Cratomelus armatus Blanchard, 1851

(Figs. 1–5)

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:20213

Redescription. In addition to the characters of the genus: Male. Medium size (25–35 mm.), body reddish-brown shiny (Figs. 1A–B). Head. Fastigium of vertex not projected, almost as wide as scapus. Fastigium of frons rounded, touching fastigium of vertex. Clypeus wider than high, subtriangular, lateral margin gradually narrowing towards apical margin, slightly curved; apical margin arched. Scapus and pedicellus unarmed (Fig. 1C). Thorax. Pronotal disc with rounded anterior and posterior border, anterior border covered with short hairs (Fig. 1D). Legs. Fore tibia with a spur on the inner dorsal margin, near the apex, three or four spurs on both ventral margins, and apex with two spurs of similar length (Fig. 2A). Mid-tibia with two spurs on the outer dorsal margin and three spurs on the inner dorsal margin, ventral margins with four spurs, and apex with two spurs similar in length on each side (Fig. 2B). Hind femur with granules on dorsal margin; outer face of the femur with 12-16 chevrons located in the upper half, occupying two-thirds of the length of the femur; genicular lobe armed with a spinule on the ventral margin (Fig. 2C). Hind tibia with six conspicuous spines on each dorsal margin, ventral margins with two or three small spurs, apex with three spurs on each side, the most prominent being the dorsal ones (Figs. 2D–E). Wings. Tegminae surpasses the first abdominal tergite, reaching about the middle of the abdomen (Fig. 1D). Dorsal edge of tegmina curved, ventral one straight, widened area between MP+CuA2 with ten to twelve transversal veins (Fig. 2F). Hind wing with thickened veins, with two markedly expanded areas, the first and most conspicuous between the Sc and R veins, ovoid and elongated, the dorsal edge after this area is surrounded by Sc branches. The second area, between the CuP vein and the anal veins, is elongated and lanceolate (Fig. 2G). Abdomen robust, posterior margin of 6th and 7th tergites angulated, projecting moderately. 8th tergite extends over the last abdominal tergites, and is slightly divided at apex (Fig. 2H). 9th tergite with rounded posterior border and projecting moderately over last segment (Figs. 2 I-K). 10th tergite slightly divided by a membranous area, with a conical hook on each side (Fig. 2I). Cerci simple, projecting upwards from the base towards the apex (Fig. 2J). Paraprocts flattened, thin flexible, in the form of a wide hook (Figs. 2I, L). Male subgenital plate notch deep, reaching half the total length of the subgenital plate and covered by hairs along the edge of the notch; stily cylindrical and with almost the same thickness throughout its length (Fig. 2K). Phallic complex almost membranous, dl. lanceolate with an angulated posterior edge (Fig. 3A); ldl and lw.vl. located sideways (Figs. 3A–B); ldl rounded, in the middle of these is located ti, which is moderately sclerotized, yellowish, and located on the inner borders of ldl (Figs. 3B–C). lw.vl located, in ventral view, quadrangular, shorter than ldl, and covered by numerous microstructures (Figs. 3B). Ejv rounded and medium-sized; ejd thin and tubular, without sclerotizations (Fig. 3D). Df thin and surrounding the anterior border of the genitalia (Fig. 3A–D).

Female. Similar in shape and size to the male (Fig. 4). Tegmina rounded, both in the costal and anal margins, venation with a similar organization to the male (Fig. 5A). Hindwing with specialized venation similarly to the male (Fig. 5B). Posterior margin of the 7th and 8th tergites in the central portion moderately elevated, 10th tergite with a depression in the dorsal central area (Fig. 5C). Epiproctus semicircle-shaped; below those, the paraprocts are flattened, sclerotized, and surrounding the excretory pore (Fig. 5C). Subgenital plate triangular wider than long (Fig. 5D). Cerci without modification, thin and medium size. Ovipositor as long as two-thirds the length of the hind femur, dorsal and ventral borders smooth, slightly curving upwards, apex slightly pointed (Fig. 5E).

Specimenes examined. Chile, 1 female. 1957. 1 male. Surroundings of Valdivia (Alrededores de Valdivia), 17-1-1959, L. Langguth. (CAUD) . Chile, 1 male and 1 female. Barra del Río Bueno, II-1995, R . Vaz Ferraira (FCMU).

Measurements (mm) male/female: LB: 25–30 / 25–28. Pr: 7.5–9 / 7–8. Teg: 5–6.5 / 5–5.5. HF: 15–17 / 14–15. HT: 14–16 / 13–14. SP: 4–4.5 / 2–3. Ov: 10–11.

Distribution. Mainly in South-Central Chile, from sea level to 1600 m. They also inhabit islands to the south of their distribution. Recently reported for the Argentine side of the Andes (Zubarán & Braun 2018).

Comments. The type locality of this species is Chile, with no additional locality data. When compared with the lectotype specimen and the 14 paralectotype specimens (two of these with additional data, collected in Concepción and another from Talcahuano), deposited in the MNHN Paris, they fit the diagnostic characters of the specimens studied here, confirming that phenotypically they belong to the same species. Additionally, we compared specimens deposited in the collections of MFN, NMW, MACN, and type specimens of synonyms of the species such as Cratomelus productus Ander, 1932 (NHRS) and Lencinca ferrugínea Walker, 1870 (BMHN), all also fit the morphological characteristics of our specimens here described.