Subfamily Simonellinae Peckham, Peckham & Wheeler, 1888

Simonellii Peckham, Peckham & Wheeler, 1888 (Type genus: Simonella Peckham & Peckham, 1885, synonymized with Synemosyna Hentz, 1846 by Galiano 1966a).

Synemosinae Banks, 1892: 97, NEW SYNONYMY.

Synemosyneae: F.O.P.- Cambridge 1900: 168; Simon 1901: 508; Roewer 1954.

Synemosineae: Mello-Leitão 1917.

Synemosyninae: Reiskind 1971; Prószyński 1976: 17.

Monophyly: Known formerly as the Synemosyninae, this lineage includes ant-mimics ( Synemosyna, Fluda, Erica) and beetle-mimics ( Cylistella). The close relationship between these groups was not expected before the use of molecular data, but the clade has been consistently found in analyses (Maddison & Hedin 2003; Maddison et al. 2008). Although all simonellines have many modifications towards mimicry, they differ among species, and it is still not clear which morphological characters could be considered as synapomorphies for the whole group.