Key to species of the genus Xenicola (modified from Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891)

1. Pronotal carinae smooth; individuals small (body length ca. 12–20 mm); ovipositor more than three times as long as pronotum, males with a tricolour band on lateral edges of body.......................................................... 2

1’. Pronotal carinae crenellated; individuals large (body length ca. 25 mm); ovipositor twice as long as pronotum (males unknown)............................................................. X. superba Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891

2. Posterior edge of pronotal disc black; scape and pedicel with black marks; ovipositor almost four times as long as pronotum.................................................................................................... 3

2’. Posterior edge of pronotal disc of same general color as rest of disc; scape and pedicel without black marks; tricolor lateral band across head, thorax and abdomen, females with a white stripe....................................... X. taroba sp. n.

3. Antennae light yellow; tricolor band across thorax and abdomen, the superior strip much smaller than others, the middle one with the same width along all extension; male cerci straight, apex abruptly curved (females unknown)....................................................................................... X. dohrni Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891

3’. Antennae black; tricolor band across head, thorax and abdomen, the superior strip almost of same width as inferior; the middle one increasing in width in metazona; male cerci uniformly curved; females with the same patterns as males...................................................................................................... X. xukrixi sp. n.