Pachytomella passerinii (A. Costa, 1842)

(Figs. 1, 2, 4–7, 8A, E, 9C)

Phytocoris passerinii A. Costa, 1842: 288 .

Pachytoma minor A. Costa, 1842: 289 (synonymized by COSTA (1853: 55)).

Capsus minutus Lucas, 1849: 85 (synonymized by PUTON (1873: 24)).

Pachytomella passerinii: REUTER (1890): 253 (revised generic placement).

Type locality. Mt. La Majell, Abruzzi, Italy.

Specimens examined. ALGERIA: BLIDAH: Blida, 36.479 ° N 2.836 ° E, 1861, A. Strauth., 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315338) (ZIN). CONSTANTINE: Meridj nr Constantine, 36.35 ° N 6.6 ° E, 17 Dec 1972, Orlov, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00306286) (ZIN). ANDORRA: Pas de la Casa, 42.55 ° N 1.73333 ° E, 15 Aug 1982, J. Ribes, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00145218), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00145218) (JRBS). CROATIA: DALMATIA: Split, 43.5 ° N 16.43333 ° E, 10 May 1946, Novak, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00313077) (RLRF). FRANCE: Gallia meridionalis, V. Jakovlev coll., 2 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315339, AMNH_PBI 00315340) (ZIN). MIDI- PYRÉNÉES: Hejeres (Hyeres), 43.11 ° N 0.00169 ° E, Horvath coll., 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00313828), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00311150) (HNHM). PROVENCE- ALPES- CÔTE D’ AZUR: Alpes-Maritimes Co.: Cannes, 43.55 ° N 7 ° E, 1700, Signoret, 1♁ (AMNH_PBI 00334018) (NHMW). Eze, 43.71666 ° N 7.36666 ° E, 12 Apr 1949, R. Mayne, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00314025) (RLRF). RHÔNE- ALPES: Faramans, Gallia meridionalis, 45.88333 ° N 5.11666 ° E, Horvath coll., 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00311226) (HNHM). GREECE: CORFU ISLAND: Corfu, 39.61666 ° N 19.81666 ° E, 1700, Polatschek, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00335466) (NHMW); 1903, Paganetti, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00335465) (NHMW). EVROS: Delta Evros [Evrou], 40.86666 ° N 25.98333 ° E, 06 Jun 1982, Drosopoulus, 1♁ (AMNH_PBI 00312819) (RLRF). ITALY: CAMPANIA: Positano, 40.62972 ° N 14.48611 ° E, 37 m, 14 Nov 1925, El. Miram, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00314075) (ZIN); 15 Nov 1925, El. Miram, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315335) (ZIN). EMILIA- ROMAGNA: Altissimo Mt., 44.05 ° N 10.23333 ° E, 1958, R. Linnavuori, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00312828), 3♀♀ (AMNH_PBI 00313606) (RLRF). FRIULI- VENEZIA GIULIA: Trieste, 45.6486 ° N 13.78 ° E, Graeffe, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00145099), 2 ♀♀ (AMNH_PBI 00314451, AMNH_PBI 00314464) (HNHM), 4♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00334015–AMNH_PBI 00334016, AMNH_PBI 00335470–AMNH_PBI 00335471), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00334015) (NHMW); Oct 1901, Graeffe, 1 ♁, (AMNH_PBI 00334014), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00334014) (NHMW); 14 Jun 1919, Graeffe, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00334017) (NHMW). LIGURIA: Bordighera, 43.78333 ° N 7.66666 ° E, O. Schneider, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00314456), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00313608) (HNHM); San Remo, 43.81666 ° N 7.76666 ° E, O.Schneider, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315341), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00315342) (ZIN). ROMA: Rome, 41.86666 ° N 12.48333 ° E, 30 May 1947 – 31 May 1947, Rubtsov, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00306287) (ZIN); Rome, Villa Abamelek, 41.892 ° N 12.459 ° E, 30 May 1947 – 31 May 1947, Rubtsov, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315334) (ZIN); Roma, Trebontane, 41.1 ° N 12.48 ° E, 28 Oct 1930, Lurg, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00314465) (ZIN). SARDINIA: Asuni, 39.86666 ° N 8.93333 ° E, May 1909 – Jun 1909, Krausse, 2♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315332, AMNH_PBI 00315333) (ZIN). SICILY: Genova, 37.95 ° N 12.7 ° E, Aug 1966, J. Ribes, 3 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00145221) (JRBS); Palermo, 38.125 ° N 13.357 ° E, 21 Apr 1925, El. Miram, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315328) (ZIN); 23 Apr 1925, El. Miram, 6 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00306283–AMNH_PBI 00306284, AMNH_PBI 00315325–AMNH_PBI 00315327, AMNH_PBI 00315329) (ZIN); 28 Apr 1925, El. Miram, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00306285) (ZIN); 14 Nov 1925, El. Miram, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315330) (ZIN); 17 Nov 1925, El. Miram, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315331) (ZIN). TRENTINO- ALTO ADIGE: Karersee, 46.399 ° N 11.581 ° E, 1700, Handlirsch, 2 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00334012, AMNH_PBI 00335472), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00334013) (NHMW). TUSCANY: Vallombrosa, 43.73 ° N 11.53 ° E, O. Schneider, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315336) (ZIN). SPAIN: ANDALUCIA: Hi. m. Sierra Ronda, Grazalema, 36.75 ° N 5.36666 ° W, 1400 m, 16 May 1979 – 17 May 1979, Jelínek, 3 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00250385,AMNH_PBI 00250385, AMNH_PBI 00312780) (NMPC); Malaga, 36.71666 ° N 4.41666 ° W, 01 May 1955, N. Gyllensvard, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00312818) (RLRF); 03 May 1955, N. Gyllensvard, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00311344) (RLRF). CANTABRIA: Viliafufre, Prov. Santandre, 43.26666 ° N 3.86666 ° W, 1700, H. Franz, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00335467) (NHMW). ISLAS BALEARES: Ibiza Island [Insel Ibiza], 39 ° N 1.4 ° E, 1700, H. Franz, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00335468) (NHMW). PROVINCIA DE GUIPUZCOA: Astigarragako [Astigarraga] Bentak, Errenteria, Guipuzkoa, 43.26666 ° N 1.95 ° W, 150 m, 25 May 2002, S. Pagola Carte, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00311123), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00310496) (ZIN). PROVINCIA DE VIZCAYA: Butroe, Gatika [Gatica], Bizkaia, 43.36666 ° N 2.86666 ° W, 75 m, 28 Apr 2003, S. Pagola Carte, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00308850), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00309492) (ZIN). CANARY ISLANDS: GRAN CANARIA CO.: No locality, 27.95 ° N 13.9 ° W, Becker, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00314878) (HNHM). TENERIFE CO.: Las Mercedes, 28.515 ° N 16.284 ° W, 03 Mar 1949, H. Lindberg, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00311120) (RLRF); Las Mesas, 28.2 ° N 16.64 ° E, 28 Mar 1964, J. Ribes, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00145220) (ZIN). TURKEY: BURSA: Brussa [= Bursa], 40.18333 ° N 29.06666 ° E, 1882, Merkl, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00314500) (HNHM).

Redescription. Male: Macropterous, elongated, total length 2.7–3.2 mm. COLOURATION (Fig. 1): Head: Dark brown to black, spot near eye yellowish or brownish, sometimes hardly visible; eye dark brown or brownish with yellowish hind margin; labium and antenna dark brown to black, antennal segment IV somewhat paler than other segments. Thorax: Uniformly and entirely dark brown to black. Abdomen: Dark brown to black. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in generic description, dorsum smooth and shiny, posterior margin of pronotum somewhat rugose. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Body 2.9–3.3× as long as width of pronotum. Head: Shape, position of antennal fossa and length of labium as in generic description; eye not protruding, at a small distance or in contact with anterior angles of pronotum; head 1.4–1.5× as wide as high; vertex 1.7–2.0× width of eye; antennal segment II 0.9–1.1× as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.9–1.1× as long as width of head; segments III and IV combined, as long as or shorter than segment II. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1–2.2× as wide as long and 1.0–1.1× width of head; posterior margin of pronotum straight or concave, mesoscutum partly exposed; hind femur not swollen. GENITALIA: Body of right paramere oval, apical process of left paramere slightly curved, without triangular process at base (Fig. 5); theca smooth, without depression on dorsal wall (Fig. 4); basal portion of ductus seminis uniformly sclerotised (Fig. 2); distal portion of ductus seminis bowl-shaped, with walls around secondary gonopore equal in length (Fig. 2); endosoma with more or less distinct sclerotised area apically and with single curved and twisted spicule, equal in length with dorsal wall of theca (Fig. 4).

Female: Brachypterous, oval, total length 2.0– 2.2 mm. COLOURATION (Fig. 1): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in generic description. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Structure as in generic description. Body 2.0–2.3× as long as width of pronotum. Head: Somewhat broader than in male, eye not protruding, in contact with anterior pronotal margin; head 1.3–1.4× as wide as high; vertex 2.3–2.6× as wide as eye; antennal segment II 0.5–0.6× as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.4–0.6× as long as width of head, segments III and IV combined, longer than segment II. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1–2.5× as wide as long and 0.9–1.0× as wide as head; posterior margin of pronotum concave, mesoscutum partly exposed; length of hemelytra ranging from reaching abdominal tergum V to reaching abdominal tergum VII, with posterior margin truncate or broadly rounded; clavus separated by shallow suture, cuneal comissure longer than scutellum. GENITALIA: Oval sclerotised ring 1/3 rd– 1/4 th width of dorsal labiate plate, sclerotised areas near sclerotised rings separated from each other, more than twice as long as sclerotised ring (Fig. 6); posterior wall with a pair of triangular sclerites projecting beyond anterior margin of posterior wall (Fig. 7).

Differential diagnosis. Distinguished by the macropterous male, uniformly dark femora and tibiae, apical process of left paramere without triangular process at base (Fig. 5), dorsal wall of theca without a depression (Fig. 4), endosoma with a single spicule and wide sclerotised area, and without denticulate areas, scleroized rings of dorsal labiate plate distinctly oval, and sclerotised area ventral to each of those rings more than twice as long as sclerotised ring (Fig. 4). Similar to P. parallela, which can be distinguished in the longer body size, often femora with yellowish apices and tibiae with yellowish bases, endosoma with two spicules (Fig. 4), sclerotised ring of dorsal labiate plate roundish, and smaller sclerotised area of dorsal labiae plate (Fig. 6). Apparently not separable from P. phoenicea in the structure of male genitalia, but that species differs in having yellowish appendages.

Distribution. Known mainly from Mediterranean countries and Switzerland. The species has also been recorded from Turkey, Israel and the Canary Islands (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). New for Andorra.

Discussion. This species is very similar to P. parallela in appearance. Refer to the corresponding section for P. parallela for discussion of the difficulties in separating these species.