2.3.17 Thyridariaceae

Thyridariaceae was introduced by Hyde et al. (2013) with Thyridaria incrustans as the type genus and species, in the Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes . Thyridaria previously had been referred to some six different families. Three genera in Thyridariaceae have marine species: Thyridariella, Parathyridaria and Pseudothyridariella . Devadatha et al. (2018) introduced the new genus Thyridariella with two new marine species ( T. mangrovei, T. mahakoshae) on decaying wood of Avicennia marina from India. Based on phylogeny of 18 S, 28 S, ITS rRNA, RPB 2, and TEF- 1α genes, Thyridariella formed a sister relationship with a clade comprising Thyridaria and Parathyridaria in the Thyridariaceae . Thyridariella has ascomata with ostiolar necks thickened laterally, hyaline, and centrally constricted muriform ascospores with a single longitudinal septum in each segment and surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath (Devadatha et al. 2018). Parathyridaria differs in having pale to grayish brown, rarely muriform ascospores and one half of the spores is slightly larger than the other half (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016). Thyridaria differs from Thyridariella mainly in ascospore morphology, i.e., phragmosporus in Thyridaria without a sheath, while muriform in Thyridariella with a sheath (Devadatha et al. 2018; Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016). Thyridariella mahakoshae was subsequently transferred to the new genus Pseudothyridariella by Mapook et al. (2020) as Ps. mahakoshae . Three further marine species were referred to Thyridariaceae with the introduction of the genus Parathyridariella with Pa. dematiacea as the type species, found on the green alga Flabellia petiolata and the seagrass Posidonia oceanica . Parathyridaria tyrrhenica was described from the brown alga Padina pavonica and Flabellia petiolata; and Pa. fl abelliae from F. petiolata (Poli et al. 2020b) . Unfortunately, all were described from mycelial cultures without sexual and asexual morphology.