Subgenus Parapterygotrigla

Parapterygotrigla Matsubara 1937: 266 . Fem. Type species Parapterygotrigla multiocellata Matsubara 1937: 266 by monotypy.

Dixiphistops Fowler 1938: 115 . Masc. Dixiphistops megalops Fowler 1938 . Type by original designation (also monotypic). Dixiphistes Fowler 1938: 117 . Masc. Dixiphistes macrorhynchus Fowler 1938 . Type by original designation (also monotypic). Dixiphichthys Fowler 1938: 119 . Masc. Dixiphichthys hoplites Fowler 1938 . Type by original designation (also monotypic).

Diagnosis. Nasal spine present, nuchal and cleithral spine long and strong, opercular spine small, and rostral [anterior infraorbital (AIO)] spines long in young, strong in large specimens.

Species. Pterygotrigla hoplites (Fowler, 1938), P. jacad sp. nov., P. macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936, P. megalops (Fowler, 1938), P. multiocellata (Matsubara, 1937), and P. robertsi del Cerro & Lloris 1997.

Remarks. Trigla brandesii Bleeker 1850 has no extant type material (M.J.P. van Oijen, pers. comm.) and a non-specific description, but may be referable here. Young stage specimens referable to this subgenus include Pterygotrigla fercula (Whitley 1938), a juvenile, and two larvae are incertae sedis.

Key to species of Pterygotrigla (Parapterygotrigla)

1a AIO with an antrorse spine at its base.......................................................... P. multiocellata

1b AIO without an antrorse spine at its base.................................................................. 2

2a AIO long and slender................................................................................. 3

2b AIO short and strong................................................................................... 5

3a Small anteriorly directed spines at base of D2 fin, snout of moderate length <20% head length, head profile not low & depressed............................................................................................ 4

3b No small spines at base of D2 fin, snout long>26% head length, profile of head low, depressed........... P. macrorhynchus

4a Buckler absent anterior to D1 fin origin............................................................. P. hoplites

4b Buckler present anterior to D1 fin origin.......................................................... P. megalops

5a Pectoral fin of moderate length 28–31% SL, eye large 34–36% head length, snout short 13–14% SL....... P. jacad sp. nov.

5b Pectoral fin long 46–55% SL, eye of moderate size about 26% head length, snout long 16–20% SL............. P. robertsi