; hand with pedicel length 0.95; movable finger length 1.05. Leg IV: trochanter 0.43 × 0.19; femur + patella 0.76 × 0.22; tibia 0.74 × 0.15; basitarsus 0.26 × 0.11; telotarsus 0.44 × 0.09. Remarks. Neobisium (N.) sakishorense sp. nov. differs from N. kozmaniense sp. nov. and N. sakhadzianum by having a smooth pedipalpal femur (pedipalpal femur granulated in N. kozmaniense sp. nov. and N. sakhadzianum). From N. verae and N. achaemenidum, by having a strong, triangular epistome, and a pedipalpal femur 4.70 times as long as broad, while this value is in N. achaemenidum × 9.26, and in N. verae × 8.31 (Mahnert 1979; Nassirkhani & Mumladze 2018). It differs from N. birsteini in the lenth / width ratio of the pedipalpal femur, as it is × 7.54 in case of N. birsteini, and in having a strong triangular anterolateral process, while it is much shorter in N. birsteini (Mahnert 1979). Neobisium sakishorense sp. nov. differs from N. kotiasense sp. nov. in having only one pair of eyes (one pair of eyespots besides the first pair of eyes with flattened lens in N. kotiasense sp. nov.), in having the ratio between movable chelal finger and chelal hand 1.10 (1.14 – 1.46 in N. kotiasense), in having the length of chela 1.94 mm (2.41 – 2.54 in N. kotiasense), and in having pedipalpal femur length / width 4.70 (5.22 – 6.25 in N. kotiasense).	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214873FF814A8EFF675DDDF959.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 76 F 2 C 7 E- 9371 - 40 BF-AAC 6 - 0 B 370 C 18622 B	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214873FF814A8EFF675DDDF959.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A subterranean troglomorphic Neobisium from Georgia that differs from other Caucasian cave species of the genus in the following combination of characters: posterior margin of carapace with 6 setae, epistome triangular, anterior eyes with flattened lens, posterior eyes without lens, cuticle not pigmented darker between these; tergites I – IV: 6: 6 – 8: 8: 8; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 72 – 77 and 69 – 71 teeth; pedipalpal femur smooth, 1.41 – 1.48 mm length (× 5.22 – 6.25), patella 1.06 – 1.17 mm (× 3.53 – 4.06), movable finger 1.24 – 1.45 mm; ratio between movable chelal finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.14 – 1.46; ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable chelal finger 0.99 – 1.13; ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.15 – 1.56.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214873FF814A8EFF675DDDF959.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ♂, ISUIZ- 096, Georgia, Imereti Region, Zemo Imereti Plateou, Kotias Klde Cave (42 ° 12 ’ 48.22 ” N 43 ° 19 ’ 29.17 ” E), 723 m a. s. l., 26.07.2022, Lado Shavadze leg. Paratypes: 1 ♀, CaBOL- 1036021 same locality data as for holotype, 22.11.2018, Eter Maghradze, Shalva Barjadze, Giorgi Nebieridze leg; 1 ♀, ISUIZ- 087 same locality data as for the holotype, 01.03.2020, Eter Maghradze leg. Non-type material exemined: Zakarias Klde shaft (42 ° 10 ’ 58.06 ” N 43 ° 20 ’ 16.03 ” E), 1 ♂, CaBOL- 1036027, 778 m a. s. l., 12.08.2023, Mariam Gogshelidze, Lado Shavadze leg.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214873FF814A8EFF675DDDF959.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The species name kotiasense refers to the Kotias Klde saft in Georgia, the locality of the type material.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214873FF814A8EFF675DDDF959.taxon	description	Description of adults (♂ ♀) from Kotias Klde Cave. Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown, opisthosoma and legs yellowish; pedipalps smooth; opisthosoma with granular pleural membrane. Carapace 1.16 – 1.66 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, surface smooth, first pair of eyes with weak flattened lens, second pair just weak eyespots, cuticle not pigmented darker between these; anterior margin with long, pointed epistome, with a small base; carapace with 22 macrosetae (4: 6: 6: 6) (Fig. 4 A). Preocular microsetae absent. Cheliceral palm with 6 setae (Fig. 4 B); fixed finger with 16 teeth, movable finger with 8 teeth, the middle one slightly larger; gs ratio 0.54 – 61, spinneret broad and rounded, but not prominent; rallum with 8 blades, the distal two laterally pinnate; serrulae interior with 26 – 28, serrula exterior with 29 – 30 blades. Manducatory process with 5 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 7, I 6 – 7, II 4 – 8, III 5 – 6, IV 7 – 8; anterolateral process of coxa I strong triangular, anteromedial process prominent with denticles (Fig. 4 C). Tergal chaetotaxy I – X: 6: 6 – 8: 8: 8: 8: 8 – 10: 8 – 10: 8 – 10: 8 – 10: 8 – 10. Sternal chaetotaxy II – X (♂): 8: (2) 12 (2): (2) 12 (2): 12: 12: 12: 12: 10: 8; sternal chaetotaxy II – X (♀): 7 – 16: (3) 10 – 16 (2): (2) 8 (2): 8: 8 – 10: 10: 10 – 12: 8 – 12: 8 – 12. Anal cone with 2 ventral and 2 dorsal setae. Pedipalp (Fig. 4 D): trochanter 1.98 – 2.45 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad; femur 6.25 (♂) or 5.22 – 5.84 (♀) times as long as broad; patella 4.06 (♂) or 3.53 – 4.04 (♀) times as long as broad; hand of chela reaching its greatest width in the proximal third in dorsal view; chelal pedicel with 3 – 5 glandular pores; fixed chelal finger homodentate, with 72 – 77 (♂ ♀) pointed contiguous teeth; movable chelal finger with 69 – 71 (♂ ♀) low, flattened contiguous teeth (Fig. 4 E); trichobothria as in fig. 4 F, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): it 0.15 – 0.16 / et 0.12 – 0.17 / est 0.08 – 0.21 / ist 0.34 - 0.37 / isb 0.71 – 0.78 / ib 0.86 – 0.93 / esb 0.85 – 0.97 / eb 0.92 – 0.99 / t 0.20 – 0.27 / st 0.32 – 0.40 / sb 0.60 – 0.63 / b 0.85 – 0.87. Leg IV: trochanter 2.77 (♂) or 2.48 – 2.52 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 4.42 (♂) or 3.87 – 5.39 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 5.66 (♂) or 5.66 – 6.25 (♀) times, basitarsus 3.37 (♂) or 3.1 – 4.53 (♀) times, telotarsus 4.39 (♂) or 4.37 – 5.31 (♀) times as long as deep, ratio between basitarsus and telotarsus 0.52 – 1.18 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta bifurcate with serrated rami, claws with a very small dorsal tooth. Ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.14 – 1.28 (♂ ♀); ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable finger 0.99 – 1.13 (♂ ♀); ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.15 – 1.56 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 3.18 (♂) 2.78 – 3.43 (♀). Carapace 1.00 × 0.78 anteriorly (♂) or 0.97 – 1.01 × 0.54 – 0.87 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.58 × 0.32 (♂) or 0.61 – 0.62 × 0.30 – 0.33 (♀); movable finger length 0.43 (♂) or 0.34 – 0.44 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.57 × 0.24 (♂) or 0.57 – 0.60 × 0.25 – 0.29 (♀); femur 1.48 × 0.24 (♂) or 1.41 – 1.42 × 0.24 – 0.27 (♀); patella 1.13 × 0.28 (♂) or 1.06 – 1.17 × 0.26 – 0.33 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.54 × 0.50 or 2.39 – 2.50 × 0.53 – 0.65 (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.06 (♂) or 1.11 – 1.12 (♀); movable finger length 1.45 (♂) or 1.24 – 1.44 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.49 – x 0.18 (♂) or 0.45 – 0.55 x 0.18 – 0.22 (♀); femur + patella 1.14 × 0.26 (♂) or 1.01 – 1.16 × 0.19 – 0.30 (♀); tibia 1.05 × 0.15 (♂) or 0.67 – 0.99 × 0.12 – 0.16 (♀); basitarsus 0.40 × 0.12 (♂) or 0.40 – 0.41 × 0.09 – 0.13 (♀); telotarsus 0.59 × 0.08 (♂) or 0.36 – 0.56 × 0.08 – 0.11 (♀). Description of male from Zakarias Klde Shaft. Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown, opisthosoma and legs yellowish; pedipalps smooth; opisthosoma with granular pleural membrane. Carapace 1.28 times as long as broad, surface smooth, first pair of eyes with weak flattened lens, second pair just weak eyespots, with no darker pigmentation on the cuticle between them; anterior margin with long, pointed epistome, with a small base; carapace with 22 macrosetae (4: 6: 6: 6). Preocular microsetae absent. Cheliceral palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with 16 teeth, movable finger with 8 teeth, the middle one slightly larger; gs ratio 0.71, spinneret broad and rounded, but not prominent; rallum with 8 blades, the distal two laterally pinnate; both serrulae interior and exterior with 28 blades. Manducatory process with 5 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 7, I 8, II 8, III 5, IV 7; anterolateral process of coxa I strong triangular, anteromedial process prominent with denticles. Tergal chaetotaxy I – X: 6: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 6: 6: 6: 6. Sternal chaetotaxy II – X: 18: (2) 14 (2): (2) 8 (2): 8: 8: 8: 10: 10: 8. Anal cone with 2 ventral and 2 dorsal setae. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.51 times as long as broad; femur 5.74 times as long as broad; patella 3.97 times as long as broad; hand of chela reaching its greatest width in the proximal third in dorsal view; chelal pedicel with 3 glandular pores; fixed chelal finger homodentate, with 78 pointed contiguous teeth; movable chelal finger with 62 low, flattened contiguous teeth; trichobothria as in the type specimens, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: it 0.18 / et 0.12 / est 0.20 / ist 0.36 / isb 0.69 / ib 0.90 / esb 0.91 / eb 0.94 / t 0.25 / st 0.34 / sb 0.61 / b 0.85. Leg IV: trochanter 2.45 times as long as deep, femur + patella 0.42 times as long as deep, tibia 6.60 times, basitarsus 3.90 times, telotarsus 3.99 times as long as deep, ratio between basitarsus and telotarsus 0.73, subterminal seta bifurcate with serrated rami, claws with a very small dorsal tooth. Ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.46; ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable finger 1.01; ratio between pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.49. Measurements (in mm). Body length 3.03. Carapace 0.97 × 0.76. Chelicera 0.67 × 0.31; movable finger length 0.47. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.60 × 0.24; femur 1.14 × 0.25; patella 1.16 × 0.29; chela with pedicel 2.41; hand with pedicel length 1.13; movable finger length 1.43. Leg IV: trochanter 0.52 × 0.21; femur + patella 1.09 × 0.25; tibia 1.04 × 0.16; basitarsus 0.31 × 0.08; telotarsus 0.42 × 0.11.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
F207BD214873FF814A8EFF675DDDF959.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Neobisium kotiasense sp. nov. differs from N. kozmaniense sp. nov. and N. sakhadzianum by having a smooth pedipalpal femur (pedipalpal femur granulated in N. kozmaniense sp. nov. and N. sakhadzianum). Neobisium kotiasense sp. nov. differs from N. verae and N. achaemenidum by having a strong, triangular epistome, and a pedipalpal femur 5.22 – 6.25 times as long as broad, while this value is in N. achaemenidum × 9.26, and in N. verae × 8.31 (Mahnert 1979; Nassirkhani & Mumladze 2018). Neobisium kotiasense sp. differs from N. birsteini in having pedipalpal femora × 5.22 – 6.25 times longer than broad (this ratio is × 7.54 in N. birsteini), and in having a strong triangular anterolateral process (this process is much shorter in N. birsteini) (Mahnert 1979). See the differences between Neobisium kotiasense sp. nov. and N. sakishorense sp. nov. in the Remarks section of N. sakishorense sp. nov. The specimen from Zakarias Klde shaft shows no major differences from the specimens from Kotias Klde Cave. The only differences are in the chelal movable finger / hand ratio (× 1.46 in the specimen from Zakarias Klde shaft, and × 1.14 – 1.28 in specimens from Kotias Klde Cave), and in the length / depth ratio of leg IV telotarsus (× 3.99 in the specimen from Zakarias Klde shaft, and × 4.37 – 5.31 in specimens from Kotias Klde Cave). These are slight differences, based on a single specimen, therefore, we have no knowledge on the character variability within the entire population. The distance between the two caves is only ca. 2 kilometers. Based on having no species level morphological or morphometrical differences, we therefore attribute the specimen male from Zakarias Klde shaft to Neobisium kotiasense sp. nov. Within the studied material, some degree of intraspecific variation was observed in case of several characters, especially in carapace, coxal, sternal and tergal chaetotaxy, in the relative position of chelal trichobothria, as well as in the size and ratios. These are in line with the observations of Novák (2014) and Gardini (2023) on the intraspecific character variation of other cave dwelling Neobisium species.	en	Novák, János, Gogshelidze, Mariam (2025): Three new cavernicolous Neobisium species from Caucasian caves in Georgia (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Zootaxa 5646 (4): 575-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.6
