Aphelenchoides paranechaleos Hooper & Ibrahim, 1994

A. paranechaleos was extracted from stems of rice in Vietnam and, like A. nechaleos, mistakenly thought to be A. besseyi (Hooper & Ibrahim 1994) . It is also similar to A. nechaleos but their populations are unable to interbreed (Hooper & Ibrahim 1994). According to our data A. nechaleos, A. paranechaleos, A. arachidis and A. besseyi are the only four species in this genus considered as plant-parasites of rice; further surveys are needed to confirm A. bicaudatus' parasitism on this crop (Escuer & Bello 2000; Jen et al. 2012) (Fig. 3).