Conopleura striata Hinds, 1844

Pleurotoma partita REEVE, 1846 (ObjECTIVE SYNONYM, UNNECESSARY REPLACEMENT NAME)

Type locality: Central Indo-Pacific. NEw GuINEA ISLANd (FIg. 1B1).

Material examined: Central Indo-Pacific. NEw GuINEA—SyNTyPES 1–2—2 SH—8.1×4.5, 8.8×4.5 (NHMUK 1879.2.26.39) (FIg. 1B1, 3A–C; APPENdIx 1: FIg. 1A); Temperate northern Pacific. Off SENkAku ISLANd (OkINAwA, JAPAN), dEEP wATER—1 SH—15.7×7.9 (AN) (FIg. 1B 2). Off TAIwAN, 70 m—1 SH—15.3×8.3* (AN) (FIg. 1B 3). Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2011, 100–200 m—2 SH—10.1×5.3, 10.3×5.1 (AN) (FIg. 1B 4); 2011, 180–250 m—2 SH—9.2×5* (AN) (FIg. 1B 4, 2A), 12.3×5.8* (AN) (FIg. 1B 4); 02/ 2011, 180–250 m—1 SH—11.5×5.9* (AN) (FIg. 1B 4); 27/02/2011, 220 m—2 SH—15×7.4*, 11.8×5.7 (AN) (FIg. 1B 4); 2011, 100–250 m—1 SH—9.8×5.2* (AN) (FIg. 1B 4); 03/2016, 150 m—1 SH—10.5×5 (AN) (FIg. 1B 4). Off CORAL POINT (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2011, 100–250 m—1 SH—8.3×4.3 (AN) (FIg. 1B 4). Off PANgLAO (BOHOL ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 1982, 150–160 m—1 SP—13.9×7.3, ANd ITS OPERcuLum—3.3×1.6 (USNM 903590, REPORTEd AS USNM 869535 IN TIPPETT & TuckER 1995) (FIg. 1B 4, 3E). Off SuRIgAO (MINdANAO ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2011, 50– 100 m—1 SH—9.8×5.1 (AN) (FIg. 1B 5, 3K–L); 2016, 80 m—1 SH—9.7×4.7 (AN) (FIg. 1B 5). ALIguAy ISLANd (PHILIPPINES)—1 SH—16.7×8.7* (AN) (FIg. 1B 6, 3F–J); 2009, 50–150 m—6 SH—14.8×7.7, 14.8×7.8*, 15.2×7.6*, 15.2×7.9, 16.6×8.4, 17.3×8.4* (AN) (FIg. 1B 6); 2016, 50–150 m—4 SH—16.3×8.1, 16.4×8, 16.7×7.7, 17.2×8.3 (AN) (FIg. 1B 6). Off PORT HEdLANd (AuSTRALIA), 1983—1 SH—11×5.2 (AMS C.428621) (FIg. 1B 7). Western Indo- Pacific. Off PORT BLAIR (ANdAmAN ISLANd, INdIA), 1963—1 SH—8.4×4.6 (ANSP 292114) (FIg. 1B 8).

Known distribution and bathymetric range: Temperate northern Pacific. JAPAN (CHINO 2011 ON THE bASIS Of BISHOGAI DATA BASE: Off MINAmI-JImA ISLANd, OkINOERAbu, ANd RAISA ISLANd, OkINAwA; NEVILLE 2016: SENkAku ISLANdS, OkINAwA; PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1B 2, 1B 9–10) ANd TAIwAN (PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1B 3). Central Indo-Pacific. PHILIPPINES (ANONymOuS 1989: PHILIPPINES; ANONymOuS 1990: PHILIPPINES ANd BOHOL; LAN 1993: PHILIPPINES; TIPPETT & TuckER 1995: PANgLAO, BOHOL ISLANdS; ANONymOuS 2005: PHILIPPINES; POPPE 2008: BALIcASAg ISLANd; CHINO 2011: PHILIPPINES; KANTOR & PuILLANdRE 2012: PANgLAO; PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1B 4–6, 1B 11), INdONESIA (ScHEPmAN 1913: TImOR; ANONymOuS 1990: TImOR) (FIg. 1B 12), NEw GuINEA ISLANd (HINdS 1844: NEw GuINEA ISLANd; PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1B1), VANuATu (ANONymOuS 1990: NEw HEbRIdES) (FIg. 1B 13), NEw CALEdONIA (BOucHET et al. 2011: NEw CALEdONIA) (FIg. 1B 14), ANd AuSTRALIA (ANONymOuS 1990: AuSTRALIA; PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1B 7, 1B15) . Western Indo-Pacific. INdIA (PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1B 8). SPEcImENS ANd SHELLS wERE REPORTEd fROm 13– 250 m dEPTH.

Description: SPEcIES wITH A SmALL SHELL, SOLId, SLENdER ANd bIcONIcAL, wITH AcumINATE SPIRE, Of ~ 18 mm mAxImum HEIgHT ANd 9–11 wHORLS IN LARgE-SIzEd INdIVIduALS (FIg. 3A–C, 3F–G). SHELL cOLOuR ALmOST wHITISH, SOmETImES wITH A mARgINAL LIgHT bROwNISH TINgE ON dORSAL SIdE Of LAST wHORL (FIg. 3A–C, 3F–G). PROTOcONcH Of ~2.25–2.5 wHORLS, SEmI-TRANSLucENT wHITISH, SmOOTH (FIg. 3K–L). APEx dEPRESSEd, SEcONd ANd THIRd wHORLS SLIgHTLy cONVEx (FIg. 3K–L). TELEOcONcH Of 7–8 cONVEx wHORLS AT mATuRITy, INcREASINg IN dIAmETER uP TO LAST wHORL, cONSTITuTINg AROuNd HALf Of TOTAL SHELL HEIgHT ANd SIgNIfIcANTLy ExPANdEd AT SHOuLdER ANd SubSEquENTLy NARROwINg (FIg. 3A–C, 3F–G). SuTuRE dISTINcT, SLIgHTLy INcISEd wITH A SuLcuS, SHOuLdER SLIgHTLy cORONATE, wITH SmALL TRIgONAL LObATE SPINES (FIg. 3A–C, 3F–H). SHOuLdER SuLcuS mAdE Of A SERIES Of dEEP STRAIgHT SEPTA SEPARATEd by RAdIATINg LAmELLAE ORIgINATINg fROm ANAL SINuS (FIg. 3H). AxIAL ScuLPTuRE fINE, POSSIbLy cONSTITuTEd by SEVERAL SubSEquENT gROwTH LINES (FIg. 3A–C, 3F–G). SPIRAL ScuLPTuRE IN cONVEx PART Of THE wHORL cONSISTINg Of 15–22 STRONg PRImARy cORdS, OfTEN fLExuOuS wHEN cROSSINg gROwTH LINES (FIg. 3A–C, 3F–G, 3I). APERTuRE NARROw, SINuOuS, ANd AxIALLy ELONgATEd, uNIfORmLy wHITISH-yELLOwISH (FIg. 3A, 3F). SLIgHT fALSE umbILIcuS PRESENT (FIg. 3J). COLumELLAR EdgE wITH SLIgHTLy ExPANdEd cALLuS (FIg. 3J). OuTER LIP THIN wITH STROmbOId NOTcH (FIg. 3G). ANAL SINuS dEEP, LARgE, U- SHAPEd, cLOSE TO SuTuRE (FIg. 3A–B, 3F–G). SIPHONAL cANAL THIck, SHORT ANd bROAd (FIg. 3A, 3F). RHOmbOIdAL OPERcuLum wITH TERmINAL NucLEuS (FIg. 3E). ANImAL cOLOuR wHITISH wITH dARk mAcuLAE (FIg. 3D). ANATOmy ANd RAduLA uNkNOwN.

Remarks: THIS IS THE TyPE SPEcIES Of THE gENuS Conopleura HINdS, 1844 by mONOTyPy (ICZN 2012: ART 68.3). REEVE (1846) INTROducEd Pleurotoma partita REEVE, 1846, NEw REPLAcEmENT NAmE (nomen novum) pro Conopleura striata HINdS, 1844 AS: I) HE PRESumAbLy cONSIdEREd Conopleura A juNIOR SubjEcTIVE SyNONym Of Pleurotoma LAmARck, 1799; ANd II) “ Pleurotoma striata ” wAS ALREAdy PREOccuPIEd by Pleurotoma striata KIENER, 1840 (SEE ALSO WEINkAuff 1876; TuckER 2004). THIS IS ALSO INfERREd by THE AbSENcE Of AddITIONAL uNPubLISHEd mATERIAL IN REEVE (1846) [SEE: I) REEVE’S (1846) cITATION Of P. partita mATERIAL fROm “MuS. BELcHER”, cLEARLy REfERRINg TO THE HINdS (1844) mATERIAL cOLLEcTEd uNdER THE cOmmANd Of THE CAPTAIN SIR EdwARd BELcHER; ANd II) THE fIguRE Of A SINISTRAL SHELL IN APERTuRAL VIEw, ANd dExTRAL IN AbAPERTuRAL VIEw (SEE ALSO dIScuSSIONS IN TIPPETT 1983)]. AccORdINg TO ICZN (2012: ART. 59.3), a junior secondary homonym [= Pleurotoma striata HINdS] replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use and the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric, in which case the junior homonym is not to be rejected on grounds of that replacement. THIS IS cLEARLy THE cASE, AS Pleurotoma partita REEVE IS NOT cuRRENTLy uSEd, ANd Pleurotoma striata HINdS IS NOw AgAIN AScRIbEd TO Conopleura, wHILST Pleurotoma striata KIENER wAS cONSIdEREd dIffERENT fROm Conopleura TAxA SINcE AT LEAST WEINkAuff (1876). HOwEVER, THE cuRRENT IdENTITy Of P. striata KIENER IS STILL uNkNOwN, ANd THE TAxON wAS ALwAyS OVERLOOkEd by dATAbASES ANd REcENT ARTIcLES dEALINg wITH CONOIdEA sensu BOucHET et al. (2011). AccORdINg TO KIENER (1840), THE mATERIAL ExAmINEd SHOuLd HAVE bEEN IN THE cOLLEcTION Of PRINcE MASSéNA IN MNHN, buT SHELLS/ SPEcImENS Of THIS gROuP IN MNHN HAVE bEEN cAREfuLLy ExAmINEd IN THE PAST by RIcHARd NEIL KILLbuRN ANd VIRgINIE HéROS, ANd NO POSSIbLE TyPE mATERIAL Of THIS SPEcIES IS kNOwN TO ExIST (V. HEROS, PERS. cOmm.). ON THE cONTRARy, PRINcE MASSéNA’S mATERIAL IS mOSTLy PRESERVEd IN MHNG uNdER THE DELESSERT cOLLEcTION, wHIcH HOLdS bOTH PRINcE MASSéNA ANd LAmARck’S cOLLEcTIONS AfTER DELESSERT bOugHT THEm IN 1840 (DANcE 1986; E. TARdy, PERS. cOmm.), ANd A SHELL Of P. striata KIENER cAN bE fOuNd THERE wITH A HuNdREd yEAR OLd LAbEL (MHNG-MOLL-93953: APPENdIx 2). UNfORTuNATELy, mOST Of THE ORIgINAL LAbELS fROm THE DELESSERT cOLLEcTION HAVE bEEN LOST (E. TARdy, PERS. cOmm.) ANd INdEEd SOmE dIffERENcES OccuR bETwEEN THE dRAwINg by KIENER (1840) ANd THE mATERIAL PRESERVEd IN THE muSEum (THE mAIN ONE bEINg THE PRESENcE Of AN AbRuPT bREAk ON THE SHELL, wHIcH IS AbSENT IN THE dRAwINg), ANd THEREfORE wE cANNOT bE cOmPLETELy SuRE THAT wE ARE dEALINg wITH THE ORIgINAL TyPE mATERIAL. HOwEVER, THE SHELL fOuNd IN MHNG IS cLEARLy cONSPEcIfIc wITH THE SPEcImEN fIguREd by KIENER (1840), ANd THE gENERAL SIzE, SHAPE ANd ScuLPTuRE, AS wELL AS THE AbSENcE Of LOcALITy dATA SuggEST THAT wE ARE dEALINg wITH THE SAmE SAmPLE, wHIcH wAS PRESumAbLy “INTERPRETEd” RATHER THAN fIguREd by KIENER (1840). THEREfORE, THE SHELL MHNG-MOLL-93953 IS PROPOSEd HERE AS THE TyPE mATERIAL Of P. striata KIENER, 1840. Pleurotoma striata KIENER ONLy SHOwS SImILARITIES wITH dRILLIId SPEcIES bELONgINg TO Fenimorea BARTScH, 1934 ANd Drillia GRAy, 1838 sensu lato, THEREfORE bEINg VERy dIffERENT fROm Conopleura . AccORdINg TO P.J. FALLON (PERS. cOmm.), P. striata KIENER bELONgS TO Fenimorea, ANd SINcE NO Fenimorea SImILAR TO THE TyPE mATERIAL ANALySEd HERE ExISTS wORLdwIdE, IT SHOuLd bE cONSIdEREd AS A VALId SPEcIES, PENdINg THE fINdINg Of AddITIONAL mATERIAL AImINg TO ESTAbLISH AT LEAST ITS cORREcT dISTRIbuTIONAL RANgE. FOLLOwINg PREVIOuS TAxONOmIc REmARkS ANd ICZN (2012) RuLES, Fenimorea striata (KIENER, 1840) ANd Conopleura striata HINdS, 1844 ARE VALId SPEcIES, C. striata ANd Pleurotoma partita REEVE, 1846 ARE ObjEcTIVE SyNONymS (ICZN 2012: gLOSSARy), P. partita IS AN uNNEcESSARy REPLAcEmENT NAmE, ANd THE NAmE TO bE uSEd fOR THE mAIN INVESTIgATEd TAxON IS Conopleura striata HINdS, 1844 .

TO PREVIOuS NOmENcLATuRAL REmARkS, wE Add THAT SHELL SIzES Of SyNTyPE 1 (8.1×4.5) (FIg. 3A–C) wERE OfTEN INcORREcTLy REPORTEd AS 19 mm TOTAL HEIgHT (POwELL 1966: PLATE 17; ANONymOuS 1990). POwELL (1966: PLATE 17) ALSO LISTEd ANd fIguREd THE SyNTyPE 1 AS “ HOLOTyPE ” . THIS dOES NOT cONSTITuTE A VALId LEcTOTyPE dESIgNATION (ICZN 2012: ART 74.5, 74.6), ANd THEREfORE THE TyPE mATERIAL STILL cONSISTS Of TwO SyNTyPES .