Rhinolophus stheno Andersen, 1905

Rhinolophus stheno Andersen, 1905: 91, pl. 3; Selangor, MALAYSIA (H. N. Ridley, Esq., presenter; BM(NH) 98.3.13.1) [147].

Common English name: Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat

Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as R. stheno are associated with two BINs, BOLD:AAO1567 and BOLD:ABY7284, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia in these BINs. Two DNA barcodes recorded as R. stheno (BM 504-04 and BM 505-04) are from Peninsular Malaysia but are not placed in any BIN due to short sequence length (<500bp) Based on our NJ analysis, neither of the Peninsular Malaysia barcodes are associated with BOLD:AAO1567 or BOLD:ABY7284 (Fig 5).

Remarks: R. microglobosus was described as a subspecies of R. stheno based on its smaller skull and globular anterior median rostral swellings [167]. The taxa were later found to be morphometrically and acoustically distinct, and R. microglobosus was consequently raised as a distinct species with a distribution covering Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos whereas R. stheno is restricted to southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and central Vietnam [168]. Therefore, DNA barcodes recorded as R. stheno associated with the BIN, BOLD:AAO 1567 may represent R. microglobosus, and DNA barcodes, BM504-04 and BM505- 04 [4] may represent the R. stheno sensu stricto as they were collected at Kuala Lompat, Pahang, close to the type locality. The BIN, BOLD:ABY7284 which contains DNA barcodes recorded as R. stheno and R. shameli may be erroneous (Fig 5).

IUCN status: Least Concern

Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 42], Tasik Chini [43], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve [56], Cameron Highland [60], Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Pulau Tioman [79], Klau Besar, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [23, 100]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47, 111], Royal Belum State Park [66], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [101]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [54, 101], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57, 100], Bukit Hijau [100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gua Musang [62], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Johor: Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100];

Negeri Sembilan: Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [101];

Terengganu: Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101] .

R. stheno roosts in limestone caves and sometimes in smaller colonies in rock crevices and tree hollows [11, 14]. Individuals have been reported roosting with R. lepidus [11].