Phytomyza anemones Hering

(Fig. 175)

Material examined. MASSACHUSETTS: Hampden Co., Blandford, 9.ix.2015, em. 15.iii–21.iv.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Anemone quinquefolia, #CSE2246, CNC634793–634797 (2♂ 3♀) .

Host. Ranunculaceae: Anemone * quinquefolia L.

Leaf mine. (Fig. 175) A contorted track, forming a secondary blotch with primary and secondary feeding lines conspicuous in transmitted light; frass in scattered, dark grains, sometimes forming beaded strips. Mines on Anemone quinquefolia are more or less full-depth and transparent, and may occupy an entire leaflet when complete.

Puparium. Brown; formed within the leaf, with the anterior spiracles projecting ventrally through the lower epidermis.

Distribution. * USA: MA; Europe.

Comments. On Anemone virginiana L. in Missouri we found a single similar mine, which appeared nearly uniformly dark brown in reflected light, but when backlit the intestine-like track was clearly visible (secondary feeding lines); primary feeding lines were indistinct. A braconid wasp emerged from the puparium. A mine found in Wisconsin on A. canadensis L. with conspicuous primary and secondary feeding lines (Klein 2013) also may represent Phytomyza anemones .