Key to Red Sea Pempheris

1a Base of anal fin without blackish band; scale rows below lateral line 11–16; circumpeduncular scales 14–18; pored lateral-line scales 49–64; scale rows above lateral line 4 1/2–6 1/2; predorsal scales 27–39.................................... 2

1b Base of anal fin with blackish band; scale rows below lateral line 10–11; circumpeduncular scales 12; pored lateral-line scales 47–52; scale rows above lateral line 4 1/2; predorsal scales 25–30.............................. P. tominagai sp. nov.

2a Pectoral fin base with faint blackish spot; pored lateral-line scales 56–64; body depth 41.4–45.4% SL (mean 43.6%); upperjaw length 14.2–15.6% SL (15.0%); distinct blackish margin on outer edge of anal fin; Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean......................................................................................... P. adusta

2b Pectoral fin base without blackish spot; pored lateral-line scales 49–60; body depth 44.6–53.4% SL; upper-jaw length 15.0–17.5% SL; anterior half or no distinct blackish margin on anal fin.......................................... 3

3a Eye diameter 13.0–15.3% SL (13.9%), 43.6–51.5% HL (45.6%); usually irregular faint longitudinal light stripes on the body side; Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and western Indian Ocean, north western coast of Australia ............... P. mangula

3b Eye diameter 11.6–12.8% SL (12.3%), 39.4–42.3% HL (41.1%); no stripes on the body side; southern Red Sea and western Indian Ocean............................................................................... P. nesogallica