Subfamily Carapinae Poey 1867

Name and spelling in prevailing recent practice

Fierasferina Günther 1862a:370, 381 [ref. 1969] (group) Fierasfer [Fierasferini used as valid after 1899]

Carapidi Poey 1867:209 [ref. 32247] (family) Carapus Rafinesque [stem emended to Carapod- by Steyskal 1980:174 [ref. 14191]; Nelson 1976:157 [ref. 32838] and Nelson 2006:244 [ref. 32486] used Carapidae; not preoccupied by Carapini Bonaparte 1850, name not used as valid after 1899, and Carapidae in prevailing recent practice; Carapidae used as valid by: Radcliffe 1913 [ref. 3579], Reid 1940 [ref. 3685], Smith 1955d [ref. 4099], Ancona López 1956 [ref. 12209], Arnold 1956 [ref. 5315], Rosenblatt 1961 [ref. 9374], Robins & Nielsen 1970 [ref. 7778], Cohen & Nielsen 1978 [ref. 881], Trott 1981 [ref. 14205], Williams 1983 [ref. 5367], Nelson 1984 [ref. 13596], Williams 1984 [ref. 6813], Whitehead et al. (1986b) [ref. 13677], Shen & Yeh 1987 [ref. 6418], Markle & Olney 1990 [ref. 18996], McAllister 1990 [ref. 14674], Meléndez C. & Markle 1990 [ref. 21690], Quéro et al. 1990 [ref. 15946], Tyler, Robins, Smith & Gilmore 1992 [ref. 21501], Williams & Machida 1992 [ref. 18993], Allen & Robertson 1994 [ref. 22193], Parmentier, Castro-Aguirre & Vandewalle 2000 [ref. 24936], Parmentier & Bailly 2002 [ref. 26055], Menezes et al. 2003 [ref. 27192], Olney 2003 [ref. 27007], Parmentier 2004 [ref. 27501], Springer & Johnson 2004 [ref. 33199], Anderson 2005 [ref. 28024], Hoese et al. 2006, Anderson & Møller 2007 [ref. 29406], Anderson & Satria 2007 [ref. 29406], Kimura, Satapoomin & Matsuura 2009 [ref. 30425], Li & Zhang 2011 [ref. 31777], Parmentier 2012 [ref. 32365], Kottelat 2013 [ref. 32989]]

Enchelyophes Fitzinger 1873:43 [ref. 31883] (family) Enchelyophis

Disparichthyidae Herre 1935:383 [ref. 2109] (family) Disparichthys [also in Herre 1936:436 [ref. 22183]]

Echiodontini Markle & Olney 1990:276 [ref. 18996] (tribe) Echiodon