Key to adult females of Pseudococcidae present in Uruguay

[Adapted from Cox & Ben-Dov (1986), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), Granara de Willink (2003), Granara de Willink & Szumik (2007), Kaydan & Gullan (2012) and Granara de Willink & González (2018)].

1 Dorsal tubular ducts large, each with orifice surrounded by a circular, sclerotized area containing 1 seta or more within its borders, or with the setae adjacent to the rim.............................................. ( Ferrisia Fullaway) ... 2

- Dorsal tubular ducts, if present, without this combination of characters........................................... 4

2(1) Ventral oral collar tubular ducts of at least 2 sizes: smaller ducts in segmental clusters on body margin, and on at least the last 2 or 3 abdominal segments; larger ducts often each with a circular discoidal pore in sclerotized collar of duct or on derm nearby....................................................................... Ferrisia cristinae Kaydan & Gullan

- Ventral oral-collar tubular ducts of 1 size, never in clusters on body margin....................................... 3

3(2) Multilocular disc pores absent................................................... Ferrisia meridionalis Williams

- Multilocular disc pores present at least around vulva..................... Ferrisia terani Williams & Granara de Willink

4(1) Oral rim tubular ducts present somewhere on the body........................................................ 5

- Oral rim tubular ducts absent........................................................................... 14

5(4) Cerarii, anterior to anal lobe pair, mostly with auxiliary setae.......................... ( Pseudococcus Westwood) ... 6

- Cerarii, anterior to anal lobe pair, without auxiliary setae..................................................... 11

6(5) Discoidal pores present next to eyes...................................................................... 7

- Discoidal pores absent from next to eyes................................................................... 8

7(6) Translucent pores present on hind coxae; cerarii each with only 1 associated oral rim tubular duct.................................................................................................. Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel

- Translucent pores absent from hind coxae; most cerarii each with 2 or 3 associated oral rim tubular ducts of 2 sizes........................................................................ Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzeti)

8(6) Hind leg with translucent pores on tibia only................................................................ 9

- Hind leg with translucent pores on more than 2 segments..................................................... 10

9(8) Discoidal pores next to each eye situated in a sclerotized rim............... Pseudococcus scatoterrae Granara de Willink

- Discoidal pores next to each eye not situated in a sclerotized rim.................... Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton

10(8) Hind leg with translucent pores present on femur and tibia only........................ Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret)

- Hind leg with translucent pores on coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia........... Pseudococcus pabulum Granara de Willink

11(5) Cerarii usually numbering 8–13 pairs.......................................... Spilococcus mamillariae (Bouché)

- Cerarii numbering fewer than 6 pairs.............................................( Chorizococcus McKenzie) ... 12

12(11) Cerarii present on the last 4 or 5 abdominal segments....... Chorizococcus jeanfrancoisi Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan sp. n.

- Cerarii present on last abdominal segment only............................................................ 13

13(12) Circulus present, small..................................... Chorizococcus rostellum Williams & Granara de Willink

- Circulus absent................................................. Chorizococcus uruguayensis Granara de Willink

14(4) Derm surrounding hind coxa with many minute pores............................ Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell)

- Derm surrounding hind coxa without minute pores.......................................................... 15

15(14) Dorsal setae flagellate................................................................................ 16

- Dorsal setae lanceolate................................................................................ 23

16(15) Cerarii numbering 18 pairs; anal lobe bars present....................................... ( Planococcus Ferris) ... 17

- Cerarii numbering fewer than 18 pairs; anal lobe bars absent.................................................. 19

17(16) Head with oral collar tubular ducts numbering 4–35 (rarely 1–3); sum of oral collar ducts next to the 8 th pair of cerarii on both sides numbering 1–30; cerarian setae on head stout; hind femur without translucent pores........................... 18

- Head with oral-collar ducts numbering 0–2 (rarely 3 or 4); sum of oral collar ducts next to the 8 th pair of cerarii on both sides numbering 0–4; cerarian setae on head slender; hind femur often with a few translucent pores...................................................................................................... Planococcus ficus (Signoret)

18(17) Ratio of lengths of hind tibia+tarsus to trochanter+femur 1.1–1.3:1; multilocular disc pores on posterior edge of abdominal segment VI usually forming a more-or less single row..................................... Planococcus citri (Risso)

- Ratio of lengths of hind tibia+tarsus to trochanter+femur 1.04–1.18:1; multilocular disc pores on posterior edge of abdominal segment VI usually forming a double row........................................... Planococcus minor (Maskell)

19(16) Cerarii numbering 4 pairs.............................. Hypogeococcus concordiensis Williams & Granara de Willink

- Cerarii numbering more than 14 pairs.................................................( Dysmicoccus Ferris) ... 20

20(19) Cerarii numbering 14 pairs........................................... Dysmicoccus bonaerensis Granara de Willink

- Cerarii numbering 17 pairs............................................................................. 21

21(20) Hind leg with translucent pores present on 4 segments..................... Dysmicoccus umbambae Granara de Willink

- Hind leg with translucent pores restricted to hind tibia and femur.............................................. 22

22(21) Oral-collar tubular ducts of 1 size; dorsum of last abdominal segment with long setae and simple pores each much larger than a trilocular pore............................................................ Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell)

- Oral-collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes; dorsum of last abdominal segment with short setae and simple pores each about same size as a trilocular pore............................................................ Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley)

23(15) Antenna 7 segmented; circulus absent; quinquelocular pores absent..................... Nipaecoccus armatus (Hempel)

- Antenna 9 segmented; circulus present; ventral quinquelocular pores often present......... ( Phenacoccus Cockerell) ... 24

24(23) Dorsal multilocular disc pores present in rows across segments................................................ 25

- Dorsal multilocular disc pores absent from dorsum except for 1 or 2 on or near margins............................ 28

25(24) Ventral quinquelocular pores absent, or numbering only 1 or 2 next to mouthparts and on mid-thorax..................................................................................... Phenacoccus tucumanus Granara de Willink

- Ventral quinquelocular pores numerous................................................................... 26

26(25) Larger dorsal setae each with a few trilocular pores next to setal collar.................. Phenacoccus madeirensis Green

- Dorsal setae without trilocular pores next to setal collars..................................................... 27

27(26) Mid-region of abdominal dorsum with multilocular disc pores; some dorsal lanceolate setae each with a swelling in the apical region............................................. Phenacoccus montevidensis Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan sp. n.

- Mid-region of abdominal dorsum without multilocular disc pores; multilocular pores restricted to a few on margins; all dorsal lanceolate setae evenly tapered.................................... Phenacoccus sisymbriifolium Granara de Willink

28(24) Quinquelocular pores absent on venter........................................... Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

- Quinquelcular pores present on venter.................................................................... 29

29(28) Cerarii numbering 3 pairs, on the posteriormost abdominal segments........ Phenacoccus uruguayensis Granara de Willink

- Cerarii numbering 18 pairs............................................................................. 30

30(29) Dorsal oral-collar tubular ducts numerous, scattered....................... Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink

- Dorsal oral-collar tubular ducts restricted to margins.................................. Phenacoccus parvus Morrison