Bharetta owadai Kishida, 1986

https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5981CD90-6A21-4585-B437-79FDCCEA3672

(Figs 1–5, 15–19)

Bharetta owadai Kishida, 1986, Japan Heterocerists’ Journal, 138, 202. Type locality: Taiwan, Taipei, Wulan. HT ♂, GS 4055 (NSMT).

Taxonomic note. The Taiwanese species Bh. owadai was reported additionally from Vietnam (Zolotuhin & Witt, 2000) and the mainland China (Zolotuhin, 2009). Analysis of the male genitalia showed that the Vietnamese population consist of the two distinct lineages (compare Figs 22 and 23–24), one of which is described below as Bh. hanne sp. nov., while the other one is morphologically similar to the Taiwanese and mainland specimens. The mainland population has only one morphologic difference from the Taiwanese Bh. owadai – the tip of sacculus is rounded instead of pointed (compare Figs 15–17 and 20–22). Analysis of the COI sequences revealed that the mainland population and the true Bh. owadai from Taiwan have the p -distance varying from 3.26 to 4.56 % (Table 2, Fig. 25). The values are comparable with the p -distance between the Indian Bh. cinnamomea (morphologically distinct from the other Bharetta species, Figs 13–14) and the Taiwanese Bh. owadai and mainland population being 4.89 and 5.54 % respectively. Considering the values of p -distance between the Taiwanese and mainland specimens and the fact that Taiwan is separated from the mainland with the 180 km wide Taiwan Strait, we conclude that the Taiwanese Bh. owadai occurs only on Taiwan, and the mainland population is considered to be distinct species described below as Bh. sarah sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Bharetta owadai is externally similar with Bh. sarah sp. nov. and Bh. hanne sp. nov. but differs from:

1) Bh. sarah sp. nov. with pointed shorter apex of sacculus (n=3; compare Figs 15–17 and 20–22); allopatric distribution (Fig. 26); and p -distance of 3.26–4.56 % in COI barcodes;

2) Bh. hanne sp. nov. with overall smaller clasping apparatus and phallus, shorter sacculus with shorter apex (compare Figs 15–17 and 23–24); allopatric distribution (Fig. 25).

Distribution (Fig. 25). Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests and South Taiwan monsoon rain forests (see Olson, 2001; Dinerstein et al., 2017).

Biology. Adults were collected in February–April, July–August, and October from altitudes of 390–2300 m.

Genetics. The p -distance between COI barcodes of Bh. owadai and Bh. sarah sp. nov. varies from 3.26 to 4.56%, while between Bh. owadai and Bh. cinnamomea —4.89%.

Examined adults. Type: HT, “ FORMOSA / TAIPEI: / Wulai / 10.IV.1972 / M.OWADA,” GS NSMT 4055 (NSMT) . Non-type: ♂, “ TAIWAN Prov. / Taitung / 4 km N of Tupan / 390 m 1.7.1997 / 120’52”E 22’28”N / lg. Csövari & Mikus,” GS 1291 (CGM) ; ♀, “ TAIWAN, Prov. Kaohsiung, 700 m / Liu-Kuei, San-Ping Forest Res. Stat. / 22°58’16”N, 120°41’15”E, 14-15.IV. / 1997, leg. L/ Peregovits & A. Kun,” GS 1290 (CGM) ; ♂, “ TAIWAN, Prov. Taitung / 7 km N of Tupan, 500m / 14.- 16.02.1997 / leg. S. Simonyi & P. Steger ” (CGM) ; 4♂, “ TAIWAN Prov. Taoyuan / 16km E of Fuhsing / 121’24”E – 24’50”N / 870 m 22.8.1996 / leg. / T. Csövary & L. Mikus,” GS 1292 (CGM, MWM / ZSM) ; ♂, “ TAIWAN, Prov. Taoyuan, / 14 km E Fuhsing, / 800 m, 4. X. 1995, / 121°23’E, 24°50’N, / leg. Tibor Csővary & / Pál Stéger,” GS 4130 (CGM) ; ♀, “ TAIWAN, Prov. Ilan, 1200 m / Ming Chyr Forest Recreation / Area, 30-31.III.1997 / leg. Csorba & Ronkay,” GS 5070 (CGM) ; 2♂, “[Section 4, Fuxing Township, Taoyuan County] / Taiwan, Taoyuan / Fuhsing, Suleng / 1,200m, 25. I. / 1992, M. Owada leg.” (NSMT) ; ♀, “[Taiwan Province Nantou / Ren’ai Xianglu] 2300m / 6-AUG-1996 / [Maano Takahiro] leg.” (NSMT) ; ♀, Taiwan, Nantou County, central region, Lushan Hot Springs, 24.022, 121.154, 1000 m, 23.V.2005, M.-Y. Chen & U. Buchsbaum, BOLD GWOSY431-11 (ZSM) .