Key to species of Xylopertha

1. Elytral declivity with a spine on each elytron in both sexes (Fig. 1E–H) ………………………2

– Elytral declivity without spines in both sexes (Fig. 1A–D) ……………………………………3

2. Tubercle-like spine with a pointed apex located on the dorso-lateral margin of the declivity of each elytron (Figs 1E–F; 3B). Male: 8th tergite and genitalia as in Fig. 5C–D. Female: last four abdominal ventrites as in Fig. 4C ……………………………………… X. praeusta (Germar, 1817)

– Spine located on the middle of upper margin of the declivity of each elytron (Figs 1G–H; 3D). Male: eighth tergite and genitalia as in Fig. 5G–H. Female: last three abdominal ventrites as in Fig. 4D ……………………………………………………………… X. reflexicauda (Lesne, 1937)

3. Male: upper margin of elytral declivity without long, erect hairs. The 8th tergite and genitalia as in Fig. 5E–F. Female: apex of each elytron projecting as a broad approximately rectangular process, its apex with a small pointed tooth next to the suture, the processes separated by a shallow U-shaped emargination, a broad emargination lateral to each process (Fig. 3C); 3rd abdominal ventrite projecting medially over 4th, which is visible only at sides; 5th ventrite very deeply, broadly emarginate, base of emargination projecting ventrally as a thin lamina behind process on the 3rd ventrite, concealing middle part of 4th ventrite (Fig. 4B) ……………… X. elegans sp. nov.

– Male: upper margin of elytral declivity bearing long, erect hairs. The 8th tergite and genitalia as in Fig. 5A–B. Female: apex of each elytron strongly emarginate, the emargination filled by a pair of ventrally-directed processes with rounded tips next to suture (Fig. 3A); 3rd abdominal ventrite not projecting medially over 4th, which is visible across its entire width, base of emargination of 5th ventrite not projecting ventrally as a thin lamina (Fig. 4A) …… X. retusa (Olivier, 1790)