Geoemyda spengleri (Gmelin, 1789:1043)

Holotype: Not located, although illustrated in Walbaum (1785:Pl. III); possibly originally in the MNUL and apparently destroyed during World War II.

Testudo serrata Shaw 1802:51

Holotype: RCSM unnumbered (formerly LN unnumbered); illustrated in the original description (Pl. 9, left); apparently destroyed during World War II.

Testudo tricarinata Bory de Saint-Vincent 1804: 308

Holotype: Not located; illustrated in the original description (Pl. XXXVII, Fig. 1).

Testudo carinata Thunberg 1810:6

Holotype: UPSZTY 277 (formerly UUZM 277 and MGA 46); reported by Thunberg (1828:49), Holm (1957:58), and Wallin (2001:126).

Geoemyda spengleri sinensis Fan 1931:146

Syntypes (69): Presumably originally in the SYS, numbered 1202 and 8001-68, with two of them sent to the ZMB according to the original description. Only known syntypes are RMNH 5887 (Hoogmoed et al. 2010:16), and MCZ 3425 (listed as paratype in Barbour & Loveridge 1946:114); others presumably lost.