Subfamily AGELAIINAE Swainson, 1831 = 1832

in Swainson & Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 2, 1–lxvi, 1–523 (p. 274, as Agelainae). Type genus: Agelaius Vieillot, 1816 .

Diagnosis. No known diagnostic morphological characters. Plumages characteristically predominantly black at

least in males, and many species have iridescence found nowhere else in the family. Diagnosed molecularly by

unreversed synapomorphies in the following loci: ND2 (A17G), cytochrome b (C411A), ACO1 intron 9 (T215A,

C873T, T929C, and A954G) and MB intron 2 (G160A). Component genera:

Nesopsar P.L. Sclater, 1859 .

Agelaius Vieillot, 1816 .

Molothrus Swainson, 1832 [includes Scaphidura Swainson, 1837, after Lanyon (1992)]. Dives Cassin, 1867 .

Ptiloxena Chapman, 1892 [established for “ Dives ” atroviolaceus; see Powell et al. (2014) and references therein] Euphagus Cassin, 1867 .

Quiscalus Vieillot, 1816 .

Lampropsar Cabanis, 1847 .

Hypopyrrhus Bonaparte, 1850 .

Gymnomystax Reichenbach, 1850 .

Macroagelaius Cassin, 1866 .

Amblyramphus Leach, 1814 .

Curaeus P.L. Sclater, 1862 .

Anumara Powell, Barker, Lanyon, Burns, Klicka & Lovette, 2014 . Gnorimopsar Richmond, 1908 .

Agelaioides Cassin, 1866 .

Oreopsar W.L. Sclater, 1939 .

Agelasticus Cabanis, 1851 .

Chrysomus Swainson, 1837 .

Xanthopsar Ridgway, 1901 .

Pseudoleistes P.L. Sclater, 1862 .