Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861) (nưªDƃ)

Figures 1A–B, 9A–D, 10A–I, 11A–E, 14

Lycosa nemoralis Westring, 1861: 472 (♂ ♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis Dahl 1908: 361, fig. 57 (♂ ♀); Roberts 1985: 140, fig. 61a (♂ ♀); Yu & Song 1988: 118; Song et al. 1999: 346, fig. 202D, H (♂ ♀); Almquist 2005: 252, fig. 246a–i (♂ ♀); Tanaka 2009: 230, figs 46–47 (♂ ♀); Marusik et al. 2011: 20, figs 4–5, 8–9, 11–17, 24–26, 39–42 (♂ ♀).

For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2023).

Type material. Unknown.

Material examined. CHINA: Jilin: 1 male and 1 female, Antu County, Erdaobaihe Town, Railway Station, 42°27.062′N, 128°8.056′E, elev. 691 m, 24 June 1979, Y.S. Zhang & C. Wang leg. (SWUC) ; 2 females, Erdaobaihe Town, Changbai Mountain, 42°10.991′N, 128°10.655′E, elev. 1135 m, 11 July 2003, F. Zhang leg. (SWUC) ; 1 male and 1 female, Erdaobaihe Town, Changbai Mountain, 42°10.991′N, 128°10.655′E, elev. 1135 m, 8 August 2004, Z.S. Zhang & D. Li leg. (SWUC) ; 1 male and 2 females, Erdaobaihe Town, Wetland Park, 42°24.506′N, 128°07.449′E, elev. 750 m, 14 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; 1 female, Changbai County, Malugou Town, 41°31.501′N, 128°08.537′E, elev. 867 m, 12 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; 2 females, Longjing City, Zhixin Town, Tianfozhishan Mountain Nature Reserve, 42°35.791′N, 129°37.524′E, elev. 688 m, 15 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; Heilongjiang: 4 males and 3 females, Raohe County, Wulindong Town, 46°34.714′N, 133°39.823′E, elev. 156 m, 19 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; 2 females, Yichun City, Tangwanghe District, 48°33.093′N, 129°48.992′E, elev. 456 m, 22 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. ; 2 females, Tahe County, Ershizhan, 52°46.471′N, 124°57.900′E, 422 m, 19 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; 1 female, Tahe County, Ershisanzhan, 53°08.538′N, 124°20.258′E, elev. 264 m, 24 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; 1 female, Mohe County, Xin’an Town, 53°17.395′N, 124°02.970′E, elev. 401 m, 24 July 2016, L.Y. Wang & Z.S. Wu leg. (SWUC) ; Inner Mongolia: 1 male, Xin’an League, Aer Mountain Forest Park, Grand Canyon, 47°30.294′N, 120°38.046′E, elev. 1158 m, 4 July 2015, T. Lu & G.Q. Huang leg. (SWUC) ; 2 males and 3 females, Xin’an League, A’er Mountain Forest Park, Luming Lake, 47°22.663′N, 120°29.529′E, elev. 1178 m, T. Lu & G.Q. Huang leg. (SWUC) .

Diagnosis. For male, see diagnosis of Xerolycosa miniata . Females differ from other species of the genus by the atria wider than long, the septal stem narrower than a half of width of septum, and the distance between spermathecal heads much higher than the width of spermathecal heads (Figs 9C–D, 10H–I).

Description. Male (Fig. 10A) total length 4.68. Carapace 2.44 long, 1.72 wide; opisthosoma 2.33 long, 1.47 wide. Carapace dark brown, with a wide, white median band. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.20, PLE 0.19; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.22. Clypeus height 0.11. Chelicerae, labium and endites brown. Sternum brown, with white and brown setae. Leg measurements: I 6.04 (1.65, 1.95, 1.45, 0.99); II 5.80 (1.59, 1.84, 1.37, 1.00); III 5.83 (1.52, 1.69, 1.67, 0.95); IV 8.14 (2.10, 2.40, 2.39, 1.25). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum brown, with white mark, cardiac mark indistinct. Venter yellow brown.

Male pedipalp (Figs 9A–B, 10C–G, 11A–E). Subtegulum baso-prolaterally located. Terminal apophysis membranous, wide and with a bifurcate tip, anterior branch much smaller than posterior one. Embolus strong, bandlike, curved nearly forming a semicircle. Conductor small and membranous, with a rounded end. Median apophysis strong, with a wide and deep groove and a corniform ventral process.

Female (Fig. 10B) total length 7.17. Carapace 2.82 long, 2.18 wide; opisthosoma 4.16 long, 2.70 wide, color as in male. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.09, PME 0.22, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.28. Clypeus height 0.14. Leg measurements: I 6.65 (1.94, 2.26, 1.35, 1.10); II 6.26 (1.72, 2.18, 1.32, 1.04); III 6.34 (1.71, 1.96, 1.60, 1.07); IV 9.08 (2.32, 2.90, 2.52, 1.34). Leg formula: 4132.

Epigyne (Figs 9C–D, 10H–I). Septum wide, nose-like, with stem narrower than half the width of septum. Atria large and nearly oval, slightly wider than long. Copulatory openings located at posterior end under the lateral margins of septum. Spermathecal heads inflated, stalks short and twisty.

Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Heilongjiang, Fig. 14); Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Korea, and Japan.