5.1 Genus Gasteruption Latreille, 1796

Gasteruption: Latreille, 1796: 113–114 [descr., type species: Ichneumon assectator Linnaeus, 1758 designated by Latreille, 1810]; Crosskey, 1962: 381 [taxonomic history and complete list of synonyms], 383 [figs. 4–14, venation in some Gasteruption]; Jennings & Austin, 2002: 743 [diag., comments, distribution and biology]; Jennings & Austin, 2004: 191–192 [host relationships of Gasteruption]; Zhao et al., 2012: 7–8 [descr.]; van Achterberg 2013: 59 [illustrated key for the Netherlands]; van Achterberg & Talebi, 2014: 10 [illustrated key for Iran and Turkey]; Tan et al., 2016: 53–54 [genus taxonomy history, key to species Gastruption from Palaearctic China]; Tan et al., 2021: 3–4 [remarks, key to species Gastruption from Palaearctic China].

Rhydinofoenus: Bradley, 1909: 38 [descr., type-species: Rhydinofoenus kaweahensis Bradley, 1909 by original designation].

Dolichofoenus: Kieffer, 1910: 77 [descr., type-species: Foenus raphidioides Westwood, 1851 by original designation].

Trichofoenus: Kieffer, 1910: 77 [descr., type-species: Gasteruption merceti Kieffer, 1904 by original designation].

Number of valid species from China: 41.

(1) Gasteruption abeillei Kieffer, 1912

Gasteruption abeillei Kieffer, 1912: 228 [in key], 231[in key], 251[diag.]; Tan et al., 2021: 10 [in key], 32 [in key], 37–38 [figs. 1–12, 3♂ 3♀, NWUX, RMNH].

Trichofoenus breviterebrae: Watanabe, 1934: 285; Synonymized with G. assectator (Linnaeus) by Pagliano & Scaramozzino (2000) and with G. boreale (Thomson) by Tan et al. (2016) and Johansson & van Achterberg (2016).

Distribution: China (Shaanxi), Russia, Europe (Kieffer 1912; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(2) Gasteruption amoyense Pasteels, 1958

Gasteruption amoyense: Pasteels, 1958: 178–179 [descr., fig. 4, USNM, ♀]; Zhao et al., 2012: 13 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 17–19 [descr., figs. 2–9; 1♀, ZJU; 3♀♀, CSCS]; Tan et al., 2021: 21 [in key], 28 [in key], 38–42[figs. 13–26, 3♀, NWUX].

Gasteruption curiosum: Pasteels, 1958: 177–178 [descr., ♀, NHMUK, Type Hym. 3a.365, fig. 3.] .

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Hongkong) (Pasteels 1958; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(3) Gasteruption angulatum Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012

Gasteruption angulatum: Zhao et al., 2012: 12 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 19–22 [descr., figs. 10–23, holotype, ♀, ZJU; paratype: 1♀, ZJU; 1♂, SCAU; 2♀, SCAU; 2♀ 1♂, ZJU; 1♀, RMNH, 1♂, ZJU; 1♂, SCAU]. Tan et al., 2016: 66 [in key], 76 [in key], 85 [figs. 1–6, 1♂, NWUX]; Tan et al., 2021: 17 [in key], 28 [in key], 42[figs. 27–37, 1♂, NWUX].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang) (Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2016; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(4) Gasteruption assectator (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ichneumon assectator: Linnaeus, 1758: 566 [descr.];

Foenus assectator: Fabricius, 1798: 240 [descr.]; Westwood, 1843: 255 [note on taxonomy].

Gasteruption assectator: Schletterer, 1885: 276–277 [descr.], 316–317 [in catalog]; Dalla Torre, 1902: 1063 [in catalog]; Kieffer, 1912: 256 [descr., fig. 63]; Hedicke, 1939: 5 [in catalog.]; Townes, 1950: 121 [in key], 123–128 [descr.]; Madl, 1989b: 159 [descr.], 1989c: 41 [in key]; Kofler & Madl, 1990: 320 [in the catalog]; Wall, 1994: 150–151 [descr.]; Smith, 1996: 492 [in key]; Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 2000: 11 [in key, female], 19 [in key, male]; Zhao et al., 2012: 10 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 23–27 [descr., figs. 24–37, numerous specimens deposited in ZJU and CSCS]; Tan et al., 2021: 9 [in key], 31 [in key], 42–44[notes].

Foenus borealis: Thomson, 1883: 849 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 7 [in catalog]. Synonymized with G. assectator Linnaeus by Schletterer, 1889.

Gasteruption boreale: Schletterer, 1885: 303–304 [descr.].

Foenus fumipennis: Thomson, 1883: 848 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 7 [in catalog]; Wall, 1994: 148 [synonymy with G. assectator]. Synonymized with G. assectator Linnaeus by Schletterer, 1885.

Foenus nigritarsis: Thomson, 1883: 849 [descr.]; Schletterer, 1889: 398 [taxonomic history]; Hedicke, 1939: 7 [in catalog]; Wall, 1994: 149 [synonymy with G. assectator]. Synonymized with G. assectator Linnaeus by Schletterer, 1889.

Gasteruption nigritarse: Schletterer, 1885: 310 [descr.].

Gasteruption brevicauda: Kieffer, 1904: 648 [descr.], 1912: 259 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 8 [in catalog]; Madl, 1987a: 401 [in key]; Wall, 1994: 148 [synonymy with G. assectator]. Synonymized with G. assectator Linnaeus by Madl, 1987b.

Gasteruption abeillei: Kieffer, 1912: 228 [in key, female], 231 [in key, male], 251 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 5 [in catalog]; Wall, 1994: 148 [synonymy with G. assectator]. Synonymized with G. assectator Linnaeus by Madl, 1989b.

Trichofoenus breviterebrae: Watanabe, 1934: 285 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 45 [in catalog].

Gasteruption rugulosum: Malyshev, 1965: 245 [descr.].

Gasteruption margotae: Madl, 1987b:225 [descr.]; Wall, 1994:149 [synonymy with G.assectator].Synonymized by with G. assectator Linnaeus by Madl, 1990.

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Hubei, Tibet, Hunan, Sichuan), Russia, Japan, Europe (Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(5) Gasteruption assectoides Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012

Gasteruption assectoides: Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 28–30 [descr., figs. 38–46, holotype, ♀, CSCS] .

Distribution: China (Hubei) (Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(6) Gasteruption bicoloratum Tan & van Achterberg, 2016

Gasteruption bicoloratum: Tan et al., 2016: 61 [in key], 78 [in key], 86–90, [figs. 7–22, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 4♀♀ 3♂♂, NWUX and RMNH.]; Tan et al., 2021: 10 [in key], 31 [in key], 44[1♂ 1♀, NWUX]

Distribution: China (Gansu, Shaanxi), Russia (Tan et al. 2016; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(7) Gasteruption bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958

Gasteruption bimaculatum: Pasteels, 1958: 191–192, [fig. 16, holotype, ♂, NHRS -HEVA000001977, paratype, 2♀♀, USNM]; Zhao et al., 2012: 10 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 30–35 [descr., figs. 47–62, paratype, 1♂ 3♀♀, CSCS, 1♂ 7♀♀, ZJU, 1♀, RMNH, 2♀♀, SCAU]; Tan et al., 2021: 11 [in key], 32 [in key], 44–45 [figs. 38–56; 2♂ 3♀, NWUX, 1♀, RMNH].

Gasteruption obscuripenne: Pasteels, 1958: 189–190 [descr., fig. 14].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Henan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet), Burma (Pasteels 1958; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(8) Gasteruption birmanense Pasteels, 1958

Gasteruption birmanense: Pasteels, 1958: 199 [holotype, ♀, NHRS -HEVA 000001978; paratype, 1♂, NHRS - HEVA000001979], fig. 22; Zhao et al., 2012: 13 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 35–38 [descr., figs. 63–70], [1♀, ZJU, 1♀, CSCS].

Distribution: China (Hunan, Sichuan), Burma (Pasteels 1958; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(9) Gasteruption boreale (Thomson, 1883)

Foenus borealis; Thomson, 1883: 849 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. assectator (Linnaeus) by Schletterer (1889) and with G. minutum (Tournier) by van Achterberg & Talebi (2014).

Gasteruption boreale: Schletterer, 1885: 303 [descr.]. Tan et al., 2016: 59 [in key, female], 79 [in key], 90–91 [diag., figs. 23–32, holotype of G. breviterebrae, ♀, ECHU, holotype of Trichofoenus breviterebrae; paratype, 1♂, ECHU].

Trichofoenus breviterebrae; Watanabe, 1934: 285 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. assectator (Linnaeus) by Pagliano & Scaramozzino (2000) and with G. boreale (Thomson) by Johansson & van Achterberg (2016).

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang), Russia (Thomson 1883; Tan et al. 2016).

Biology. Host unknown.

(10) Gasteruption brevicuspis Kieffer, 1911

Gasteruption brevicuspis: Kieffer, 1911: 196 [descr.], 1912: 293–294 [descr.]; Tan et al., 2021: 11 [in key], 31 [in key], 45–51 [figs. 57–79; 16♂ 30♀, NWUX, 1♂ 5♀, RMNH].

Gasteruption terebrelligerum: Enderlein, 1913: 323–324 [descr., holotype, ♀, SDEI]; Hedicke, 1939: 28 [in catalog]; Pasteels, 1958: 189 [descr.]; Zhao et al., 2012: 10 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 97–100 [descr., figs. 273–285; 1♀ 3♂♂, SCAU, numerous specimens from Fujian, Shanxi, Hunan and Yunnan, CSCS].

Distribution: China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hubei, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Yunnan) (Enderlein 1913; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(11) Gasteruption coloratum Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012

Gasteruption coloratum: Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 38–40 [descr., figs. 71–78, holotype, ♀, ZJU]; Tan et al., 2021: 13 [in key], 33 [in key], 51–52 [figs. 80–92; 2♀, NWUX].

Distribution: China (Xinjiang) (Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(12) Gasteruption corniculigerum Enderlein, 1913

Gasteruption corniculigerum: Enderlein, 1913: 322–323 [descr., paratype, 4♀ 2♂, SDEI]; Hedicke, 1939: 27 [in catalog]; Pasteels, 1958: 176–177 [descr.], fig. 1; Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 40–45 [descr., figs. 79–94, 9♀ 6♂, ZJU, 1♀ 1♂, NMNS, 5♀ 3♂, TARI, 17♂, SCAU]; Tan et al., 2021: 16 [in key], 23 [in key], 53–54 [figs. 93–106; 2♀, NWUX, 1♀, RMNH].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou) (Enderlein 1913; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host, Hylaeus perforata (Guo et al. 2021) .

(13) Gasteruption dilutum Semenov, 1892

Gasteryption dilutum: Semenov, 1892: 23–24 [holotype, ♂, ZISP] .

Gasteruption dilutum; Szépligeti, 1903: 369 [in key]; Kieffer, 1912: 231 [in key], 271 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 8 [in catalog]; Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 45–47 [descr., figs. 95–102].

Distribution: China (Xinjiang) (Semenov 1892; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(14) Gasteruption dimidiatum Semenov, 1892

Gasteryption dimidiatum: Semenov, 1892: 22–23 [descr., holotype, ♀, ZISP, 79396]; Kieffer, 1912: 229 [in key], 263–264 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 9 [in catalog]; Zhao et al., 2012: 10 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 48–50 [descr., figs. 103–110, paratype, 4♀♀, ZJU, 1♀, RMNH].

Distribution: China (Xinjiang), Uzbekistan (Semenov 1892; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(15) Gasteruption formilis Alekseev, 1995

Gasteruption formilis: Alekseev, 1995: 42 [in key only, holotype information unavailable]; Zhao et al., 2012: 10 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 51–54 [descr., figs. 111–123; 3♂♂ 1♀, ZJU].

Distribution: China (Gansu, Xinjiang) (Alekseev 1995; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(16) Gasteruption formosanum Enderlein, 1913

Gasteruption formosanum: Enderlein, 1913: 326 [descr., holotype, ♂, SDEI]; Hedicke, 1939: 27 [in catalog]; Pasteels, 1958: 188–189 [descr.], fig. 13; Zhao et al., 2012: 9 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 54–57 [descr., 1♀ 3♂, RMNH, 2♀, ZJU, 2♀, RMNH, figs. 124–141].

Distribution: China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Taiwan) (Enderlein 1913; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(17) Gasteruption granulatum Tan & van Achterberg, 2021

Gasteruption granulatum: Tan et al., 2021: 7 [in key], 29 [in key], 55–59, [descr., figs. 107–123, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 1♀, RMNH, 1♂ 1♀, NWUX].

Gasteruption parvicollarium: Zhao et al., 2012: 68–72 [female].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi) (Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(18) Gasteruption huangshii Tan & van Achterberg, 2016

Gasteruption huangshii: Tan et al., 2016: 67 [in key], 75 [in key], 91–96, [figs. 33–48, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 5♂♂, NWUX and RMNH.]

Distribution: China (Shaanxi) (Tan et al. 2016).

Biology. Host unknown, but this species was collected together with a Hylaeus sp. (Tan et al. 2016).

(19) Gasteruption japonicum Cameron, 1888

Gasteruption japonicum: Cameron, 1888: 134 [descr., holotype, ♀, NHMUK]; Zhao et al., 2012: 13 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 58–61 [descr., 5♀ 2♂, TARI, 9♀, ZJU, 5♀ 1♂, CAU, 2♀, SCAU, figs. 142–152]; Tan et al., 2016: 71 [in key, female], 84 [in key], 97–98 [notes., figs. 49–57, 2♀, NWUX, RMNH; 2♀ 1♂, NWUX]; Tan et al., 2021: 22 [in key], 36 [in key], 59–60 [notes, 4♂ 22♀, NWUX, 4♀, RMNH]

Gasteruption sinense var. minus: Kieffer, 1924: 78 [descr., holotype, 1♀ 1♂, TARI, probably lost or present in remants of Kieffer collection] .

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Japan (Cameron 1888; Kieffer 1924; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2016; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(20) Gasteruption rufescenticorne Enderlein, 1913

Gasteruption rufescenticorne: Enderlein, 1913: 324–325 [descr., lectotype, 1♀, ZMIZ, 2♂, SDEI, 1♂, ZMIZ]; Hedicke, 1939: 28 [in catalog]; Pasteels, 1958: 177 [descr., fig. 2]; Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 75–80 [descr., 5♀♀ 19♂♂, ZJU, 1♀, CAU, 1♂, NMNS, 5♀♀ 5♂♂, TARI, 3♀♀ 4♂♂, SCAU, figs. 200–216].

Distribution: China (Ningxia, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan) (Enderlein 1913; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(21) Gasteruption kexinae Tan & van Achterberg, 2021

Gasteruption rufescenticorne: Zhao et al., 2012: 75–80 [paralectotype; not lectotype].

Gasteruption kexinae: Tan et al., 2021: 16 [in key], 23 [in key], 60–65 [descr., figs. 144–154, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 3♀ 3♂, NWUX, RMNH, 3♀ 10♂, ZJU].

Distribution: China (Ningxia, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi) (Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(22) Gasteruption latitibia Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012

Gasteruption latitibia: Zhao et al., 2012: 9 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 62–65 [descr.; holotype, ♀, ZJU; paratypes, 2♀♀ 1♂, ZJU, 1♀ 1♂, SCAU, figs. 153–165]; Tan et al., 2021: 8 [in key], 29 [in key], 65–66 [descr., figs. 144–154, 6♂ 20♀, NWUX, 5♀, RMNH].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou) (Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(23) Gasteruption minutum (Tournier, 1877)

Foenus minutus: Tournier, 1877: ix [descr.]; Schletterer, 1889: 398 [descr.] (as synonym of G. assectator (Linnaeus)) .

Gasteruption minutum: Kieffer, 1912: 257 [descr.]; Wall, 1994: 159 [descr.]; Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 2000: 11 [in key], 19 [in key], 30 [descr.]; Tan et al., 2021: 5 [in key], 24 [in key], 66–71 [notes, figs. 154–173, 5♀ 1♂, NWUX, RMNH].

Foenus longigena: Thomson, 1883: 849 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. minutum (Tournier) by Ferrière (1946).

Gasteruption longigena: Schletterer, 1889: 399 [descr.]; Kieffer, 1912: 270 [descr.]; Wall, 1994: 149 [descr.]; Hellén, 1950: 4 [as G. “ longiserra ” and as synonym of G. minutum (Tournier)].

Gasteruption oriplanum: Kieffer, 1911: 210 [descr.]; Zhao et al., 2012: 8 [in key], 15 [in key], 65–68 [descr., figs. 166–173, 3♂, ZJU, RMNH, 5♀, CSCS]. Synonymized with G. minutum by Tan et al. (2021).

Distribution: China (Tibet, Shaanxi), South Palaearctic, Central Europe (Tournier 1877; Kieffer 1912; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(24) Gasteruption oriplanum Kieffer, 1911

Gasteruption oriplanum: Kieffer, 1911: 210 [descr., holotype, ♂, NHMUK]; Hedicke, 1939: 27 [in catalog]; Zhao et al., 2012: 8 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 65–68 [descr., 3♂♂, ZJU and RMNH, 1♀, CSCS, figs. 166–173].

Distribution: China (Tibet) (Kieffer 1911; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(25) Gasteruption nigritarsis (Thomson, 1883)

Foenus nigritarsis: Thomson, 1883: 849 [descr.]; Schletterer, 1889: 398 [descr.]; Wall, 1994: 149 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. assectator (Linnaeus) by Schletterer (1889).

Gasteruption nigritarse: Schletterer, 1885: 310 [descr.]; Johansson & van Achterberg, 2016: 84–86 [descr.]; Tan et al., 2021: 9 [in key], 31 [in key], 71–75 [notes, figs. 174–194, 6♀, NWUX, 5♀ 1♂, RMNH].

Distribution: China (Gansu, Shaanxi), Europe (Thomson 1883; Schletterer 1885; Tan et al. 2021).

(26) Gasteruption oshimense Watanabe, 1934

Gasteruption tournieri: Schletterer, 1885: 287 [descr., holotype, ♀]; Dalla Torre, 1902: 1075 [in the catalog]; Szépligeti, 1903: 368 [in key]; Kieffer, 1912: 227 [in key, female], 230 [in key, male], 247 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 25 [in catalog]; Crosskey, 1951: 292–294 [descr., fig. 9]; Madl, 1987a: 404 [diag.]; Kofler & Madl, 1990: 322 [in catalog]; Wall, 1994: 164 [descr.]; Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 2000: 15 [in key, female], 17 [in key, male], 33–34 [descr.]; Turrisi, 2004: 84 [in catalog]; Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 13 [in key, male], 103–108 [descr., figs. 295–308; 1♀, CSCS, 7♀♀ 1♂, ZJU, 5♀♀, SCAU].

Gasteruption austriacum: Schletterer, 1885: 277 [descr., holotype, ♂]; Hedicke, 1939: 26 [in catalog]; Wall, 1994: 148 [synonymy with G. tournieri]; synonymized with G. tournieri Schletterer by Schletterer, 1889.

Gasteruption nitidum: Schletterer, 1885: 281–282 [descr., holotype, ♂]; Hedicke, 1939: 26 [in catalog]; Wall, 1994: 149 [synonymy with G. tournieri]; synonymized with G. tournieri Schletterer by Schletterer, 1889.

Gasteruption oshimense Watanabe, 1934: 283–284 . Tan et al., 2016: 65 [in key], 71 [in key], 99–100 [notes, figs. 58–67, 2♀ 3♂, NWUX, 3♀ 6♂, NWUX, RMNH, G. tournieri by Zhao et al., 2012 are included under Gasteruption oshimense]; Tan et al., 2021: 15 [in key], 23 [in key], 75–78 [notes, figs. 195–212, 20♀ 6♂, NWUX, 8♀, RMNH].

Distribution: China (Gansu, Jilin, Shaanxi, Henan, Hunan, Guizhou), Japan, South and Central Europe, up to England, Netherlands and Germany (Watanabe 1934; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2016; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(27) Gasteruption pannuceum Tan & van Achterberg, 2016

Gasteruption pannuceum: Tan et al., 2016: 63 [in key], 76 [in key], 101–102, [descr., figs. 68–77, holotype, ♀, NWUX]

Distribution: China (Shaanxi) (Tan et al. 2016).

Biology. Host unknown.

(28) Gasteruption parvicollarium Enderlein, 1913

Gasteruption parvicollarium: Enderlein, 1913: 323–324 [descr., holotype, ♂, SDEI]; Hedicke, 1939: 27 [in catalog]; Pasteels, 1958: 183 [descr., fig. 8]; Zhao et al., 2012: 9 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 68–72 [descr., figs. 174–190, 8♀♀ 4♂♂, ZJU, 1♂, CAU, 1♀, RMNH, 10♀♀ 20♂♂, TARI, 3♀♀, SCAU]; Tan et al., 2021: 7 [in key], 27 [in key], 78–82 [notes, figs. 213–231, 9♀ 4♂, NWUX, 4♀, RMNH].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Fujian, Taiwan) (Enderlein 1913; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(29) Gasteruption pedion Tan & van Achterberg, 2021

Gasteruption pedion: Tan et al., 2021: 20 [in key], 27 [in key], 82–86, [descr., figs. 232–252, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 2♂ 3♀, RMNH, NWUX, 1♂ 1♀, SCAU].

Distribution: China (Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Yunnan) (Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(30) Gasteruption poecilothecum Kieffer, 1911

Gasteruption poecilothecus: Kieffer, 1911: 205 [descr., holotype, ♀, NHMUK]; Zhao et al., 2012: 13 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 73–75 [descr., 2♀♀, ZJU, 1♀, RMNH, 1♀, CSCS, figs. 191–199].

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Xinjiang, Hebei) (Kieffer 1911; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(31) Gasteruption reductum Tan & van Achterberg, 2021

Gasteruption pedion: Tan et al., 2021: 19 [in key], 27 [in key], 86–91 [descr., figs. 253–271, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 1♂ 5♀, RMNH, NWUX, 1♀, SCAU].

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Hebei) (Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(32) Gasteruption shengi Tan & van Achterberg, 2016

Gasteruption shengi: Tan et al., 2016: 63 [in key], 82 [in key], 104–108, [descr., figs. 78–94, holotype, ♀, NWUX, paratype, 1♀ 1♂, RMNH, 1♂, NWUX.]

Distribution: China (Ningxia, Inner Mongolia) (Tan et al. 2016).

Biology. Host unknown.

(33) Gasteruption sinarum Kieffer, 1911

Gasteruption sinarum: Kieffer, 1911: 205–206 [descr., holotype, ♀, NHMUK]; Kieffer, 1912: 229 [in key], 264 [descr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 21 [in catalog]; Zhao et al., 2012: 12 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 80–85 [descr., 21♀♀ 4♂♂, ZJU, 6♀♀ 1♂, CAU, 1♀, RMNH, 28♀ 3♂♂, TARI, 29♀♀ 5♂♂, SCAU, 1♀ 1♂, CSCS, figs. 217– 227]; Tan et al., 2021: 13 [in key], 37 [in key], 91–92 [notes, figs. 272–291, 1♀ 1♂, NWUX].

Gasteruption sinense: Kieffer, 1924: 77–78 [descr., lectotype, ♀, TARI, paralectotype, 1 ♀, TARI]; Hedicke, 1939: 21 [in catalog].

Distribution: China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Tianjin, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou) (Kiffer 1911; Kieffer 1924; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(34) Gasteruption sinepunctatum Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012

Gasteruption sinepunctatum: Zhao et al., 2012: 13 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 85–87 [descr.; holotype, ♀, ZJU; paratype, 3♀♀ 2♂♂, TARI, 1♀, CSCS; figs. 228–240]; Tan et al., 2016: 70 [in key], 75 [in key], 108–109 [note, figs. 95–104, 1♀, NWUX]; Tan et al., 2021: 22 [in key], 27 [in key], 92–96 [notes, figs. 292–298, 5♀ 3♂, NWUX].

Distribution: China (Jilin, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Tibet) (Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2016; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(35) Gasteruption sinicola (Kieffer, 1924)

Trichofoenus sinicola: Kieffer, 1924: 79 [descr., holotype, probably lost]; Hedicke, 1939: 45 [in catalog].

Gasteruption sinicola: Zhao et al., 2012: 9 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 88–91 [descr., figs. 241–251, 11♀♀ 10♂♂, ZJU, 2♀♀ 3♂♂, SCAU, 1♀, RMNH, combination with Trichofoenus sinicola].

Distribution: China (Ningxia, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan) (Kieffer 1924; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(36) Gasteruption strigosum Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012

Gasteruption strigosum: Zhao et al., 2012: 10 [in key, female], 15 [in key, male], 91–94 [descr., figs. 252–264, holotype, ♀, SCAU; paratype, 2♀♀ 1♂, ZJU, 1♀ 1♂, CSCS].

Distribution: China (Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan) (Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(37) Gasteruption subhamatum Pasteels, 1958

Gasteruption subhamatum: Pasteels, 1958: 206–207 [fig. 28; holotype, ♀, USNM]; Zhao et al., 2012: 8 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 94–97 [descr., figs. 265–272; 2♀♀, SCAU].

Distribution: China (Hainan), Malaysia (Pasteels 1958; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(38) Gasteruption subtile (Thomson, 1883)

Foenus subtilis: Thomson, 1883: 847 [descr.].

Gasteruption subtile: Schletterer, 1889: 425 [descr.]; Szépligeti, 1903: 370 [descr.]; Kieffer, 1912: 263 [descr.]; Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 2000: 13 [in key], 19 [in key], 33 [descr.]; Tan et al., 2021: 20 [in key], 36 [in key], 96–98 [notes, figs. 299–307, 1♀ 1♂, NWUX, 1♀, NHMUK].

Gasteruption kriechbaumeri: Schletterer, 1889: 384 [in key], 389[in key], 395–396 [descr.]; Szépligeti, 1903: 370 [descr.]; Kieffer, 1912: 267 [descr.]; Wall, 1994: 149 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. subtile (Thomson) by Madl (1989a).

Gasteruption sabulosum: Schletterer, 1889: 390 [in key], 396 [diag.]; Kieffer, 1912: 264 [descr.]; Wall, 1994: 149 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. kriechbaumeri Schletterer by Ferrière (1946) and with G. subtile (Thomson) by Madl (1989a).

Gasteruption poecilothecus: Kieffer, 1911: 205 [descr.].

Gasteruption poecilothecum: Zhao et al. 2012: 73–75 [descr.]; Tan et al. 2016: 69 [in key], 84 [in key].

Gasteruption rossicum: Kozlov, 1974: 76 [descr.]; Wall, 1994: 149 [descr.]. Synonymized with G. subtile (Thomson) by Kozlov (1974).

Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Xinjiang); Europe (alpine-boreal); Mongolia; Far East Russia (Thomson 1883; Kieffer 1911; Zhao et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2021).

Biology. Host unknown.

(39) Gasteruption tonkinense Pasteels, 1958

Gasteruption tonkinense: Pasteels, 1958: 180 [descr., holotype, ♀, MNHM]; Zhao et al., 2012: 12 [in key, female], 13 [in key, male], 100–103 [descr., figs. 286–294; 1♀, SCAU, 1♀, TARI, 5♀♀, ZJU, 2♀♀, CSCS].

Distribution: China (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou), Vietnam (Pasteels 1958; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(40) Gasteruption transversiceps Pasteels, 1958

Gasteruption transversiceps: Pasteels, 1958: 208–209 [descr., holotype, ♀, USNM], fig. 30; Zhao et al., 2012: 12 [in key, female], 16 [in key, male], 108–110 [descr., figs. 309–316, 1♀, ZJU].

Distribution: China (Hainan), Malaysia (Pasteels 1958; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.

(41) Gasteruption varipes (Westwood, 1851)

Foenus varipes: Westwood, 1851: 220 [descr., holotype, ♂, NHMUK].

Gasteruption varipes: Schletterer, 1885: 289–290 [descr.], 325 [in catalog], 1890: 383 [in key], 434 [descr.]; Kieffer, 1912: 231 [in key], 269 [redescr.]; Hedicke, 1939: 26–27 [in catalog]; Pasteels, 1958: 186–188 [descr.]; Zhao et al., 2012: 11 [in key, female], 14 [in key, male], 111–117 [descr., figs. 317–333; 7♂♂, ZJU and RMNH, 11♀♀ 12♂♂, ZJU, 1♀, RMNH, 1♀, TARI, 1♀, CSCS].

Distribution: China (Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Yunnan) (Westwood 1851; Zhao et al. 2012).

Biology. Host unknown.