Sagola parva Sharp, 1874

(Figs. 21a, 21c, 21e–g, 22)

Sagola parva Sharp, 1874: 508 . Broun 1880: 136; Schaufuss 1888: 85; Raffray 1893: 25, 1904: 498, 1911: 6, 1924: 231; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen, 2006: 243.

Sagola fovealis Broun, 1886: 886 . Raffray 1893: 37, 1904: 498, 1911: 6, 1924: 232; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 242. New synonymy.

Sagola brevicornis Raffray, 1893: 27 . Raffray 1911: 6, 1924: 231; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 241. New synonymy.

Sagola insolens Broun, 1893b: 1051 . Raffray 1904: 498, 1911: 6; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen, 2006: 242. New synonymy.

Sagola rectipes Broun, 1893b: 1051 . Raffray 1904: 498, 1911: 5, 1924: 233; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 243. New synonymy.

Sagola punctata Broun, 1893b: 1052 . Raffray 1904: 498, 1911: 6, 1924: 233; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 243. New synonymy.

Sagola concolorata Broun, 1915: 292 . Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 241. New synonymy.

Sagola rotundiceps Broun, 1915: 289 . Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 243. New synonymy.

Type Material Examined. Holotype of Sagola parva: NEW ZEALAND: 1♀ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “249” [green label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola parva Cotype. Sharp. ” [white label, handwritten] . Holotype of Sagola concolorata: NEW ZEALAND: Coromandel: 1♀ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “3709. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Tairua. Auckland.” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola ♂ concolorata.” [white label, handwritten]. The original label indicates this specimen is a male, but it is female . Holotype of Sagola fovealis: NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♂ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “1577. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Waitakerei” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “sagola ♂ fovealis.”[white label, handwritten] . Syntypes of Sagola insolens: NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♀ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “1879” [white label, handwritten]; “ ♀ “ [white label, handwritten]; “ Howick ” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola insolens ”[white label, handwritten]. 1♂, glued on rectangular card, “1879.” [white label, handwritten]; “ ♂ “ [white label, handwritten]; “ Howick ” [white label, printed]; “ New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola insolens ”[white label, handwritten] . Holotype of Sagola punctata: NEW ZEALAND: Coromandel: 1♀ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “1880.” [white label, handwritten]; “Tairua” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola punctata .” [white label, handwritten] . Holotype of Sagola rectipes: NEW ZEALAND: Coromandel: 1♀ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “1878.” [white label, handwritten]; “Tairua” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola rectipes ” [white label, handwritten] . Holotype of Sagola rotundiceps: NEW ZEALAND: Taranaki: 1♀ (BMHM), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “3704. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Stratford. Taranaki.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola ♂ rotundiceps.” [white label, handwritten]. The original label indicates this specimen is a male, but it is female. Two of three syntypes of Sagola brevicornis: NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 2♂ ♀ (MNHN), glued on rectangular card, “ MP / S. brevicornis AR ” .

Additional Material (n = 88: 50 males; 38 females). NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♂ 3♀♀, Clevedon Scenic Res., 0.5km N Clevedon, 20m, 19 III 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift forest litter by stream ; 1♀, Manurewa, Murphy’ s Bush, 2 III 1981, G. Kuschel, rotten wood 81/59 ; 1♀, Grafton, Gulley, 6 III 2002, J. Nunn ; 1♀, Riverhead SF Res., 17–26 XI 1983, P.A. Maddison, Malaise trap ; 1♀, Waitakere Ra., Cascade-Kauri Park, up. Kauri tr., 170m, 8 XII 1984 – 25 I 1985, kauripodo-hdwd., A. Newton, M. Thayer 680, FIT & window trap; 1♂, Symond St. Cemetery, Auckland, 40m, 2–6 IV 2010, L. Masner, yellow pan traps; 1♂, Matuku Res., 45m, 6.5km W Waitakere end of Jonker’ s Rd., 2–5 IV 2010, L. Masner, yellow pan traps ; 1♂, Symonds St. Cemetery, Auckland, 40m, 23 II 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift leaf litter in ravine; 1♂, Hunua Ranges Reg. Park, 7km W Kaiaua Workman Tr., 116m, 27 III 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift leaf litter by stream ; 1♂, Auckland, 40m, Auckland Domain, 25 III 2001, S.E. Thorpe, on underside of logs in bush ; 1♂, Waikowai, Captains Bush, 10 II 1992, G. Hall ; 1♂, Bethells, Matuku Res., 23 VI 1987, R. C. Craw, sifted rotten wood 87/9 ; 1♂, Symond St. Cemetery, 8 II 2004, J. Nunn ; 1♂, The Dome, 270m, nr Warkworth, 7 I 1983, J.C. Watt, wood mould 83/8 ; 1♂, Waitakere Ranges, 260m, Nohoanga Scenic Res., 8 XII 1984 – 25 I 1985, hdwd.-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 679, FIT & Window trap ; 1♂, Symond St. Cemetery, Auckland, 40m, 24–25 III 2010, yellow pan traps, L. Masner; 1♂, Mt. Auckland, Atuanui Scenic Res., 250m, 2.5km NE Glorit, 2 II 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift rotten wood ; 1♂, Mt. Auckland, Atuanui Scenic Res., 250m, 2.5km NE Glorit, 2 II 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift fallen epiphyte mass; Bay of Plenty : 2♀♀, Tapapa, 300m, 25 III 1978, S.B. Peck, litter ; 1♀, Mt. Te Aroha, 2.5km SE Te Aroha, 390m, Tui Rd. at Tui Creek, Mt. Domain tr., 15 II 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift rotten wood ; 1♂, Tapapa Tukorehe Res., 300m, 25 III 1978, S. & J. Peck, berl., litter ; 1♂, Tapapa Tukorehe Res., 25–29 III 1978, S. & J. Peck, 300m, bait (carrion) trap ; 1♂, Lottin Pt Rd, Waenga Bush, 16 IX 1992, G. Hall, Wood mould 92/52 ; 1♂, Lake Okataina, 9 X 1995, M.C. Lariviere, A. Larochelle, litter 95/12 ; 1♂, Papatea, 26 IV 1993, J. S. Dugdale, litter 93/ 94; Coromandel : 1♂ 1♀, Great Barrier I, Little Windy Hill, 13 XII 2002 – 17 I 2003, P. Sutton, forest edge malaise trap ; 1♀, Great Barrier I, Little Windy Hill, 17 I–27 II 2003, K. Parsons, forest edge Malaise trap; Northland : 4♂♂ 4♀♀ (1♂ 1♀, slide-mounted), Waipoua State Forest, 0.9km e Forest hqtrs., 120m, 26 XI–4 XII 1984, hdwd.- podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 686, FIT & window trap ; 4♂♂ 1♀, Waipoua SF, Toronui Tr., 150m, 13 IV 1980, kauri-podocarp-broadleafnikau palm forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer, pyrethrin fogging fungusy logs ; 1♂ 2♀♀, Waipoua State Forest, 0.8km nw Wairau Summit, 350m, 27 XI– 6 XII 1984, hdwd.-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 689, FIT & window trap ; 1♂, Waipoua State Forest, Wairau Summit, 400m, 27 XI–6 XII 1984, hdwd.-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 687, FIT & window trap ; 1♂ 1♀, Waipoua SF, 0.8km s Waikohatu Stream bridge, 27m, 28 XI–6 XII 1984, hdwd.-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 692, FIT & window trap ; 1♀, Waipoua SF, Te Matua Ngahere, 400m, 19 II 1978, berl., under bark of fallen tree with mushroom, S. Peck ; 2♂♂, Waipoua SF, 24 XI 1980, G. Kuschel, on Agathis australis log ; 1♂, Waipoua SF, 25 XI 1980, G. Kuschel, decayed wood 8/120 ; 1♂, Waipoua SF, Waipoua Stm, 70m, 16–21 III 1978, S. & J. Peck, malaise trap in forest clearing; Wellington : 2♂♂, Tinakori Hill, Wellington, 1 VIII 1991, J. Nunn, in decayed wood; 1♂, 4km S of Levin, 30m, 8 III 1978, S. & J. Peck, litter ; 1♀, Kaitoke Regional Park, Pakuratahi Forks, 15 IV 2005, R. Leschen, C. McGuiness, leaf litter ; 2♀♀ (1♀, slide-mounted), Wilton’ s Bush, 110m, 41″15.963′S 175″45.159′E, 24 XI 2005, mixed broadleaf-podocarp forest, FMHD#2005-030, berl., leaf & log litter, M. Thayer, A. Newton, ANMT site 1150 ; 1♂, Tinakori Hill, 1 VI 1991, J. Nunn, decaying wood ; 1♂ 1♀, Tinakori Hill, 1 VI 1991, J. Nunn, decaying wood ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Tinakori Hill, 5 VI 1991, J. Nunn, decaying wood with Mesoponera ants ; 1♂, Tinakori Hill, 10 VIII 1991, J. Nunn, in soggy decaying wood ; 2♀♀, Tinakori Hill, 1 IX 1991, J. Nunn, in partly humified log ; 1♀, Manawatu Gorge, 17 XI 1991, J. Nunn ; 1♀, Tinakori Hill, 15 XII 1991, J. Nunn, in cut grass ; 1♂, Tinakori Hill, 21 IV 1986, J. Nunn, with Mesoponera ants ; 1♂, Johnson’ s Hill, Karori, 17 VII 1988, J. Nunn ; 1♀, Tinakori Hill, 14 IV 1992, J. Nunn, in rotten wood ; 4♂♂ 2♀♀, Eastbourne, 22 VIII 1993, J. Nunn, in decayed wood ; 1♀, Tinakori Hill, 11 IX 1993, J. Nunn, in decaying wood ; 1♀, Klein Tr., Manawatu Gorge, 16 VII 1994, J. Nunn, in decaying wood ; 1♂ 1♀, Karori Res., 25 II 1995, J. Nunn, in twiggy streamside debris ; 1♀, Tinakori Hill, 8 VII 1996, J. Nunn, under plank beneath pines ; 1♂, Keith George Res., Silverstream, 27 XII 1996, J. Nunn, in pulpy decayed wood with Ganoderma fungus .

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from S. denticollis by the bluntly triangular head, larger eye, enlarged male antennomeres 5–6 lacking distinctive tubercles, and unique shape of the genitalia.

Redescription. Length 2.3–3.8 mm. Body brown, antennae, legs, and maxillary palpi paler, elytra yellowish brown (Fig. 21a). Head: Bluntly triangular with prominent frontal rostrum (Fig. 21f). Male antennomeres 2–10 subquadrate, 5–6 enlarged, 5 largest. Female antennomeres 2–3 subquadrate, 4–5 longer than wide, 6–10 subquadrate. Frontal sulcus shallow, reaching midpoint of eye from frontal fovea. Anterior frontal fovea oval, open anteriorly, posterior frontal fovea round. Eye large and prominent, approximately one-half length of temple. Thorax: Prosternum as long as wide, widest at midpoint. Elytra subquadrate (Fig. 21a). Meso- and metathorax trapezoidal, as long as wide. Abdomen: Tergite IV with pair of transverse patches of microtrichia reaching middle. Aedeagus: Median lobe with minor lobe bearing from base (Fig. 21c). Phallobase of median lobe asymmetrical and rounded (Fig. 21c). Parameres asymmetrical, left paramere longer than right with 2 slender branches apically (Fig. 21c).

Type Locality. New Zealand (unknown specific locality) .

Distribution. A u c k l a n d, B a y o f P l e n t y, Coromandel, Northland, Taranaki, Wellington (Fig. 22: black circles).

Habitat. Most specimens of this species were collected using yellow pan and Malaise traps or were taken by sifting leaf litter or rotten wood in hardwood or podocarp forests. Some specimens were collected with Mesoponera ants, and one specimen was collected from a carrion bait trap.

Comments. Specimens of S. parva are easy to distinguish from other species externally by the enlarged male antennomeres 5–6; large eye that is approximately one-half length of temple; prominent frontal rostrum; shallow frontal sulcus; oval and anteriorly open anterior frontal fovea. The type specimens of S. brevicornis, S. concolorata, S. fovealis, S. insolens, S. punctata, S. rectipes, and S. rotundiceps share these diagnostic characters. For these reasons, we have placed these species in synonymy with S. parva .