Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862)

Figs 2.9, 4.7, 8.2, 10.2

Allotria brevis Thomson, 1862: 408 . Type: deposited in MZLU (examined).

Allotria (Allotria) brevis – Dalla Torre & Kieffer 1902: 40.

Charips (Charips) brevis – Dalla Torre & Kieffer 1910: 276.

Alloxysta brevis – Andrews 1978: 79.

Diagnosis

Alloxysta brevis is mainly characterized by a small closed radial cell that is 2.1 times as long as wide (Fig. 4.7); the absence of pronotal carina (Fig. 8.2); the presence of propodeal carinae that form a plate; and female and male antenna with rhinaria beginning on F4, F1 shorter than pedicel, and F1–F3 subequal in length (Fig. 2.9). It is similar to A. darci, but can be differentiated by the length of antenna (shorter than the body in A. brevis, but longer in A. darci) and the marginal setae of the fore wing (shorter in A. brevis than A. darci).

Material examined

Lectotype

SWEDEN: ♀ [Ld ( Lund) 8/6 (white label, handwritten)], [ brevis (white label, handwritten)], [Lectotype Allotria brevis ♀ Thomson, 1862 design. Ferrer-Suay and J.P-V 2011 (red label)], [ Alloxysta brevis (Thomson) ♀, M. Ferrer-Suay and J.P-V det.] (MZLU).

Paralectotype

SWEDEN: ♀ [L-d (Lund) (white label)], [8-toma (white label, handwritten)], [1984/405 (green label, loan code)], [Paralectotype Allotria brevis ♀ Thomson, 1862 (red label)], [ Alloxysta brevis (Thomson) ♀, M. Ferrer-Suay and J.P-V det. (white label)] (MZLU).

Additional specimens (13 ♂♂, 135 ♀♀)

CROATIA: 1 ♀ [Yugoslavia, Dalmatia, Drvenik nr. Makarska, 9.8.79, Boucek] .

CZECH REPUBLIC: 1 ♀ [Moravia: Kobyli, Jul. 1970, M. Kocourek] (BMNH); 5 ♀♀ [Wooden hill, N.W. of town, Moravia: Kobyli, Jul. 1970, M. Kocourek] (BMNH); 1 ♀ [Moravia, Zidlochovice, 20 Nov. 84, N.D. Springate] (BMNH); 1 ♀ [central Bohemia, 30 Jul. 1991, J. Macek] (CNCI C-274); 1 ♀ [central Bohemia, 30 Jul. 1991, J. Macek] (CNCI C-278); 1 ♀ [Moravia, Lanzhot-Ranspurk, 7–9 Aug. 1991, L. Masner, climax flood forest] (CNCI C-265); 1 ♂ [Moravia, Tvrdonice, 7 Aug. 91, L. Masner, fraxinetum] (CNCI C-262); 1 ♀ [Praha-Troja, 6–9 Sep. 1999, YPT, L. Masner, steppe] (CNCI C-284).

FRANCE: 2 ♀♀ [Lot La Paylle Basse Sovillac, c 1200 ft, 28 May–1 Jun. 1979, R.S. George] (BMNH) .

GERMANY: 1 ♀ [Mainz, 18 Sep.–1 Oct. 1965, A.W. Steffan] (CNCI C-236); 1 ♀ [Rhine Valley, Steinstadt, 47°46′ N, 07°34′ E, 7 Jun. 1999, H. Goulet, fallow field] (CNCI C-232); 1 ♀ [Rhine Valley near Hügelheim, 47°50′10″ N, 7°37′9″ E, 15 Jun. 1999, H. Goulet, sweeping old alfalfa] (CNCI C-230); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ [Schwarzwald, Todtmoos environs, 6 Aug. 1984, L. Masner, screen sweeping] (CNCI C-235).

GREECE: 2 ♀♀ [Thessalia, Kalambaka (hillside meadow), 14–20 Jul. 1979, M.C. Day, G.R. Else, D. Morgan] (BMNH BM 1979-312); 1 ♀ [Greece: Ilia Olympia, 4–11 Jul. 1979, M.C. Day, G.R. Else, D. Morgan] (BMNH BM 1979-312).

HUNGARY: 1 ♀ [Baranya Beremend, 24 Apr.–8 May 1963, L. Horacsek] (BMNH B.M. 1964-373).

IRAN: 3 ♀♀ [Karaj, 40 km W Tehran, 25–28 Jun. 1978, J.T. Huber, YPT] (CNCI C-316); 4 ♀♀ [Karaj, 40 km W Tehran, 3 Jul. 1978, J.T. Huber sweep] (CNCI C-315).

JAPAN: 1 ♂ [Ibaraki, Tsukuba, NIAES, 14–21 Jul. 1989, M.J. Sharkey, PT] (CNCI C-191); 1 ♀ [Kyushu, 700 m, Fukuoka, MT. Hiko, 10–21 Jul. 1989, MT, K. Takeno and M. Sharkey] (CNCI C-171); 1 ♂ [Aichi, 900 m, Shitara, Uradani, 20–26 Jun. 1994, K. Yamagishi, YPT, beech forest] (CNCI C-199); 1 ♀ [Hokkaido, Aizan, 800 m, 4 Jul. 1989, sweep, M.J. Sharkey] (CNCI C-186); 1 ♀ [Fukuoka, Mt. Hiko, 700 m, 9–10 May 1989, sweep, M.J. Sharkey] (CNCI C-183); 1 ♂ [Ibaraki, Tsukuba, NIAES, 14-25 Jul. 1989, M. Sharkey, FIT and MT] (CNCI C-146); 1 ♀ [Ibaraki, Tsukuba, NIAES, 1–3 Mar. 1990, M. Sharkey, FIT and MT] (CNCI C-149); 1 ♀ [Fukuoka, Mt. Hiko, 12–29 May 1989, Takeno and Sharkey] (CNCI C-145); 8 ♀♀ [Hokkaido, Sapporo, Jozankei, 350 m, 12–21 Sep. 1989, K. Maeto and M. Sharkey, MT] (CNCI C-205); 2 ♀♀ [Ibariki, Tsukuba, NIAES, 13 Nov.–22 Dec. 1989, M.J. Sharkey, PT] (CNCI C-142); 1 ♀ [Aichi, Nagoya, Ogawa, 11 Jun. 1984, R. Baczyushi] (CNCI C-179); 2 ♀♀ [Hokkaido, Sapporo, Jozankei, 21–28 Sep. 1989, K. Maeto and M. Sharkey] (CNCI C-193); 1 ♀ [Hokkaido, Shibetsu-Rubesu, E. slope of Mt. Shari, 43°45′ N, 144°45′ E, 17 Aug. 1996, 700 m, L. Masner, sweep] (CNCI C-164); 2 ♀♀ [Gifu, Kasagawa, Ikeda-cho, 24 May 1984, R. Baczyuski] (CNCI C-181); 1 ♀ [Hokkaido, Sapporo, Jozankei, 350 m, 20–31 Jul. 1989, MT, K. Maeto and M. Sharkey] (CNCI C-204); 1 ♂ [Aichi, Shitara, Uradani, 900 m, 11–17 Jul. 1994, K. Yamagishi, EMT, beech forest] (CNCI C-222); 10 ♀♀ [Hokkaido, Sapporo, Jozankei, 350 m, 10–21 Aug. 1989, K. Maeto and M. Sharkey, MT] (CNCI C-206); 1 ♀ [Hokkaido, Nukabira, 600 m, 5 Jul. 1989, sweep, M.J. Sharkey] (CNCI C-215); 14 ♀♀ [Hokkaido, Sapporo, Jozankei, 350 m, 29 Aug.–12 Sep. 1989, K. Maeto and M. Sharkey, MT] (CNCI C-207).

MOROCCO: 1 ♀ [Marrakech, Ouirgane, 1000 m, 31°08′ N, 8°05′ W, 13–21 Mar. 1996, C. Kassebeer, MT] (CNCI C-280); 3 ♀♀ [Marrakech, Ouirgane, 1000 m, 31°08′ N, 8°05′ W, 4–11 Oct. 1996, C. Kassebeer, MT] (CNCI C-279).

RUSSIA: 4 ♀♀ [Russian Far East, Primorski Krai Lazovski Zapovednik, c.170Km, E. Vladivostok, Ta-Chingousa, 43°00′42″ N, 134°07′34″ E, Om 28 Aug.–16 Sep. 2001, sandy coast, Malaise trap 494°, M. Quest coll. BMNH(E) 2009-59, Alloxysta spp-indet dwarfs and intermediates] (BMNH 2009- 59) ; 15 ♀♀ [Primoskiy Kray Ussyriysk District, Gomotayozhnoye, 11–15 Aug. 2003, Malaise trap, M.V. Michailovskaya] (USNM); 1 ♀ [Primorskiy Kray Ussyriysk District, Gomotayozhnoye, 200 m, 43.66° N, 132.25° E, 1–10 Aug. 2002, M.V. Michailovskaya, MT] (USNM); 3 ♀♀ [Primorskiy Kray, Vladivostok environs, ??. ??.1992, A. Okulov] (CNCI C-297).

SERBIA: 1 ♀ [Srbija Drazevac, nr. Belgrade, 27–28 Jun. 1981, M. Day and M. Fitton] (BMNH); 1 ♀ [Srbija Drazevac, nr. Belgrade 27–28 Jun. 1981, M. Day and M. Fitton] (BMNH).

SPAIN: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ [Madrid, Cercedilla, 22 Oct. 1978, J.S. Noyes, B.M. 1978-488] (BMNH).

SLOVAKIA: 1 ♀ [C.S.S.R., Koṧice, 14–17 Sep. 84, N.D. Springate] (BMNH).

SLOVENIA: 3 ♀♀ [Radovljica, 3 Aug. 1978, L. Huggert swept on dry meadow] (CNCI C-276); 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ [Slatna, Radovljica, 6 Aug. 1978, L. Huggert, swept on open wooded (deciduous) meadow] (CNCI C-275).

SWEDEN: 3 ♀♀ [sk. kivik, 19 Jul. 1938, d.m.s.p. and j.f.p.] (BMNH B.M. 1938-414); 1 ♀ [Uppsala, Hogadalen, 16 Sep.–2 Oct. 1990, Malaise trap F. Ronquist] (CNCI C-304).

SWITZERLAND: 2 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀ [Dielsdorf, 650 m, 17 Aug. 1984, L. Masner, sweep] (CNCI C-290); 1 ♀ [Solothurn, Weissenstein, 1225 m, 47°15′10″ N, 7°30′00″ E, 17 Jun. 1999, Goulet/White, lush meadow] (CNCI C-285).

Distribution

Eastern Palaearctic and Holartic.

Certain records: Andorra (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2011: 350), Corsica (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013l: 5), England (Müller et al. 1999: 346), India (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013i: 5), Iran (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013a: 36), Italy (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2014e: 6), Mexico (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013m: 32), Serbia and Slovenia (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013b: 351), Sweden (Thomson 1862: 408), Thailand (Ferrer-Suay et al. 2013i: 5).

Uncertain records: Canada (Andrews 1978: 68), Finland (Hellén 1963: 22), France (Kieffer 1902b: 602; De Gaulle 1908: 26), Germany (Hübner et al. 2002: 507), Hawaii (Beardsley 1985: 50), Hungary (Fülöp et al. 2010: 54), Ireland (O’Connor & Nash 1997), Japan (Takada & Nakamura 2010: 269), Madeira (Borges et al. 2008), Poland (Barczak 1991: 87), Romania (Ionescu 1969: 245–246; Prelipcean et al. 2004: 60; Ceballos 1941: 226; Tizado & Núñez-Pérez 1993: 97; Bertolaccini et al. 2004: 42), USA (California) (Oatman et al. 1983: 1714; Zuparko & Dahlsten 1995: 730), USA (Florida) (Ashmead 1887: 19; Evans & Stange 1997: 1), USA (Idaho) (Weld 1920: 15).

New records: Czech Republic, Greece, Moravia, Morocco, Russia, Spain, Switzerland.