identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F80A87E175039102FF5CFF29FE41B26F.text	F80A87E175039102FF5CFF29FE41B26F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callulops gobakula Hoskin 2025	<div><p>Callulops gobakula sp. nov.</p><p>Gobakula Frog</p><p>(Figures 2–4)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. QM J98925, field number conx5942, male, calling when captured, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.5301&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.4227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.5301/lat -9.4227)">Dauan Island</a> (9.4227° S, 142.5301° E), 12 January 2021, C. J. Hoskin, K. Aland, A. Davies, A. Zwar . Paratypes. QM J98926, field number conx5925, calling male; QM J98927, field number conx5926, female, with eggs; QM J98928, field number conx5927, female, with eggs. Collection details as for holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized Callulops (male SVL 48.5–51.1 mm; females 48.5–52.2 mm), with moderately long hindlimbs (TL–knee/ SVL 0.40–0.41), distinctly enlarged finger and toe discs of approximately equal width (3FD/4 TD 0.90–0.95), all discs with a terminal (circum-marginal) groove (but can be indistinct on 1 st finger), moderately long hands (HandL/ SVL 0.25–0.26) and feet (FootL/ SVL 0.39–0.42), relatively small eye (EYE / SVL 0.094 –0.097), two subarticular tubercles on toe 4, distinct tympanum, relatively smooth skin, adult dorsal colour uniform brown, subadults patterned with gold or orange blotches and flecks, and call a series of 9–12 croaks (notes) uttered at 3.9–4.6 notes/s, for a call duration of 2.2– 2.9 s, with two dominant frequency peaks at about 1.06 and 1.58 kHz.</p><p>Description of type series. Measurements and proportions of the type series are presented in Table 1.A medium-sized Callulops (SVL mean 50.5 mm, range 48.5–51.8 mm); the two adult males (calling when collected) and two adult females (with well-developed eggs) similar in size (males 48.5 mm, 51.1 mm; females 50.8 mm, 51.8 mm). Head wide (HW/SVL 0.35–0.36), wider than long (HL/HW 0.88–0.90); broadly triangular in dorsal view, snout moderately long (SN/SVL 0.11–0.12); canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region steeply oblique, almost vertical, slightly concave posterior to naris; nostrils rounded, directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eyes; tip of snout broad (IN/SVL 0.078 –0.082); internarial distance slightly greater than, or about equal to, distance from naris to eye (EN/IN 0.82–1.00); snout rounded in lateral view, moderately truncate (but still slightly rounded) in dorsal view; eyes of moderate size (EYE/SVL 0.094 –0.097; EYE/SN 0.78–0.83); tympanum moderate size (TYM/SVL 0.061 – 0.082), obviously distinct (QM J98928), reasonably distinct (QM J98926, QM J98927) or indistinct (QM J98925); with a minimal (QM J98927), moderately distinct (QM J98925), or obvious supratympanic fold (QM J98926, QM J98928) extending from behind eye over tympanum and terminating above forelimb. Relatively long forearm, hand and 3 rd finger (ArmL/SVL 0.43–0.45; FA/SVL 0.17–0.20; HandL/SVL 0.25–0.26; F3L/SVL 0.16–0.17). Relative length of fingers 3&gt;4≅2&gt;1, with fingers 2 and 4 of similar length, and finger 3 conspicuously long; fingers unwebbed; discs present on all fingers, slightly less than twice width of penultimate phalanges; largest on 3 rd finger (3FD/SVL 0.025 –0.028), smallest on 1 st finger (1FD/SVL 0.023 –0.024), rounded on fingers 1 and 2, slightly truncate on fingers 3 and 4; circum-marginal grooves present on all finger discs but typically indistinct (faint) on finger 1 (but distinct on QM J98928), moderately distinct to distinct on finger 2, and distinct on fingers 3 and 4; subarticular tubercles prominent, one on fingers 1 and 2; two on fingers 3 and 4; inner and two outer metacarpal tubercles low, elongate. Relatively long hindlimb, foot and 4 th toe (TL–fold/SVL 0.35–0.38; TL–knee/SVL 0.40–0.41; FootL/SVL 0.39–0.42; T4L/SVL 0.24–0.28). Relative length of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5≅2&gt;1, toe 4 conspicuously long; toes unwebbed; discs present on all toes, twice width of penultimate phalanges, widest on toe 4 (4TD/SVL 0.026 –0.031), narrowest on toe 1 (1TD/SVL 0.020 –0.025), larger than those of fingers (3FD/4TD 0.90–0.95), rounded on toes 1–3, slightly truncate on toes 4 and 5; all toe discs with distinct circum-marginal grooves; one prominent subarticular tubercle on each of toes 1 and 2; two low but prominent subarticular tubercles on each of toes 3, 4 and 5, those on toe 4 are on the two most distal joints; inner metatarsal tubercle small but prominent, oval shaped; no metatarsal tubercle. Skin texture in preservative. Dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces perfectly smooth (Fig. 2). Colouration in preservative. Dorsal colour uniformly purplish brown (Fig. 2); indistinct paler crescent above shoulder on each side (absent on QM J98927). Ventral surfaces cream or light brown, with purplish tinge around margins of throat and belly and on underside of limbs. Palmar surfaces light brown, with some paler areas and fine white stippling; palmar and subarticular tubercles pale grey. Plantar surfaces brown; metatarsal and subarticular tubercles grey. Pupil horizontal (but usually heavily dilated).</p><p>Colour pattern and skin texture in life. Adults. Fairly uniform brown across all dorsal surfaces, with fine mottling of darker and lighter brown (Fig. 3A–D). Faint gold/cream crescent on each shoulder, above forelimb insertion, and faint gold marking between eye and tympanum. Paler brown/grey on tip of snout, along jawline, and on eyelids and knees, and paler patches on tops of hands, feet and digits. Dorsal brown colour becomes lighter on lateral surfaces and grades to light brown or cream on the ventral surfaces, which are unpatterned. Iris black, with heavy copper stippling. Variation among adults is minimal (e.g., Fig. 3A–D) except that some are lighter in all aspects of colour pattern, including a lighter brown or golden–brown dorsum, whiter lateral and ventral surfaces, and more prominent cream or golden crescent above the shoulder and between the eye and tympanum. Dorsal surfaces smooth or finely rugose (Fig. 3A–D); ventral surfaces smooth. Subadults (Fig. 3E–F). Dorsal surfaces more patterned than adults, typically bright golden on top of head and dorsum, becoming more blotched and flecked golden on a dark brown ground colour on the posterior half of the back, and with golden flecks on the dorsal surfaces of the arms and legs. Crescent above arms and small blotch between eye and tympanum prominent golden or orange (Fig. 3E–F). Some individuals have bright orange flecks on the back and tops of hindlimbs. Sides of face dark brown. Ventral markings dark brown or grey, with white flecks. Dorsal surfaces smooth or finely rugose; ventral surfaces smooth.</p><p>SVL measurements of additional, unvouchered animals in life. Calling males: 49.1 mm, 50.1 mm; probable females: 48.5 mm, 50.5 mm, 51.9 mm, 52.2 mm; subadults (based on more ornate colour pattern): 38.1 mm, 39.4 mm.</p><p>Call. A series of croaks: “rark, rark, rark, rark…”, starting quietly and becoming louder through the call (Fig. 4). Call parameters are presented in Table 2, and have the following average values (with range in parentheses): call duration 2.52 s (2.20–2.91); number of notes 10.2 (9–12), note rate 4.24 notes/s (3.86–4.56); dominant frequency (two clear energy peaks of similar magnitude in the spectrum view), peak one 1057 Hz (1029–1093), peak two 1576 Hz (1447–1704); note length 0.100 s (0.092 –0.107); note interval 0.154 s (0.134 –0.179); call interval 30.56 s (21.17–45.21).</p><p>Comparisons. I first compare C. gobakula sp. nov. to all congeners, and then in more detail to the morphologically most similar species, C. omnistriatus .</p><p>The medium body size of C. gobakula sp. nov. (male SVL 48.5–51.1 mm; females 48.5–52.2 mm) distinguishes it from five smaller species (which all attain maximum SVL &lt;40 mm, at least for males): C. boettgeri (Méhely, 1901); C. dubius (Boettger, 1895); C. eremnosphax Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009; C. fuscus (Peters, 1867); C. glandulosus (Zweifel, 1972) . Body size also distinguishes C. gobakula sp. nov. from many species that attain substantially larger size (all attain SVL&gt; 70 mm): C. argus Kraus, 2019; C. bicolor Kraus, 2019; C. doriae (Boulenger, 1888); C. personatus (Zweifel, 1972); C. robustus; C. stellatus Kraus, 2019; C. stictogaster (Zweifel, 1972); C. taxispilotus Kraus, 2019; C. valvifer (Barbour, 1910) . The moderately long hindlimbs of C. gobakula sp. nov. (TL–knee/SVL 0.40–0.41) distinguish it from many species with short hindlimbs (TL–knee/SVL maximum &lt;0.38): C. comptus (Zweifel, 1972); C. fojaensis Oliver, Richards &amp; Tjaturadi, 2012; C. fuscus; C. glandulosus; C. humicola (Zweifel, 1972); C. kampeni (Boulenger, 1914); C. kopsteini (Mertens, 1930); C. personatus; C. sagittatus Richards, Burton, Cunningham &amp; Dennis, 1995; C. stictogaster; C. wilhelmanus (Loveridge, 1948); and from those with particularly long hindlimbs (TL–knee/SVL minimum&gt; 0.43): C. biakensis Günther, Stelbrink &amp; von Rintelen, 2012; C. boettgeri; C. dubius; C. marmoratus Kraus &amp; Allison, 2003; C. mediodiscus Oliver, Richards &amp; Tjaturadi, 2012; C. neuhaussi (Vogt, 1911); C. yapenensis Günther, Stelbrink &amp; von Rintelen, 2012 . It further differs from the morphologically similar species, C. mediodiscus, by having shorter hands and feet (HandL/SVL 0.25–0.26 vs 0.28–0.30; FootL/SVL 0.39–0.42 vs 0.48–0.54) and a call that has more notes (9–12 vs 4) that are uttered at a faster note rate (3.86–4.56 notes/s vs 1.42–1.49 notes/s). The relatively smooth dorsal and lateral skin of C. gobakula sp. nov. differs from the pustulose skin of: C. argus; C. bicolor; C. doriae; C. microtis (Werner, 1901); C. neuhaussi; C. robustus; C. stellatus; and C. taxispilotus . Callulops gobakula sp. nov. has circum-marginal grooves on all toe and finger discs (but can be indistinct on 1 st finger), which separates it from the following species with circum-marginal grooves absent from all toe and finger discs: C. argus, C. bicolor, C. glandulosus, C. stellatus, C. stictogaster; and those with grooves absent from finger discs: C. doriae, C. neuhaussi, C. robustus; and those with grooves absent from fingers 1 and 2: C. eremnosphax . The presence of distinctly expanded finger and toe discs distinguishes C. gobakula sp. nov. from four species that lack discs entirely: C. glandulosus, C. sagittatus, C. stictogaster, C. wilhelmanus; and from species that have discs only minimally expanded: C. comptus, C. fojaensis . Callulops gobakula sp. nov. differs from C. wondiwoiensis Günther, Stelbrink &amp; von Rintelen, 2012 and C. yapenensis by having a smaller eye (EYE/SVL 0.091 –0.097 vs 0.107 –0.125 and 0.135, respectively), a greater EN/IN ratio (0.82–1.00 vs 0.64–0.88 and 0.74, respectively), and an obviously different call, including faster note rate (mean 4.24 notes/s vs mean 2.18 notes/s and 2.55 notes/s, respectively) and lower dominant frequency (mean 1.58 kHz vs mean 1.75 kHz and 2.2 kHz, respectively).</p><p>Callulops gobakula sp. nov. is most similar to C. omnistriatus, but it differs in many morphological traits, including smaller males (SVL 48.5–51.1 mm vs 55.0– 59.6 mm) and females (SVL 48.5–52.2 mm vs 49.9–66.9 mm); having shorter hindlimbs (TL–knee/SVL 0.40–0.41 vs 0.41–0.47); shorter foot (FootL/SVL 0.39–0.42 vs 0.42–0.48); smaller eye (EYE/SVL 0.09–0.10 vs 0.12–0.14; EYE/SN 0.78–0.83 vs 1.0–1.3); narrower toe discs (4TD/SVL 0.026 –0.031 vs 0.033 –0.039); presence of two subarticular tubercles on fourth toe (vs three); circum-marginal groove on disc of 1 st finger indistinct to moderately distinct (vs well-developed); snout less obviously truncate in dorsal view; iris reddish brown/copper in life (vs light green-bronze); dorsal and ventral surfaces lacking a purplish wash in life (vs violet or lavender wash); call of 9–12 notes (vs 5–6 notes). Data for C. omnistriatus comes from Kraus &amp; Allison (2009a) and Richards (2025).</p><p>Etymology. The species name gobakula is derived from the local language (Kalaw Kawaw Ya) words “goba kula”, meaning boulders, and refers to the species being restricted to areas of piled boulders. Local language was provided by Laurie Elisala, Torenzo Elisala, Abi Mooka, Tenny Elisala, and Thomas Mooka.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Dauan Island (Fig. 5). Likely to be endemic to the island, based on the lack of piled boulder habitat on nearby islands or the adjacent New Guinean mainland. All records come from the lower and mid slopes of Mt Cornwallis (Simakal Pad), from an elevational range of 30–140 m a.s.l. Surveys were not conducted at higher elevations.</p><p>Natural history. Restricted to areas of deeply piled granite boulders with associated rainforest vegetation (Fig. 6). Males were found calling at night in narrow gaps between surface boulders. Females and sub–adults were found active at night on boulders and leaf-litter among boulders. Frogs were agile on the granite boulders and quickly retreated into deep gaps among the rocks when disturbed. The finger and toe discs were used in an ‘angular’, ‘gripping’ way (e.g., Figs 3A, 3D) when climbing on the rocks. Callulops gobakula sp. nov. was not found during surveys in adjacent habitats without deeply piled boulders. Surveys were conducted during wet weather, and it is assumed the species retreats deep among boulders during dry periods. Callulops gobakula sp. nov. is assumed to be a terrestrial breeder with direct development, like all other asterophryines. This is further supported by the large, pale eggs found in females QM J98927 and QM J98928, which are typical of other asterophryines (e.g., Hoskin 2004; Anstis et al. 2011).</p><p>Conservation. If C. gobakula sp. nov. is restricted to Dauan Island, then it has a very small distribution. The island has an area of about 3.4 km 2, of which approximately 1 km 2 is estimated to be potentially suitable piled rock habitat (or 1.05 km 2 measured as a minimum convex polygon). Callulops gobakula sp. nov. fits an IUCN Vulnerable listing based on Criterion D2: ‘restricted area of occupancy (AOO &lt;20 km 2) or number of locations (≤5), with a plausible future threat that could drive the taxon to Critically Endangered or Extinct in a very short time’. The ‘plausible future threat’ is Yellow Crazy Ants Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) . This invasive species is not known from Dauan Island but has been accidentally introduced to many tropical islands, globally, where it has had many documented impacts on invertebrates and vertebrates (e.g., Holway et al. 2002; Lach &amp; Hooper-Bùi 2010). Severe impacts have been documented on the abundance of small skinks in rainforest of mainland north Queensland (Lach et al. 2022). Based on likelihood of introduction and documented impacts, particularly on islands, it is reasonable to consider Yellow Crazy Ants as a plausible future threat that could rapidly impact C. gobakula sp. nov. More detailed surveys are required to estimate fine-scale distribution on Dauan Island and to assess other potential threats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F80A87E175039102FF5CFF29FE41B26F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hoskin, Conrad J.	Hoskin, Conrad J. (2025): A biogeographical puzzle: description of two new frog species (Microhylidae: Callulops and Choerophryne) from boulder-field habitat of Dauan Island, Torres Strait, Australia. Zootaxa 5693 (4): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.4.3
F80A87E1750E911BFF5CF917FECDB38E.text	F80A87E1750E911BFF5CF917FECDB38E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choerophryne koeypad Hoskin 2025	<div><p>Choerophryne koeypad sp. nov.</p><p>Koeypad Frog</p><p>(Figures 7–9)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (Fig. 7). QM J98929, field number conx5944, male, calling when captured, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.5301&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.4227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.5301/lat -9.4227)">Dauan Island</a> (9.4227° S, 142.5301° E), 13 January 2021, C. J. Hoskin, K. Aland, A. Davies, A. Zwar . Paratypes. QM J98930, QM J98931, QM J98932 (field numbers conx5945, conx5946, conx5947, respectively), all calling males. Collection details as for holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis. A relatively large (males 20.0– 21.2 mm), short–snouted (SN/ SVL 0.13–0.14) Choerophryne species, with a hidden tympanum in males, relatively short hindlimbs (TL–knee/ SVL 0.39–0.42), relatively short hands (HandL/ SVL 0.22–0.25) and feet (FootL/ SVL 00.31–0.33), relatively smooth dorsal skin, and call a regularly repeated (call interval 1.0– 2.5 s) burst of ‘tinks’ of relatively short call duration (0.78– 3.17 s), moderate note rate (6.13–6.94 notes/s) and relatively low frequency (dominant frequency 2885–3092 Hz).</p><p>Description of type series. Measurements and proportions of the type series are presented in Table 1. A moderately large Choerophryne (male SVL mean 20.8 mm, range 20.0– 21.2 mm). Head relatively wide (HW/SVL 0.34–0.38); broadly triangular in dorsal view, with a relatively short snout (SN/SVL 0.13–0.14); canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region steeply oblique, almost vertical, slightly concave posterior to naris; nostrils round, directed laterally, much closer to tip of snout than to eyes; tip of snout broad (IN/SVL 0.064 –0.072); internarial distance less than distance from naris to eye (EN/IN 1.33–1.46); snout generally slightly projecting (overhung) in lateral view (but no projection in QM J98929), truncate in dorsal view; eyes moderately large (EYE/SVL 0.10–0.12; EYE/SN 0.71–0.85); tympanum completely hidden by skin; no supratympanic fold. Moderately long forearm, hand and 3 rd finger (ArmL/SVL 0.45–0.50; FA/SVL 0.23–0.25; HandL/SVL 0.22–0.25; F3L/SVL 0.14–0.15). Relative length of fingers 3&gt;4&gt;2&gt;1; fingers unwebbed, but thickened skin gives the appearance of basal ‘webbing’ between fingers 2–3 and 3–4; large discs present on all fingers, about three times the width of penultimate phalanges (except the disc on finger 1, which is about two times wider); disc largest on 3 rd finger (3FD/SVL 0.049 –0.070), smallest on 1 st finger (1FD/SVL 0.028 –0.039); discs on all fingers truncate, especially on fingers 2, 3 and 4, where the discs are ‘T-shaped’ with a slight indentation at the midpoint of the distalmost edge; circum-marginal grooves present on all finger discs but generally hard to discern (perhaps an artefact of preservation), and particularly indistinct on finger 4; subarticular tubercles present, obvious near base of fingers 1 and 2 and about halfway along fingers 3 and 4, and second, smaller, tubercle usually present near distal end of each finger; metacarpal tubercles absent, but thickened, unpigmented skin present along base of palm. Hindlimb, foot and 4 th toe relatively long (TL–knee/SVL 0.39–0.42; FootL/SVL 0.31–0.33; T4L/SVL 0.16–0.19). Relative length of toes 4&gt;5≥3&gt;2&gt;1; toes unwebbed (but QM J98932 has thickened skin between base of toes 3–4 and 4–5); discs present on all toes, about twice width of penultimate phalanges (except disc on toe 1, which is about 1.5 times); disc widest on toe 4 (4TD/SVL 0.034 –0.058), narrowest on toe 1 (1TD/SVL 0.033 –0.047); toe discs smaller than those of fingers (3FD/4TD 1.08–1.52); rounded to moderately truncate, especially on toes 2, 3, 4 and 5; all discs with well–developed circum-marginal grooves; one subarticular tubercle on each toe, about halfway along, but some indication of a second tubercle on toe 4; a small, low, elongate, inner metatarsal tubercle; outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Skin texture in preservative. Dorsal texture smooth or very finely granular or dimpled (Fig. 7). Lateral surfaces smooth. Ventral surfaces smooth but with very fine granular texture on vocal sac (e.g., Fig. 8F). Colouration in preservative (e.g., Figs 7, 8F). Dorsal body and head pale beige ground colour with irregular, dark brown blotches; on closer inspection (under magnification) dorsal surface light brown (QM J98929 and QM J98930) or light grey (QM J98931, QM J98932), heavily patterned with dark brown blotching due to areas of dense stippling (remaining surfaces lightly stippled). Dorsal surfaces of all limbs (including hands and feet) as for head and back but paler. Dark grey along upper loreal area, between naris and eye; some indication of a thin, pale beige midline streak along top of snout and head (continuing as a vertebral line down the back), and pale beige interorbital bar (pale markings on head more conspicuous on two paler frogs: QM J98931 and QM J98932). Lateral surfaces cream or white, heavily stippled with brown or black. Ventral surfaces (Fig. 8F) cream or white, with very fine brown or black stippling on all surfaces, most prominent on throat and chest and under forearms; palmar and plantar surfaces pale grey with scattered fine black stippling, white subarticular tubercles and areas of thickened white skin at base of palm and heel. Pupil horizontal (but usually dilated).</p><p>Colour pattern and skin texture in life. Adult males (e.g., Fig. 8A–E). Dorsal ground colour light brown/ straw, with dark brown mottling or blotching. In some individuals blotching on back, shoulders and head connected to form extensive, irregular dark area down back, from between eyes to lumbar region. Most individuals with indication of pale beige interorbital bar and a thin, pale beige vertebral line extending from snout down length of back to urostyle, but these pale beige markings interrupted by darker markings. Dark brown band along upper canthal area, from naris to eye, continuing behind eye as an irregular band of irregular dark lateral markings above forelimb to groin. Dorsal colour and pattern of limbs, feet, hands and digits, as for head and back but typically paler (e.g., Fig. 8B, 8E). Posterior thigh light grey, extending as light grey blotches onto top of thigh, with some straw-coloured markings (Fig. 8B). Ventral surfaces pale pinkish grey, with small white spots and blotches on chest and throat. Underside of limbs, feet, hands and digits also pale pinkish grey, with small white spots on trailing edge of underside of thighs, and subarticular tubercles and discs white. Dorsal skin texture finely granular, with all dorsal surfaces evenly covered in small, rounded pustules and fine pitting. Ventral surfaces smooth. Females and subadults. Unknown.</p><p>Call. Each call is a short series of high-pitched notes: “tink, tink, tink, tink, …” (Fig. 9). Males call incessantly, with calls uttered in quick succession (interval between calls is about the same as call duration). Call measures are presented in Table 2, and have the following average values (with range in parentheses): call duration 1.65 s (0.78–3.17); number of notes 10.0 (5–19), note rate 6.38 notes/s (6.13–6.94); dominant frequency, one clear peak in energy, 2997 Hz (2885–3092); note length 0.0504 s (0.045 –0.059); note interval 0.134 s (0.110 –0.155); call repetition rate 1.65 s (1.00–2.49).</p><p>Comparisons. The combination of short snout (i.e., not obviously elongated), hidden or inconspicuous tympanum, and call that is a burst of ‘tinks’ distinguishes C. koeypad sp. nov. from all congeners except C. exclamitans and C. crucifer Günther &amp; Richards, 2017 .</p><p>Choerophryne koeypad sp. nov. is most similar to C. exclamitans, with which is shares a hidden tympanum in males and a metallic, tinking call. Choerophryne koeypad sp. nov. differs from C. exclamitans in the following morphological traits: larger size (adult male SVL mean 20.8 mm, range 20.0–21.2 vs mean 17.1 mm, 15.3–20.6); shorter hand (HandL/SVL mean 0.24, 0.22–0.25 vs 0.26, 0.25–0.29); shorter foot (FootL/SVL mean 0.32, 0.31–0.33 vs 0.35, 0.33–0.38); dorsal surfaces smooth to finely granular (vs more rugose, with scattered larger tubercles); ventral colour in preservative pale cream (e.g., Fig. 8F) (vs “overall uniformly dark gray” Kraus &amp; Allison 2005a), and ventral colour in life pale pinkish grey with scattered small white spots (vs “peppered light gray on a dark gray background” Kraus &amp; Allison 2005a). The call of C. koeypad sp. nov. differs from that of C. exclamitans in being shorter (mean 1.65 s, 0.78–3.17 vs 4.7 s, 0.32–6.75); having fewer notes (mean 10, 5–19 vs 35, 3–48), slower note rate (mean 6.15 notes/s, 5.81–6.41 vs 7.6 notes/s, 6.5–9.4; calculated here as number of notes divided by entire call duration, to match Kraus &amp; Allison (2005a)); lower dominant frequency (mean 2997 Hz, 2885–3092 vs 3400 Hz, 3256–3480); longer note length (mean 50 ms vs 20 ms); and much faster call rate (average interval between calls 1.7 s vs 18 s).</p><p>Choerophryne koeypad sp. nov. differs from C. crucifer (which also has a short snout, an inconspicuous tympanum, and a tinking call) in being substantially larger (adult male SVL 20.0– 21.2 mm vs 13.4–17.3 mm); having the tympanum completely hidden (vs small, about one-third of eye diameter); and in having a call of higher note rate (6.13–6.94 notes/s vs 4.39–5.18 notes/s) and much lower dominant frequency (mean 2997 Hz vs 5500 Hz). Data for C. crucifer comes from Günther &amp; Richards (2017).</p><p>Etymology. The species name koeypad is derived from the local language (Kalaw Kawaw Ya) words “koey pad”, meaning rocky mountain, and refers to the species being restricted to boulder habitat on Simakal Pad (Mt Cornwallis). Local language was provided by Laurie Elisala, Torenzo Elisala, Abi Mooka, Tenny Elisala, and Thomas Mooka.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Dauan Island (Fig. 10). Likely to be endemic to the island, based on the lack of piled boulder habitat on nearby islands or the adjacent New Guinean mainland. All records come from the lower to mid slopes of Mt Cornwallis (Simakal Pad), from about 40–150 m a.s.l., but no surveys were conducted above this elevation.</p><p>Natural history. Restricted to areas of deeply piled granite boulders with associated rainforest vegetation (Fig. 6). Males were most commonly found calling from the upper surface of green leaves of vines and other vegetation growing amongst the boulders, in the range of 50 cm to 2.5 m above the surface rocks. Several males were calling from the vertical faces of large surface boulders, and one male was calling from below surface level in piled boulders. Females and subadults were not found. Choerophryne koeypad sp. nov. was only found in direct association with piled boulders, and surveys away from piled rock did not find the species. Our survey, on the western side of Mt Cornwallis (Simakal Pad), found lower density and more patchy occurrence of males at lower elevations and more uniform occurrence and higher density towards mid elevation on the mountain. No surveys were conducted at higher elevations (i.e.,&gt; 150 m a.s.l. to the summit at 290 m a.s.l.). Surveys were conducted during wet weather, and it is assumed this species retreats among boulders during dry periods. There is no information on breeding biology but C. koeypad sp. nov. is assumed to be a terrestrial breeder with direct development, as for other asterophryines (e.g., Hoskin 2004; Anstis et al. 2011).</p><p>Conservation. Assuming C. koeypad sp. nov. is restricted to Dauan Island, it has a very small distribution. The area of potentially suitable boulder-field habitat is estimated as 1 km 2 (or 1.05 km 2 measured as a minimum convex polygon), but patchy occurrence in the survey to date suggests the species is unlikely to occur in all of that area. Choerophryne koeypad sp. nov. fits an IUCN listing of Vulnerable (Criterion D2) based on the following. It has an area of occupancy well below the threshold of 20 km 2 and occurs at a single location (as defined by ‘a single threatening event could rapidly affect all individuals’; IUCN 2024), with a plausible future threat (Yellow Crazy Ants) that could rapidly drive the species to Critically Endangered or Extinct (as covered above for C. gobakula sp. nov.). More detailed surveys are required to estimate fine-scale distribution on Dauan Island, and to assess other potential threats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F80A87E1750E911BFF5CF917FECDB38E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hoskin, Conrad J.	Hoskin, Conrad J. (2025): A biogeographical puzzle: description of two new frog species (Microhylidae: Callulops and Choerophryne) from boulder-field habitat of Dauan Island, Torres Strait, Australia. Zootaxa 5693 (4): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.4.3
