Key to the species of Dolichosciara from China (males)

1. Gonostylus impressed apicomesially (Fig. 1 A, Fig. 2 A, Fig. 3 A, Fig. 4 A, C)....................................... 2

- Gonostylus not impressed apicomesially (Fig. 6 A, Fig. 7 A, Fig. 8 A, Fig. 9 A)......................................7

2. Gonostylus slightly impressed apicomesially, with four megasetae located below the impression (Fig. 1 A)..................................................................................................... D. sparsula sp. nov.

- Gonostylus strongly impressed apicomesially, with more than five megasetae located in the impression (Fig. 2 A, Fig. 3 A, Fig. 4 A, C).............................................................................................. 3

3. Basal segment of palpus with a black spot on its apex, megesetae slender and thin (Fig. 2 A, C)....... D. gracilenta sp. nov.

- Basal segment of palpus without a black spot, megesetae thick.................................................. 4

4. Apex of gonostylus nearly sharp, with thickened setae, megasetae located subapically on gonostylus............................................................................................... D. megumiae (Sasakawa, 1994)

- Apex of gonostylus blunt, with normal setae, megasetae located apicomesially on gonostylus (Fig. 3 A, Fig. 4 A, C)........ 5

5. Gonostylus with less than nine sharp megasetae uneven in size, intercoxal area of hypopygium bare (Fig. 3 A, B)............................................................................................. D. oxyacantha sp. nov.

- Gonostylus with more than ten straight and thickened megasetae subequal in size, intercoxal area of hypopygium setose or having an intercoxal lobe of hypopygium (Fig. 4 A, B, C)...................................................... 6

6. Hypopygium without intercoxal lobe (Fig. 4 B)............................................ D. scrobiculata sp. nov.

- Hypopygium with a large intercoxal lobe.............................................. D. ninae (Antonova, 1977)

7. Intercoxal lobe of hypopygium present................................................ D. flavipes (Meigen, 1804)

- Intercoxal lobe of hypopygium absent..................................................................... 8

8. Dorsal lobe of gonostylus present............................................. .. D. intermedialis (Antonova, 1977)

- Dorsal lobe of gonostylus absent......................................................................... 9

9. Intercoxal area of hypopygium bare................................................ D. orcina (Tuomikoski, 1960)

- Intercoxal area of hypopygium setose.....................................................................10

10. Gonostylus subparallel-sided, with 9–12 megasetae................................ D. semiferruginea (Menzel, 1995)

- Gonostylus not subparallel-sided, eventually narrowed towards apex, with less than nine megasetae................... 11

11. Gonostylus slightly inflated apicomesially, with 7–8 megasetae (Fig.6 A)........................... D. tumidula sp. nov.

- Gonostylus slender, with less than six megasetae (Fig. 7 A, 8A)................................................ 12

12. Gonostylus with 4–5 straight megasetae located submesially (Fig. 7 A)......................... D. rectospinosa sp. nov.

- Gonostylus with 3–5 slightly curved megasetae located subapically (Fig. 8 A)..................................... 13

13. Megasetae on gonostylus partly not visible in ventral view (Fig. 8 A)............................ D. multisetosa sp. nov.

- Megasetae on gonostylus completely visible in ventral view (Fig. 9 A)...........................................14

14. Megasetae longer than apical width of gonostylus............................. D. hippai Komarova & Vilkamaa, 2006

- Megasetae as long as or shorter than apical width of gonostylus (Fig. 9 A)........................................ 15

15. Length of tegmen twice its width.......................................... D. subornata (Mohrig & Menzel, 1994)

- Length of tegmen nearly as long as its width (Fig. 9 B).......................................................16

16 Megasetae shorter than apical width of gonostylus...................................... D. ornata (Winnertz, 1867)

- Megasetae as long as apical width of gonostylus (Fig. 9 A)............................... D. qingliangfengana sp. nov.