Neotrops waorani Grismado and Ramírez, 2013

SPERM TRANSFER FORM (fig. 16): Medium-sized (,9 Mm), oval-shaped synspermia,

comprising four sperm. Within the deferent ducts, numerous mitochondria are visible in the periphery of sperm conjugates; the cytoplasm appears granular (fig. 16A, B). Cross sections of several, fingerlike constrictions of the peripheral cytoplasm are visible (fig. 16C). The cytoplasm and constrictions further condense (fig. 16D), finally a distinct peripheral ring of these cytoplasmic constrictions is formed (fig. 16E). Synspermia are surrounded by a thick (, 200 nm), homogeneous secretion sheath (figs. 16E, F).

SPERMATOZOA (fig. 16): Acrosomal complex: AV long, conical; wide subacrosomal space (fig. 16B, D). AF originates from the subacrosomal space, extends into the nuclear canal, but clearly ends before the base of the axoneme (fig. 16F). Nucleus: prcN indented at its anterior pole, irregularly condensed (fig. 16B), compact. peN flattened. NC located in the periphery, but empty for the most part. Axoneme: long, 9+3 microtubular pattern (fig. 16A, B, F).

NOTES ON SPERMIOGENESIS (fig. 17): All stages of spermiogenesis are present in the testis. Spermatids of the same developmental stage are arranged in cysts. The large AV possesses a wide subacrosomal space, is accompanied by a collar of electron-dense secretions and secretion droplets (fig. 17A), and is partially sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus. The AF originates from the subacrosomal space (fig. 17A) and extends into the NC (fig. 17B, C). The nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. The chromatin appears fibrillar in mid spermatids, but condenses irregularly (fig. 17C). Late spermatids retain this condensation pattern (fig. 17 E–G). The implantation fossa contains a small amount of spherical secretions (fig. 17D), the two centrioles (fig. 17C, D), and a collar of electron-dense plates that surround the base of the axoneme (fig. 17E). At the end of spermiogenesis main sperm cell components coil within the cell membrane and a loose vesicular area is formed, surrounding the latter (fig. 17G). Finally, four spermatids that still remained connected to each other via cellular bridges fuse.