40. Pales

[ Pales] Meigen, 1800: 14.

CURRENT STATUS: Unavailable name; work suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by action of I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339 [Opinion 678]); treated under Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 [teste Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993: 56)].

[ Pales] Osten Sacken, 1882: 193.

CURRENT STATUS: Unavailable name; criteria to make the name available not fulfilled in this work. REMARKS: Osten Sacken (1882) included this name only in a list of Meigen 1800 names without stating their availability.

Pales Bezzi, 1906: 54 .

ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: None.

FIRST INCLUDED SPECIES: Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781 (in Hendel 1908: 46).

TYPE SPECIES: Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781, by subsequent monotypy (in Hendel 1908: 46).

CURRENT STATUS: Preoccupied by Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Pales Koch, 1850; Pales Gray, 1866b; junior synonym of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 . New Synonymy.

FAMILY: TIPULIDAE .

REMARKS: Pales was originally proposed by Meigen (1800: 14) without included species and later made unavailable by the suppression of the entire work for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by action of the I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339 [Opinion 678]). In his discussion of Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Bezzi (1906: 54) mentioned that there was an earlier use of Pales by Meigen, 1800, and although he had not seen that work he provisionally accepted Meigen’s name as a senior homonym, which makes the name available from Bezzi (1906) [cf. ICZN Code Article 11.6.1]; although he failed to include any species. Bezzi (1908a: 185) indicated Meigen’s name in synonymy with Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, indirectly as “(nec Meig.)” but again did not include any species. Hendel (1908: 46) gave characters for the genus-group name (reproducing Meigen’s characters) and included the first species, Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781, which is thus the type species by subsequent monotypy. Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781 is currently treated in Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 [teste Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993: 56)], which makes Pales Bezzi, 1906 a junior synonym of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993: 56) gave the method of typification for Pales as by subsequent designation, but this is incorrect. Hendel (1908: 46) did not designate a type species but merely listed a single species, so the typification is by subsequent monotypy. The mistake by Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993) could have been made by Hendel’s notation of “Art: Tip. dorsalis Fab. ” in which the “Art: Tip.” may have been mistaken for “Art Typ.”